scholarly journals Short-Term Heat Treatment of Ti6Al4V ELI as Implant Material

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4948
Author(s):  
Phuong Thao Mai ◽  
Therese Bormann ◽  
Robert Sonntag ◽  
Jan Philippe Kretzer ◽  
Jens Gibmeier
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Parameter Field ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Due to its mechanical properties and good biocompatibility, Ti6Al4V ELI (extra low interstitials) is widely used in medical technology, especially as material for implants. The specific microstructures that are approved for this purpose are listed in the standard ISO 20160:2006. Inductive short-term heat treatment is suitable for the adjustment of near-surface component properties such as residual stress conditions. A systematic evaluation of the Ti6Al4V microstructures resulting from short-term heat treatment is presently missing. In order to assess the parameter field that leads to suitable microstructures for load-bearing implants, dilatometer experiments have been conducted. For this purpose, dilatometer experiments with heating rates up to 1000 °C/s, holding times between 0.5 and 30 s and cooling rates of 100 and 1000 °C/s were systematically examined in the present study. Temperatures up to 950 °C and a holding time of 0.5 s led to microstructures, which are approved for medical applications according to the standard ISO 20160:2006. Below 950 °C, longer holding times can also be selected.

Application of Tailored Heat Treated Blanks under Quasi Series Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Uwe Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Tailored Heat Treated Blanks (THTB) are blanks that exhibit locally different strength specifically optimized for the succeeding forming process. The strength distribution is set by a local, short-term heat treatment modifying the mechanical properties of the material. Hence, THTB allow enhancing forming limits significantly leading to shorter and more robust manufacture process chains. In order to qualify the use of THTB under quasi series conditions, the interdependencies of the blank’s local heat treatment and the entire process chain of the car body manufacture have to be analyzed. In this respect, the impact of a short-term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of AA6181PX, a commonly used aluminum alloy in today’s car bodies, was studied. Also the influence of a short-term heat treatment on the coil lubricant, usually already applied by the material supplier, was given a closer look. Based on these experiments process restrictions for the application of THTB in an industrial automotive environment were derived and a process window for the THTB design was set up. In conclusion, strategies were defined how to enhance the found process boundaries leading to a more robust process window.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 15-5 pH Stainless Steel for Fastener Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 118-139
Author(s):  
Faisal Aldhabib ◽  
Xiao Dong Sun ◽  
Abdullah Alsumait ◽  
Fahad Alzubi ◽  
Elias Ashe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Varied Chemical ◽  
Mechanical And Microstructural Properties

15-5PH stainless steel is widely used in the aerospace industry, from precision fuse pins to forged products, due to its various high-performance properties. However, there is little systematic evaluation of heat treatment responses, especially at ultra-high temperatures above 650°C (1200°F). The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical and microstructural properties of 15-5 PH stainless steel at various heat treatments. Multiple heat treatment parameters were tested. The samples tested had varied chemical compositions because they were from different vendors. The experimental work included multiple aging temperatures, time, heating rates, and the effects of multiple aging treatments. A total of 38 different heat treatments were conducted on these specimens. There was a linear correlation between hardness and ultimate and yield strength. Optical microscopy showed martensitic structures with very fine grains in all the tested samples. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed ductile fracture in all the samples.

Influence of short-term heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of EN AW-6060 T4 extrusion profiles—Part B

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Graser ◽  
Hannes Fröck ◽  
Michael Lechner ◽  
Michael Reich ◽  
Olaf Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

Experimental Investigation of Heat-Treated Aluminum Profiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Matthias Graser ◽  
Michael Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Property Distribution ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aluminum Profiles

Tailor Heat Treated Profiles (THTP) are profiles that exhibit local different mechanical properties optimized for a subsequent forming operation. The property distribution is realized by short term heat treatment before a forming operation. Based on the interaction of soft and hard areas the material flow can be improved and the formability can be enhanced. Prerequisite for a successful application of the technology is a comprehensive material characterization. Therefore, within this paper the influence of short term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of profiles will be presented. In particular, different heating technologies based on heat conduction and laser radiation are compared. Based on the results, a process window will be derived. All investigations were performed using the precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy EN AW 6060.

scholarly journals The Effects of Various Conditions of Short-Term Rejuvenation Heat Treatment on Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Thermally Aged P92 Boiler Steel

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6076
Author(s):  
Ladislav Falat ◽  
Lucia Čiripová ◽  
Viera Homolová ◽  
Miroslav Džupon ◽  
Róbert Džunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laves Phase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Boiler Steel ◽  
P92 Steel ◽  
The Impact

