scholarly journals Pressure-Dependent Tuning of Photoluminescence and Size Distribution of Carbon Nanodots for Theranostic Anticancer Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4899
Author(s):  
Nicolò Mauro ◽  
Mara Andrea Utzeri ◽  
Gianpiero Buscarino ◽  
Alice Sciortino ◽  
Fabrizio Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Surface Diameter ◽  
Fixed Composition

Carbon nanodots (CDs) have recently attracted attention in the field of nanomedicine because of the biocompatibility, cost-effective nature, high specific surface, good near infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion into heat and tunable fluorescence properties, which have paved the way toward incorporating use of CDs into innovative anticancer theranostic platforms. However, a reliable synthesis of CDs with established and controlled physiochemical proprieties is precluded owing to the lack of full manipulation of thermodynamic parameters during the synthesis, thus limiting their use in real world medical applications. Herein, we developed a robust solvothermal protocol which allow fine controlling of temperature and pressure in order to obtain CDs with tunable properties. We obtained different CDs by modulating the operating pressure (from 8 to 18.5 bar) during the solvothermal decomposition of urea and citric acid in N,N-dimethylformamide at fixed composition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to assess the role of pressure in influencing size, optical and surface properties of the obtained CDs. While preliminary biological and anticancer performance of CDs was established on the MDA-MB-231 cell line, used as triple negative breast cancer model. Our results indicate that pressure impinge on the formation of carbon nanoparticles under solvothermal conditions and impart desired optical, size distribution, surface functionalization and anticancer properties in a facile way. However, we have highlighted that a strategic surface engineering of these CDs is needed to limit the adsorption of corona proteins and also to increase the average surface diameter, avoiding a rapid renal clearance and improving their therapeutic efficacy in vivo.

Development of Natural Bioactive Alkaloids: Anticancer perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Ravi Vanecha ◽  
Jay Patel ◽  
Divy Patel ◽  
Umang Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Antimetastatic Activity ◽  
New Chemical Entities

: Cancer is a frightful disease that still poses a 'nightmare' worldwide, causing millions of casualties annually due to one of the human race's most significant healthcare challenges that requires a pragmatic treatment strategy. However, plants and plant-derived products revolutionize the field as they are quick, cleaner, eco-friendly, low-cost, effective, and less toxic than conventional treatment methods. Plants are repositories for new chemical entities and have a promising cancer research path, supplying 60% of the anticancer agents currently used. Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery and development. However, some alkaloids derived from natural herbs display anti-proliferation and antimetastatic activity on different forms of cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Alkaloids have also been widely formulated as anticancer medications, such as camptothecin and vinblastine. Still, more research and clinical trials are required before final recommendations can be made on specific alkaloids. This review focuses on the naturally-derived bioactive alkaloids with prospective anticancer properties based on the information in the literature.

Monitoring the performance of a broad-based calibration for measuring the nutritive value of two independent populations of pasture using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Smith ◽  
PC Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance

Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid and cost-effective method for the measurement of organic constituents of agricultural products. NIR is widely used to measure feed quality around the world and is gaining acceptance in Australia. This study describes the development of an NIR calibration to measure crude protein (CP), predicted in vivo dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in temperate pasture species grown in south-western Victoria. A subset of 116 samples was selected on the basis of spectral characteristics from 461 pasture samples grown in 1987-89. Several grass and legume species were present in the population. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used on the 116 samples to develop calibration equations with standard errors of 0.8,2.3 and 2.2% for CP, NDF and IVDMD, respectively. When these equations were tested on 2 independent pasture populations, a significant bias existed between NIR and reference values for 2 constituents in each population, indicating that the calibration samples did not adequately represent the new populations for these constituents. The results also showed that the H statistic alone was inadequate as an indicator of equation performance. It was confirmed that it was possible to develop a broad-based calibration to measure accurately the nutritive value of closed populations of temperate pasture species. For the resulting equations to be used for analysis of other populations, however, they must be monitored by comparing reference and NIR analyses on a small number of samples to check for the presence of bias or a significant increase in unexplained error.

scholarly journals Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Displacement

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Ramzan Ullah ◽  
Karl Doerfer ◽  
Pawjai Khampang ◽  
Faraneh Fathi ◽  
Wenzhou Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Proper ventilation of a patient with an endotracheal tube (ETT) requires proper placement of the ETT. We present a sensitive, noninvasive, operator-free, and cost-effective optical sensor, called Opt-ETT, for the real-time assessment of ETT placement and alerting of the clinical care team should the ETT become displaced. The Opt-ETT uses a side-firing optical fiber, a near-infrared light-emitting diode, two photodetectors with an integrated amplifier, an Arduino board, and a computer loaded with a custom LabVIEW program to monitor the position of the endotracheal tube inside the windpipe. The Opt-ETT generates a visual and audible warning if the tube moves over a distance set by the operator. Displacement prediction is made using a second-order polynomial fit to the voltages measured from each detector. The system is tested on ex vivo porcine tissues, and the accuracy is determined to be better than 1.0 mm. In vivo experiments with a pig are conducted to test the performance and usability of the system.

