scholarly journals Obsidian as a Raw Material for Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Zeolites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4633
Author(s):  
Claudia Belviso ◽  
Davide Peddis ◽  
Gaspare Varvaro ◽  
Maryam Abdolrahimi ◽  
Andrea Pietro Reverberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Zeolite Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Zeolite Formation ◽  
Synthetic Zeolites ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

A sample of rhyolitic obsidian (OS) was used as raw material for zeolite synthesis by long (4 days) and fast (2 h)-aging hydrothermal processes. Zeolite synthesis was also performed by a fast (2 h) sonication method. The products were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) both immediately after and 3 years after their formation in order to determine the stability of synthetic materials according to the method used. The results confirm zeolitization of obsidian both by long-aging conventional hydrothermal heating and fast hydrothermal process. However, the data highlight the efficiency of direct ultrasound energy in achieving more stable zeolite crystals over time. These results carried out using a natural source, follow those already obtained using wastes and pure sources as raw materials thus providing a definitive validation of the different mechanisms controlling zeolite formation according to the process used. Moreover, the results confirm the effectiveness of ultrasonic energy in the formation of zeolites that are more stable over time. Due to the chemical composition of the obsidian precursor, all synthetic zeolites show good magnetic properties (i.e., saturation magnetization), in view to potential magnetic separation.

Study on Influence of Silicate Morphology Based on pH Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Ya Jing Liu ◽  
Yong Lin Cao ◽  
Li Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Stability

Infra-red absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction observations and characterization tests based on silicon molybdenum colorimetric method were used to investigate the optimal pH value controlling the stability of the silicic acid form. The experiment process was done by using sodium silicate as raw material. The results showed that the solution of silicate influenced the polymerization. The active silicic acid solution with a certain degree of polymerization was obtained by controlling the pH values.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Material Based on Red Clay and Silica Gel Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 931-943
Author(s):  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Danute Vaiciukyniene
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Alkali Activated

Abstract The search for alternative alumosilicates source for production of alkali activated materials (AAM) is intensively researched. Wide spread of natural materials such as clays and waste materials are one of potential alternatives. In this research AAM was made from local waste brick made of red clay and calcined low-carbonate illite clay precursor and its properties evaluated. Waste silica gel containing amorphous silica from fertilizer production plant was proposed as additional raw material. 6 M and 7 M NaOH alkali activation solutions were used to obtain AAM. Raw materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analyser, DTA/TG. Raw illite clay was calcined at a temperature of 700 to 800 °C. Waste brick was ground similar as raw clay and powder was obtained. Replacement of red clay with silica gel from 2–50 wt.% in mixture composition was evaluated. Results indicate that the most effective activator was 6 M NaOH solution and AAM with strength up to 13 MPa was obtained. Ground brick had the highest strength results and compressive strength of AAM reached 25 MPa. Silica gel in small quantities had little effect of AAM strength while significant strength reduction was observed with the increase silica gel content. The efflorescence was observed for samples with silica gel.

scholarly journals Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mar Rey-Solé ◽  
Maria Pilar García-Argüelles ◽  
Jordi Nadal ◽  
Xavier Mangado ◽  
Anders Scherstén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

Low-Cost Synthesis and Morphology Control of Magnesium Oxysulfate Hydrate Whiskers

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 986-991
Author(s):  
Chuan Hui Gao ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Yu Min Wu ◽  
Chuan Xing Wang ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnesium Oxysulfate

A low-cost raw material, bittern obtained from the production process of sea salt, was used to prepare magnesium oxysulfate hydrate (MgSO4·5Mg (OH)2·2H2O, abbreviated as 152MOS) whiskers via hydrothermal synthesis with ammonia and magnesium sulfate as the other starting raw materials. The bittern was firstly filtered and then used directly without de-coloring. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to investigate the composition and morphology of the products. It was found that the 152MOS whiskers synthesized from bittern at 190°C for 3 hours exhibited fanlike morphology. The formation of the fanlike whiskers was inhibited and most of the whiskers presented as single fibers when ethanol was used as crystal control agent in the hydrothermal process. From the two-dimensional steps observed at tips of the whiskers, a possible growth mechanism was speculated that it was the extension of dislocations that made the growth of the whiskers.

scholarly journals Use of basaltic waste as red ceramic raw material

Cerâmica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (362) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Mendes ◽  
G. Morales ◽  
P. J. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructure Evaluation ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Nowadays, environmental codes restrict the emission of particulate matters, which result in these residues being collected by plant filters. This basaltic waste came from construction aggregate plants located in the Metropolitan Region of Londrina (State of Paraná, Brazil). Initially, the basaltic waste was submitted to sieving (< 75 μm) and the powder obtained was characterized in terms of density and particle size distribution. The plasticity of ceramic mass containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of basaltic waste was measured by Atterberg method. The chemical composition of ceramic formulations containing 0% and 20% of basaltic waste was determined by X-ray fluorescence. The prismatic samples were molded by extrusion and fired at 850 °C. The specimens were also tested to determine density, water absorption, drying and firing shrinkages, flexural strength, and Young's modulus. Microstructure evaluation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Basaltic powder has similar physical and chemical characteristics when compared to other raw materials, and contributes to ceramic processing by reducing drying and firing shrinkage. Mechanical performance of mixtures containing basaltic powder is equivalent to mixtures without waste. Microstructural aspects such as pore size distribution were modified by basaltic powder; albite phase related to basaltic powder was identified by X-ray diffraction.

