scholarly journals Young’s Modulus of Different Illitic Clays during Heating and Cooling Stage of Firing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4968
Author(s):  
Tomáš Húlan ◽  
Igor Štubňa ◽  
Ján Ondruška ◽  
Štefan Csáki ◽  
František Lukáč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Dynamical thermomechanical analysis of 5 illite-based clays from deposits in Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, and Hungary is presented. The clays consist of illite (37–80 mass%), quartz (12–48 mass%), K-feldspar (4–13 mass%), kaolinite (0–18 mass%), and calcite (0–3 mass%). Young’s modulus is measured during the heating and cooling stages of firing (25 °C → 1100 °C → 25 °C). The liberation of the physically bound water increases Young’s modulus by ∼70% for all studied clays. By increasing the temperature, dehydroxylation and the α → β transition of quartz take place without a significant effect on Young’s modulus. Sintering, which starts at 800 °C, leads to an intensive increase in Young’s modulus up to the highest temperature (1100 °C). The increase remains also in the early stage of cooling (1100 °C → 800 °C). This increase of Young’s modulus is also the result of solidification of the glassy phase, which is finished at ∼750 °C. A sharp minimum of Young’s modulus is observed at around the β → α transition of quartz. Then, Young’s modulus still decreases its value down to the room temperature. The physical processes observed during heating and cooling do not differ in nature for the studied clays. Values of Young’s modulus vary at around 8 GPa, up to 800 °C. During sintering, Young’s modulus reaches values from 30 GPa to 70 GPa for the studied clays. The microstructure and composition given by the origin of the clay play a cardinal role for the Young’s modulus of the final ceramic body.

Development of Young's modulus of natural illitic clay during the heating and cooling stages of firing

Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Húlan ◽  
Igor Štubňa ◽  
Andrei Shishkin ◽  
Jurijs Ozolins ◽  
Štefan Csáki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients

AbstractIllitic clay from the locality of Liepa, Latvia, was investigated using dynamic thermomechanical analysis during the heating and cooling stages of firing. Differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, thermodilatometry, X-ray diffraction and porosimetry were also performed to shed light on the processes influencing the elastic properties of clay. The increase in the Young's modulus (YM) at low temperatures was linked to the release of physically bound water. Above 850°C, the bulk density and YM both increased as a consequence of sintering. The YM was more sensitive to the progress of sintering compared to dimension changes. The YM values continued to increase during cooling until the glass-transition temperature was reached. At this temperature, the first microcracks caused by the differences in thermal expansion coefficients of the present phases were expected to appear. The YM showed a sharp V-shaped minimum at the β → α transition of quartz, which was a result of alternation of the mechanical radial stresses around the quartz grains. When the transition of quartz was completed, the YM continued to decrease because microcracks were still being created at the boundaries between the different phases. The decrease of the YM during cooling from the glass-transition temperature down to room temperature was ~50% for all of the firing temperatures and isothermal periods applied.

scholarly journals The Influence of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Clay-Based Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Tomáš Húlan ◽  
Igor Štubňa ◽  
Ján Ondruška ◽  
Anton Trník
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Lower Amount

Elastic properties of mixtures of illitic clay, thermal power plant fly ash (fluidized fly ash—FFA and pulverized fly ash—PFA), and grog were investigated during the heating and cooling stages of the firing. The grog part in the mixtures was replaced with 10, 20, 30, and 40 mass% of the fly ash, respectively. The temperature dependence of Young’s modulus was derived using the dynamical thermomechanical analysis, in which dimensions and mass determined from thermogravimeric and thermodilatometric results were used. Flexural strength was measured at the room temperature using the three-point bending test. The following results were obtained: (1) Bulk density showed a decreasing trend up to 900 °C and a steep increase above 900 °C. During cooling, the bulk density slightly increased down to the room temperature. (2) Young’s modulus increased significantly during heating up to ~300 °C. Dehydroxylation was almost not reflected in Young’s modulus. At temperatures higher than 800 °C, Young’s modulus began to increase due to sintering. (3) During cooling, down to the glass transformation, Young’s modulus slightly increased and then began to slightly decrease due to microcracking between phases with different thermal expansion coefficients. (4) Around the β→α quartz transition, radial stresses on the quartz grain altered from compressive to tensile, creating microcracks. Below 560 °C, the radial stress remained tensile, and consequently, the microcracking around the quartz grains and a decreasing Young’s modulus continued. (5) With a lower amount of PFA and FFA, a higher Young’s modulus was reached after sintering. The final values of Young’s modulus, measured after firing, show a decreasing trend and depend linearly on the part of fly ash. (6) The flexural strength measured after firing decreased linearly with the amount of the fly ash for both mixtures.

