scholarly journals Efficacy of a Nickel-Titanium Ultrasonic Instrument for Biofilm Removal in a Simulated Complex Root Canal

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4914
Author(s):  
Young-Ryul Oh ◽  
Hye-Min Ku ◽  
Dohyun Kim ◽  
Su-Jung Shin ◽  
Il-Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Complex Root ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Main Canal

This study evaluated the effectiveness of NiTi ultrasonic tips for Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm removal in simulated complex root canals. Sixty root canal models consisting of a 30-degree curved main canal and two lateral canals were constructed from polydimethylsiloxane and incubated with E. faecalis. Irrigants in root canals were activated using a manual syringe (SI), a stainless steel (SS) instrument, a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) ultrasonic instrument, or a sonic instrument (EA). Instruments of SI, SS, and NiTi-9 groups were placed 9 mm from the apex, whereas those in NiTi-2 and EA groups were placed 2 mm from the apex. The efficacy of each method was determined as the ratio of fluorescence concentration before and after activation. In the apical curved canal, the highest efficacy was found in the NiTi-2 group (99.40%), followed by SI (84.25%), EA (80.38%), SS (76.93%), and NiTi-9 (67.29%) groups. In lateral canals 1 and 2, the efficacy was the highest in the NiTi-2 group and the lowest in the SI group. The NiTi ultrasonic instrument could effectively remove biofilms in the curved canal and lateral canals. This instrument should be introduced close to the working length. An up-and-down motion of the activation instrument is recommended.

scholarly journals Shaping Ability, Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Fractographic Analysis of Hybrid and Reciprocating Nickel Titanium Endodontic Instruments

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius Drukteinis ◽  
Vytaute Peciuliene ◽  
Ruta Bendinskaite ◽  
Vilma Brukiene ◽  
Rasmute Maneliene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Canal Transportation ◽  
Shaping Ability

The aim of this study was to investigate the shaping ability and cyclic fatigue resistance of Genius (GN) and WaveOne (WO) nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments. Forty mesial root canals of mandibular molars were randomly divided into two groups, according to the instrument system used for root canal preparation (n = 20): GN and WO. Root canals were prepared to the full working length using the crown-down technique, with up to 40.04 instruments for GN group and 40.08 instruments for WO group. Specimens were scanned with a µCT before and after instrumentation. The changes in 3D parameters and degree of canal transportation were evaluated in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of root canals. Size 25, taper 0.04 (GN) and 0.08 (WO) instruments (n = 20) were used in simulated root canals until fracturing, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was recorded. The fractured files were investigated under a scanning electron microscope to characterize fractured surfaces. Data were analyzed using ANOVA post hoc Tuckey’s tests with the significance level set at 5%. The GN system was able to prepare the higher percentage of the canal surface with less canal transportation in all root canal thirds and displayed the higher resistance to cyclic fatigue in comparison to WO instruments (p < 0.05). However, the length of the fractured segments was not significantly different among the groups; meanwhile, SEM investigations revealed the typical topographic characteristics of fractured surfaces. Hybrid GN instruments demonstrated superior shaping ability and resistance to cyclic fatigue. However, both NiTi instrument systems prepared the root canals with no significant shaping errors, considerable changes in 3D parameters and no significant differences in the topographic appearances of the instrument surfaces after fractures.

scholarly journals Root canals shaped by nickel-titanium instrumentation with automated computerized numerical control systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Wang ◽  
Wenxiang Li ◽  
Yeon-Jee Yoo ◽  
Shin Hye Chung ◽  
Soram Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Insertion Angle ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Working Length