Effect of Barium Aluminates on Acid Resistance of Fracturing Proppants

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3291-3297
Author(s):  
Shiao Zhao ◽  
Bo Lin Wu ◽  
Shuo Qin ◽  
Yan Rong Zhao ◽  
Zu Sheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Free System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Solubility ◽  
Industrial Standards

In order to explore the effect of removing siliceous components on acid resistance of fracturing proppants, acid resistance of fracturing proppants in a new silicon-free system was studied in this paper. The fracturing proppants were made by pressureless sintering using high-purity alumina and barium carbonate as the basic raw material. Acid resistance test was carried out in 12 wt% HCl + 3 wt% HF at 65 oC for 30 minutes according to The Petroleum and Gas Industrial Standards of China (SY/T5108-2006) and morphology, structure and chemical analysis of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Experiments show that fracturing proppants that contain barium aluminates have better acid resistance. The acid solubility of the samples is less than 3%, especially when the content of barium carbonate is about 10% (mass fraction, the same below), the acid solubility of the sample reaches 0.52% which is far beyond the demands (5%) of the Standards of SY/T5108-2006. Results prove that the removal of siliceous components of raw materials can prominently improve the acid resistance of fracturing proppants. It can provide a new referential thought for improving the acid resistance of fracturing proppants.

An Inexpensive, Stable and Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Degradation of Organic Dyes in Water: Core-Shell Montmorillonite-TiO2 Colloids

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Shi Zhao Kang ◽  
Tan Wu ◽  
Xiang Qing Li ◽  
Yi Lun Zhou ◽  
Jin Mu
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Stability

Core-shell montmorillonite-TiO2 colloids were prepared in a hydrothermal process and characterized with transmission electron microscope, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and UV-vis spectra. Afterwards, their photocatalytic activity was investigated under UV irradiation using methyl orange as a model contaminant. In addition, the stability of the core-shell montmorillonite-TiO2 colloids was investigated by repeatedly performing methyl orange photocatalytic degradation experiments. The results indicate the as-prepared core-shell montmorillonite-TiO2 colloids are a highly efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dyes in water. And this photocatalytic activity remains almost unchanged after eight successive cycles.

scholarly journals LAMİNASYON TEKNİĞİ İLE ÜRETİLEN FİLMLERE UYGULANAN TEKRARLI YIKAMALARIN, PARLAKLIK, LAMİNASYON KUVVETİ VE OPTİK DANSİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ AÇISINDAN ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
Elif Yılmaz ◽  
Sevda Altaş ◽  
Nildeniz Adman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Rectangular Form ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Textile Products

Metalized yarns are produced by cutting the films in different thicknesses, metalized with aluminum on one or both sides, in a rectangular form in the desired dimensions and wrapping them on bobbins under a certain tension. Textile products made of these yarns are exposed to repetitive washings like most textile products; metal surfaces of metalized yarns are abraded over time, their bright appearance decreases or disappears. It is undesirable because it affects the lifetime of the final product. In the study, laminated films were produced by the lamination technique using different raw materials to produce metalized yarns with the improved fastness and mechanical properties. Laminated films were subjected to repetitive washings at different temperatures, and the effects of washings on the surface appearance of the films, lamination strength, and optical density properties were examined. As a result of the study, it was determined that repetitive washings reduce the lamination strength, the gloss property is affected by raw material type, the sample type, washing temperature, and the number of washing cycles affect the optical density.

scholarly journals Personal adornments from the Eneolithic necropolis of Chirnogi-Suvita Iorgulescu (Romania):

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 398-413
Author(s):  
Monica Margarit ◽  
Madalina Dimache
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Perforated Plates ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
High Terrace ◽  
The One ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Over Time

The Necropolis of Chirnogi – Suvita Iorgulescu (Calarasi county) was located on the high terrace of the Danube and was investigated by Done Serba˘nescu (in 1989) by means of the archaeological excavations carried out for the construction of the Danube-Bucharest Channel. For this study, we analysed the archaeological assemblage preserved in the Museum of Gumelnita civilization from Oltenita (Calarasi county) coming from 10 graves, out of a total of 58, which are attributed to the Gumelnita culture (the second half of the 5th millennium BC). The personal adornments are mainly bracelets made of Spondylus valve (16 specimens) which appear in most of the graves, along with an equal number of perforated plates made of Sus scrofa canine, this time the pieces being grouped into two graves. The funeral inventory is complemented by small cylindrical, tubular or biconvex beads, made of various raw materials: Spondylus valve, bone, malachite, cooper and green slate. At the technical level, attention is drawn towards the technological transformation scheme of the raw material, which is extremely uniform for the two main categories of ornaments. Also, the analysed pieces showed different degrees of use-wear, demonstrating on the one hand that they were worn before the deposition in graves, and on the other that the accumulationof these items took place over time.

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