In this work, the effects of various conditions of short-term rejuvenation heat treatment on room-temperature mechanical properties of long-term aged P92 boiler steel were investigated. Normalized and tempered P92 steel pipe was thermally exposed at 600 °C for time durations up to 5000 h in order to simulate high-temperature material degradation, as also occurring in service conditions. Thus, thermally embrittled material states of P92 steel were prepared, showing tempered martensitic microstructures with coarsened secondary phase precipitates of Cr23C6-based carbides and Fe2W-based Laves phase. Compared with the initial normalized and tempered material condition, thermally aged materials exhibited a slight decrease in strength properties (i.e., yield stress and ultimate tensile strength) and deformation properties (i.e., total elongation and reduction of area). The hardness values were almost unaffected, whereas the impact toughness values showed a steep decrease after long-term ageing. An idea for designing the rejuvenation heat treatments for restoration of impact toughness was based on tuning the material properties by short-term annealing effects at various selected temperatures somewhat above the long-term ageing temperature of P92 material. Specifically, the proposed heat treatments were performed within the temperature range between 680 °C and 740 °C, employing variable heating up and cooling down conditions. It was revealed that short-term annealing at 740 °C for 1 h with subsequent rapid cooling into water represents the most efficient rejuvenation heat treatment procedure of thermally aged P92 steel for full restoration of impact toughness up to original values of normalized and tempered material state. Microstructural observations clearly indicated partial dissolution of the Laves phase precipitates to be the crucial phenomenon that played a key role in restoring the impact toughness.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanostructured Au/NiFe System

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zubar ◽  
Valery Fedosyuk ◽  
Daria Tishkevich ◽  
Oleg Kanafyev ◽  
Ksenia Astapovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Internal Volume ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Nanostructured NiFe film was obtained on silicon with a thin gold sublayer via pulsed electrodeposition and annealed at a temperature from 100 to 400 °C in order to study the effect of heat treatment on the surface microstructure and mechanical properties. High-resolution atomic force microscopy made it possible to trace stepwise evolving microstructure under the influence of heat treatment. It was found that NiFe film grains undergo coalescence twice—at ~100 and ~300 °C—in the process of a gradual increase in grain size. The mechanical properties of the Au/NiFe nanostructured system have been investigated by nanoindentation at two various indentation depths, 10 and 50 nm. The results showed the opposite effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties in the near-surface layer and in the material volume. Surface homogenization in combination with oxidation activation leads to abnormal strengthening and hardening-up of the near-surface layer. At the same time, a nonlinear decrease in hardness and Young’s modulus with increasing temperature of heat treatment characterizes the internal volume of nanostructured NiFe. An explanation of this phenomenon was found in the complex effect of changing the ratio of grain volume/grain boundaries and increasing the concentration of thermally activated diffuse gold atoms from the sublayer to the NiFe film.

Precipitation Behaviour and Mechanical Properties during Short-Term Heat Treatment for Tailor Heat Treated Profiles (THTP) of Aluminium Alloy 6060 T4

2016 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Fröck ◽  
Matthias Graser ◽  
Benjamin Milkereit ◽  
Michael Reich ◽  
Michael Lechner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Precipitation Behaviour ◽  
Dissolution And Precipitation

Precipitation hardening aluminium alloys are widely used for automotive applications. To enhance the application of aluminium profiles, improved formability is needed. Tailor Heat Treated Profiles (THTP) with locally different material properties attempt to increase formability e.g. in bending processes. Tailoring of local properties is obtained by a local short-term heat treatment, dissolving the initial precipitate state (retrogression) and still allowing subsequent ageing. In the present study, the dissolution and precipitation behaviour of the aluminium alloy EN AW-6060 T4 was investigated during heating with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Heating curves from 20 to 600 °C with heating rates of 0.01 up to 5 K/s were recorded. Interrupted heat treatments with different maximum temperatures were performed in a deformation dilatometer. Immediately afterwards, tensile tests were carried out at room temperature. The course of the recorded mechanical properties as a function of the maximum temperature is discussed with regard to the dissolution and precipitation behaviour during heating. Finally, the aging behaviour of the investigated alloy was recorded after different typical short-term heat treatments and is discussed with reference to the DSC‐curves. The correlation of the microstructure and the mechanical properties enables the derivation of optimal parameters for the development of THTP through a local softening.

Comprehensive Material Characterization for an Intermediate Heat Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lechner ◽  
Andreas Kuppert ◽  
Marion Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intermediate Heat Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Encouraged by increasing climate regulations there is a trend to lightweight constructions in the transportation sector, particularly in the automotive industry. An auspicious possibility to reduce the weight of the vehicle is the substitution of conventional steel by aluminum alloys. However, aluminum has a low formability and therefore new technologies have to be found in order to enhance the materials spectrum of application. A new strategy to extend the process limit is the short-term aluminum intermediate heat treatment between two forming operations. Key idea is the partial adaption of the mechanical properties with a short term heat treatment. By the interaction of soft and hard areas the material flow during the forming operation can be improved and the formability can be enhanced. Prerequisite for a successful application of the technology and the numerical simulation is a comprehensive knowledge about the interaction of pre-straining and a subsequent short term heat treatment. Within this paper the mechanical properties in dependency of the two parameters will be presented and a process window for the heat treatment after first forming operations will be derived. Moreover, the influence of batch fluctuations and the impact of ageing will be demonstrated.

Influence of short-term heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of EN AW-6060 T4 extrusion profiles: Part A

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Fröck ◽  
Matthias Graser ◽  
Michael Reich ◽  
Michael Lechner ◽  
Marion Merklein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties
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