The Material Properties of Bone-Particle Impregnated PMMA

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Park ◽  
Y. K. Liu ◽  
R. S. Lakes
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Particle Content ◽  
Bone Particle ◽  
Perfect Bonding

The elastic Young’s modulus and shear modulus of bone-particle impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been measured experimentally at room temperature as a function of bone particle concentration. It was found that the moduli increased with increasing bone particle content. This increase was less than the stiffness increase predicted by higher-order composite theory [1, 2] under the assumption of perfect bonding between particles and matrix. It was concluded that a bond existed but that it was not a perfect bond.

An Experimental Study of Carbon Nanotube Reinforcements

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Patrin ◽  
Frank Chow ◽  
Gabriela Philippart ◽  
Feridun Delale ◽  
Benjamin Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Reinforcement Percentage

Due to their high strength and stiffness carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as candidates for reinforcement of polymeric resins. It is also known that the addition of CNTs to polymeric matrix results in highly conductive nanocomposites, making the material multifunctional. Most of the CNT reinforced polymeric nanocomposite systems reported in the literature have been studied at room temperature. However, in many applications, materials may be subjected from low to elevated temperatures. Thus, the aim of this research is to study CNT reinforced polypropylene (PP) specimens at room, elevated and low temperatures. ASTM standard Type I specimens manufactured via injection molding and reinforced with 0.2%, 1%, 3%, and 6% CNTs were first subjected to tensile loads in a universal testing machine at room temperature. Neat PP resin specimens were also tested to provide baseline data. The tests were repeated at −54°C (−65°F), −20°C (−4°F), 49°C (120°F) and 71°C (160°F). The results were plotted as stress-strain curves and analyzed to delineate the effect of CNT reinforcement percentage and temperature on the mechanical properties. It was noted that as the percentage of CNT reinforcement increases, the resulting nanocomposite becomes stiffer (higher Young’s modulus), has higher strength and becomes more brittle. Temperature has a drastic effect on the behavior of the nanocomposite. As the temperature increases, at a given reinforcement percentage the material becomes more ductile with significantly lower Young’s modulus and strength compared to room temperature. At lower temperatures, the nanocomposite becomes more brittle with higher stiffness and strength, but significantly reduced failure strain. Also electrical measurements were conducted on the specimens to measure their resistance. For specimens reinforced with up to 3% of CNTs no electrical conductivity was detected. As expected at 6% CNT reinforcement (which is above the approximately 4% percolation limit reported in the literature), the specimens became electrically conductive. To predict the mechanical properties obtained experimentally, a micromechanics based model is presented and compared with the experimental results.

Wet-Spinning of Reinforced Artificial Silk Hybrid Fibres by Cellulose Whiskers

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Ju Ming Yao
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
Characteristic Index ◽  
Cellulose Whiskers ◽  
Cellulose Whisker

In this paper, the cellulose whisker/silk fibroin (CW/SF) aqueous solution with different composition was obtained by a dialysis against polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution at room temperature. The rheological behavior of CW/SF solution was investigated and the reinforced CW/SF hybrid fibres were prepared by a dry-wet spinning method. The results showed that the spinnability was better for the CW/SF solution according to the calculation of flowing characteristic index. The cellulose whiskers were dispersed homogeneously in the silk matrix. Moreover, it could be found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the hybrid fibers were improved with the increase of cellulose whisker content, which reached the maximum when the cellulose whisker content was 5 wt%. Compared with the pure silk fiber, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the CW/SF hybrid fibers containing 5 wt% CWs were increased from 135.78±12.73 MPa and 5.74±0.43 GPa to 438.68±22.63 MPa and 17.36±2.04 GPa, respectively.