Abstract Background To investigate the efficacy of a nickel-titanium (NiTi) file with an automated computerized numerical control (CNC) system for root canal shaping. Methods The movement of the automated device and the insertion angle were investigated. In Experiment 1, simulated resin root canals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20): manual downward movement using a handpiece (Group 1), vertical downward movement by CNC (Group 2), reciprocating up and down movement by CNC (Group 3), and spiral up and down movement by CNC (Group 4). In Experiment 2, five different insertion angles of the NiTi file were evaluated (n = 20). Four parameters were used to evaluate the shaping ability: change in the working length, central axis offset, curvature variation, and preparation time. Groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The change in central axis position in the curved part of the root canal was found to be smaller in Group 4 than in other groups (P < 0.05). The curvature changes and preparation time of Groups 1 and 4 were significantly reduced compared with Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). The variation in working length and curvature in the 5° insertion angle group was significantly smaller than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions A spiral up and down movement, controlled by the CNC machine, and 5° insertion angle, maintained original root canal shape more precisely than other methods.

scholarly journals Manual and Rotary Instrumentation Ability to Reduce Enterococcus faecalis Associated with Photodynamic Therapy in Deciduous Molars

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro ◽  
Josianne Neres da Silva ◽  
Rafael Orro Gonçalves ◽  
Karina Teixeira Villalpando
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Deciduous Molars

This aim of this study was to assess the ability of manual or rotary instrumentation associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) to reduce Enterococcus faecalis using three combinations of light/photosensitizers: toluidine blue O/laser, fuchsin/halogen light and fuchsin/LED. Twenty deciduous molars were selected and contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (McFarland 0.5 scale). Working length determination was performed by visual method. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: G1 (n=10): manual instrumentation (Kerr-type files) and G2 (n=10): rotary instrumentation (ProTaper system). The bacteria were collected three times using sterile paper cones compatible with the anatomic diameter of the root canal for 30 s before and after instrumentation and after PDT. The samples were diluted in peptone water, seeded on blood agar plates and incubated in an oven at 37 °C for colony-forming units counting. The decrease of E. faecalis counts after instrumentation and after PDT was compared using the Wilcoxon test, t-test and Kruskal Wallis test. A significant reduction of E. faecalis occurred after manual and rotary instrumentation and after PDT using the three combinations of light/photosensitizer (p<0.05). It may be concluded that both rotary and manual instrumentation reduced E. faecalis. Fuchsin with halogen light or LED irradiation and toluidine blue O with laser irradiation can be used to reduce E. faecalis in root canals of primary molars. PDT can be used as an adjuvant to conventional endodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Endodontic Instrument’s Single use Policy. A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Single Use

Over the last quarter of the century, the place of the stainless steel endodontic instruments was taken slowly and surely by nickel–titanium files, becoming a “must have” instrument “for root canal treatments, even if steel instruments are still being used, mainly at the inception of the root canal treatment. Dentists increasingly use Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) files for their properties that overlap those of stainless steel instruments in cleaning and giving a proper shape to the canal and the filling subsequently. It is well known the fragility and the rigidity of the steel instruments compared with the Ni-Ti ones. These new instruments also increased the speed of the treatment. In the opinion of the majority of the dentists root canal preparation represents a very important and challenging treatment being in close relationship with the following maneuvers like irrigation and filling [1,2]. The primary reason for instrumentation in case of root canals is that the bulk material contained within it needs to be removed [2] that can be ether pulp tissue, infected root dentine or necrotic debris. Hulsmann considers that these two processes, mechanical instrumentation and chemical treatment, cannot be separated and must go hand in hand, referred to as chemo-mechanical treatment [3,4]. Therefore, root canal instruments are indispensable in root canal therapy, even today in the age of implants, stem cells, biologic 3D printers and lasers. Being so useful, reliable, resistant and ultimately, not cheap, the initially single-use instruments got to be reused by a vast number of practitioners because the legislation wide world is not prohibiting it nor imposing the single-use, with very few exceptions.

scholarly journals A microcomputed tomography evaluation of the shaping ability of three thermally-treated nickel-titanium rotary file systems in curved canals

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuwei Huang ◽  
Jingjing Quan ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Xiaolei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
File Systems ◽  
Microcomputed Tomography ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shaping Ability ◽  
Thermally Treated