scholarly journals Precise Engineering of Cisplatin Prodrug Into Supramolecular Nanoparticles: Enhanced on in Vitro Antiproliferative Activity and Treatment and Care of in Vivo Renal Injury 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyun Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a widespread type of urological tumor that derives from the highly heterogeneous epithelium of the kidney tissue. For the past decade, the treatment of kidney cancer cells has changed clinical care for RCC. Herein, we present a very easy and cost-effective method that incorporates tumor-specific targeting supramolecular nanoassembly, and therapeutically to overcome the different challenges raised by the distribution of the pharmaceutical potential anticancer drug Cisplatin (CIS-PT). On covalent conjugations of hydrophobic linoleic acid by carboxylic group, the CIS-PT prodrugs were skilled in impulsively nanoassembly into extremely steady nanoparticles size (~100 nm). Electron microscopic techniques have verified the newly synthesized morphology of CIS-PT-NPs. The anticancer properties of CIS-PT and CIS-PT-NPs against Caki-1 and A-498 (renal carcinoma) cancer cell lines have been evaluated after successful synthesis. Other research, such as dual staining acridine orange/ethidium bromide, Hoechst 33344 and flow cytometry study on the apoptosis mechanisms, have shown that proliferation in renal cancer cells is associated with apoptosis. Further the In vivo toxicity results displays the CIS-PT-NPs remarkably alleviated the toxicity of the potential anticancer drug CIS-PT In vivo while conserving the Pharmaceutical activity. Compared to CIS-PT, CIS-PT-NPs demonstrate excellent In vitro and In vivo property, this study clarified the CIS-PT-NPs as a healthy and positive RCC care chemotherapeutics technique and deserve further clinical evaluations.

In vivo imaging of tumour bearing near-infrared fluorescence-emitting carbon nanodots derived from tire soot

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (87) ◽  
pp. 10290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Young Ko ◽  
Young Wook Chang ◽  
Gokul Paramasivam ◽  
Myoung Seok Jeong ◽  
Sujeong Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Near Infrared Fluorescence ◽  
Tumour Bearing

scholarly journals Therapeutic Emergence of Rhein as a Potential Anticancer Drug: A Review of Its Molecular Targets and Anticancer Properties

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahu Henamayee ◽  
Kishore Banik ◽  
Bethsebie Lalduhsaki Sailo ◽  
Bano Shabnam ◽  
Choudhary Harsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second-highest cause of mortality in the world, and it kills nearly 9.6 million people annually. Besides the fatality of the disease, poor prognosis, cost of conventional therapies, and associated side-effects add more burden to patients, post-diagnosis. Therefore, the search for alternatives for the treatment of cancer that are safe, multi-targeted, effective, and cost-effective has compelled us to go back to ancient systems of medicine. Natural herbs and plant formulations are laden with a variety of phytochemicals. One such compound is rhein, which is an anthraquinone derived from the roots of Rheum spp. and Polygonum multiflorum. In ethnomedicine, these plants are used for the treatment of inflammation, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and bacterial and helminthic infections. Increasing evidence suggests that this compound can suppress breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Recent studies have reported that this compound modulates different signaling cascades in cancer cells and can prevent angiogenesis and progression of different types of cancers. The present review highlights the cancer-preventing and therapeutic properties of rhein based on the available literature, which will help to extend further research to establish the chemoprotective and therapeutic roles of rhein compared to other conventional drugs. Future pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies could support this compound as an effective anticancer agent.

Formation and Structure of Casein Micelles in Lactating Mammary Tissue

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Robert J. Carroll ◽  
Marvin P. Thompson ◽  
Harold M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
The Stability

Milk is an unusually stable colloidal system; the stability of this system is due primarily to the formation of micelles by the major milk proteins, the caseins. Numerous models for the structure of casein micelles have been proposed; these models have been formulated on the basis of in vitro studies. Synthetic casein micelles (i.e., those formed by mixing the purified αsl- and k-caseins with Ca2+ in appropriate ratios) are dissimilar to those from freshly-drawn milks in (i) size distribution, (ii) ratio of Ca/P, and (iii) solvation (g. water/g. protein). Evidently, in vivo organization of the caseins into the micellar form occurs in-a manner which is not identical to the in vitro mode of formation.

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667
Author(s):  
Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽  
John Y. Lin ◽  
Erik A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document