Tangguh LNG Project Statistical Young’s Modulus and Thermal Expansion Coefficient Testing of Clad Pipe Specimens

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Griffiths ◽  
Isabel Hadley ◽  
Richard Johnson ◽  
Fabio Micari
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Upheaval Buckling ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Mean And Variance

Material testing was undertaken on samples taken from clad pipe manufactured by JSW for the Tangguh LNG project. The test programme involved testing Young’s Modulus (E) and Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (α) from room temperature to above 110° on each layer. This paper summarises testing and analysis of results which enabled mean and variance on each material property to be found. Checks were also undertaken for any correlations in properties between clad and parent layers, and between Young’s Modulus and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. Analysis results are compared to existing industry norms and their implications for the Tangguh project UHB (Upheaval Buckling) SRA (Structural Reliability Analysis) are summarised.

Room temperature Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of Ce0.9Fe3.5Co0.5Sb12 and Co0.95Pd0.05Te0.05Sb3 skutterudite materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 504 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Schmidt ◽  
Jennifer E. Ni ◽  
Eldon D. Case ◽  
Jeffery S. Sakamoto ◽  
Daniel C. Kleinow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio

Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio of Liquid Phase-Sintered Silicon Carbide

2011 ◽  
Vol 484 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Yasushi Okuzono ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirata ◽  
Naoki Matsunaga ◽  
Soichiro Sameshima
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Weibull Modulus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Sintered Silicon

The compressive stress-strain relation (room temperature) of SiC compact (75 vol% 800 nm SiC- 25 vol% 30 nm SiC) hot-pressed with 1.6 vol% Al2O3- 0.83 vol% Gd2O3 at 1950 °C was examined at a crosshead speed of 0.05 mm/min. The dense SiC (97.8 ± 1.5 % theoretical density) possessed 796 MPa of average flexural strength, 5.27 MPa・m1/2 of fracture toughness, 8.1 of Weibull modulus, and 475 GPa of average flexural Young’s modulus. The strains of SiC compacts along directions of height and width changed nonlinearly with applied compressive stress. The apparent Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio decreased with increasing strain along the direction of height and reached constant values of 275 ± 59 GPa and 0.214 ± 0.05, respectively. The steady-state compressive Young’s modulus was independent of the flexural strength.

Room-Temperature Mechanical Characterization of Bulk Glassy and Partially Crystallized Zr63Al9.7Ni9.7Cu14.6Nb3 Alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
F.W. Li ◽  
Jian Bing Qiang ◽  
S.G. Quan ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Chuang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Plastic Deformation Process ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystals ◽  
Constant Heating

The microstructures and mechanical behavior of the as-cast and isothermally annealed Zr63Al9.7Ni9.7Cu14.6Nb3 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and room temperature uniaxial compression. The as-cast BMG alloy shows a wide undercooled liquid span of 73 K at a constant heating rate of 40 K/min. Composite microstructures containing nanometer scaled icosahedral quasicrystals (i-phase) were produced upon annealing at 705 K. Under uniaxial room-temperature compression at a strain rate of 510-4 s-1, the as-cast BMG alloy exhibits a elastic deformation εy ~ 1.95%, a yield stress σy ~ 1650 MPa, and a Young’s modulus E ~ 84.5 GPa. The alloy shows a plastic strain εp ~ 8.0 % in a serrated plastic deformation process. Annealing induced embrittlement was observed in the relaxed BMG alloys. Comparing with the as-cast alloy, the relaxed and the composite alloys show negligible changes in elastic strain and Young’s modulus. The partially crystallized alloys are macroscopically brittle. Well developed vein patterns were observed in the fracture surfaces of all these alloys. The present work revealed that the dispersion of nanometer scaled i-phase particles is not effective as a barrier against shear localization in these partially quasicrystallized alloys.

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