Objective To evaluate the shaping ability of three thermally-treated rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems including ProTaper Next (PTN), HyFlex™ CM (HFCM) and HyFlex™ EDM (HFEDM) during root canal preparation in simulated root canals. Methods A total of 45 simulated root canals were divided into three groups ( n = 15) and prepared with PTN, HFCM or HFEDM files up to size 25. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to scan the specimens before and after instrumentation. Volume and diameter changes, transportations and centring ratios at 11 levels of the simulated root canals were measured and compared. Results HFEDM caused significantly greater volume increases than HFCM and PTN in the entire root canal and in the apical and middle thirds. HFCM removed the least amount of resin in the coronal third compared with HFEDM and PTN. Overall, HFCM caused significantly less transportation in the apical 2 mm and was better centred than PTN in the apical 3 mm. Conclusion Under the conditions of this study, all systems prepared curved canals without significant shaping errors and instrument fracture. PTN and HFCM cut less resin than HFEDM. HFCM stayed centred apically and cut the least material coronally.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy, Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste and Calcium Hydroxide on Root Canals Infected With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. S23-S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asnaashari ◽  
Mohammad Jafar Eghbal ◽  
Amirali Sahba Yaghmayi ◽  
Mehdi Shokri ◽  
Saranaz Azari-Marhabi
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽  
Working Length

Introduction: A pivotal issue to achieve success in the treatment of the root canal is root canal disinfection. One of the most important bacteria that infect the root canal is Enterococcus faecalis. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of 3 methods for disinfecting the root canal: photodynamic therapy, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and calcium hydroxide. Methods: Sixty-two single-rooted extracted anterior teeth were collected. After cleaning and disinfecting the teeth, their crowns were cut at the CEJ point. The root canals were shaped to the working length up to file F3 ProTaper (F1, F2, F3). EDTA 17% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% were used for 5 minutes to wash and remove the smear layer, and then the apical foramen was sealed using composite. After that, the teeth were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Then 10 samples were taken randomly as the negative control. The remaining samples were immersed and cultivated in a suspension containing E. faecalis for 21 days. Then the samples were divided into 5 groups: 2 positive control groups, 1 group treated with the antibiotic paste with the concentration of 1 mg/mL, 1 group treated with calcium hydroxide, and 1 group treated with photodynamic therapy. Then, to collect the biofilm, the ProTaper file F4 was used. After that, the microbial suspension was provided and counting the colonies was carried out to compare the groups. Results: The findings indicated that the amount of CFU/mg of MTAP samples, including clindamycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin in the concentration of 1 mg/mL and photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide was lower than that in the control group. Antibiotic paste cleansed the root canal up to 99.9%. Photodynamic therapy reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 98.8%, and calcium hydroxide reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 94.13%. Conclusion: Using photodynamic therapy causes a reduction in the biofilm and inhibits the growth of the E. faecalis bacterium. In addition, in this study, MTAP with a concentration of 1 mg/mL was used, which expunged the bacteria completely. Meanwhile, calcium hydroxide had the weakest effect of all on the E. faecalis bacterium.

The Effectiveness of Three Instrumentation Techniques on the Elimination of Entererococcus Faecalis from a Root Canal: An In Vitro Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Çolak ◽  
Sinan Evcil ◽  
Y. Ziya Bayindir ◽  
Nimet Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The in vitro reduction of a bacterial population in a root canal by mechanical instrumentation using three techniques was evaluated. Root canals inoculated with a Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) suspension were instrumented using hand Hedstroem files, Giromatic files, and Hero 642 rotary instruments. Irrigation was performed using sterile saline solution. Root canals were sampled before and after instrumentation. After serial dilutions, samples were plated onto Mitis-Salivarius agar and the colony forming units grown were counted. All instruments tested were able to significantly reduce the number of bacterial cells in the root canal, however, the results of this study indicated that Hedstroem files, Giromatic, and Hero 642 techniques were not significantly different in their ability to reduce intracanal bacteria. Citation Colak M, Evcil S, Bayindir Y, Yigit N. The Effectiveness of Three Instrumentation Techniques on the Elimination of Enterococcus Faecalis from a Root Canal: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:094-106.

scholarly journals Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments (ProTaper Next [PTN], WaveOne Gold [WOG], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) before and after root canal instrumentation. Materials and Methods For each type (PTN, WOG, and PTG), the endodontic instrumentation was performed using extracted mandibular molar teeth’s curved mesial root canals (curvature: 20–40 degrees) after determining the working length. Each NiTi file was cleaned, and sterilized following preparation of four root canals and characterized for surface properties before and after endodontic instrumentation using a contact-mode three-dimensional surface profiler. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for SR parameters including average surface roughness value (Sa), root mean square roughness (Sq), and peak to valley height (Sz). Results Preinstrumentation assessment revealed a significant difference for all the three SR variables (p < 0.05) for the cutting blade and the flute area. WOG instruments showed the highest SR values (p = 0.000). The postinstrumentation assessment revealed significant differences in SR values in the blade and the flute between the three groups (p < 0.05), with WOG and PTG exhibiting the highest values in the blade and flute sections, respectively. Conclusions The SR parameters of intact PTN, WOG, and PTG NiTi files vary and that was increased following the endodontic instrumentation.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Analysis of Curved Root Canal Preparation Using Continuous or Reciprocating Nickel-titanium Instruments

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iussif Mamede-Neto ◽  
Álvaro Henrique Borges ◽  
Ana Helena Gonçalves Alencar ◽  
Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte ◽  
Manoel Damião Sousa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Canal Transportation

Objective: To evaluate transportation (T) and centering ability (CA) of root canal preparations using continuous or reciprocating nickel-titanium endodontic files. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular first and second molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=16) according to the rotary file used: 1. ProTaper Next; 2. ProTaper Gold; 3. Mtwo; 4. BioRaCe; 5. WaveOne Gold; 6. Reciproc. Root canals were prepared according to manufacturer’s instructions. Cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained before and after root canal preparation. Measurements were made at six different reference points: 2, 3 and 4 mm from the apex and 2, 3 and 4 mm below furcation in different directions. Results: The greatest Mesiodistal (MD) Transportation (T) was found for Reciproc files (p<0.05), and the greatest buccolingual (BL) T, for Reciproc, ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Next files (p<0.05). The greatest Mesiodistal (MD) Centering Ability (CA) was found for BioRaCe files (p<0.05), and the greatest Buccolingual (BL) CA, for BioRaCe and Mtwo files (p<0.05). Conclusion: All systems produced root canal transportation. No file system achieved perfect CA of root preparation. Reciproc files had the greatest MD T and BL T. BioRaCe files had the greatest MD CA, whereas BL CA was similar for BioRaCe and Mtwo files.

scholarly journals Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of the effect of the final apical size prepared by rotary nickel-titanium files on the removal efficacy of hard-tissue debris

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Xu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Nan Gen ◽  
Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Before And After

Objective This study was performed to compare the removal efficacy of hard-tissue debris in mandibular first molars prepared to various apical sizes. Methods The mesial root canals of 40 extracted mandibular first molars were prepared by rotary nickel-titanium files to an apical size of #25/0.04 (Group #2504), #30/0.04 (Group #3004), #35/0.04 (Group #3504), and #40/0.04 (Group #4004). Irrigation was performed with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Micro-computed tomography was used to scan the samples before and after root canal preparation. Remnant hard-tissue debris was identified, quantified, and visualized three-dimensionally using shape recognition and image superimposition analysis, and the debris was mapped to its location. Results After preparation, 11.67%±2.99% of the root canals contained hard-tissue debris in Group #2504, 8.00%±2.71% in Group #3004, 7.17%±2.88% in Group #3504, and 4.51%±1.61% in Group #4004. The amount of accumulated hard-tissue debris was significantly less in Group #4004 than in the other groups. However, there were no significant differences between Groups #3004 and #3504. Conclusions An increased final apical size resulted in significantly lower debris accumulation. However, no root canal in any group was completely free from hard-tissue debris, and debris was mostly found in the isthmus of the mesial root canals.

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