scholarly journals In Vitro Properties of Manganese-Substituted Tricalcium Phosphate Coatings for Titanium Biomedical Implants Deposited by Arc Plasma

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna V. Fadeeva ◽  
Vasilii I. Kalita ◽  
Dmitry I. Komlev ◽  
Alexei A. Radiuk ◽  
Alexander S. Fomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
L929 Cell ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
X Ray

Bioactive manganese (Mn)-doped ceramic coatings for intraosseous titanium (Ti) implants are developed. Arc plasma deposition procedure is used for coatings preparation. X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) methods are applied for coatings characterization. The coatings are homogeneous, composed of the main phase α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) (about 67%) and the minor phase hydroxyapatite (about 33%), and the Mn content is 2.3 wt%. EPR spectroscopy demonstrates that the Mn ions are incorporated in the TCP structure and are present in the coating in Mn2+ and Mn3+ oxidation states, being aggregated in clusters. The wetting contact angle of the deposited coatings is suitable for cells’ adhesion and proliferation. In vitro soaking in physiological solution for 90 days leads to a drastic change in phase composition; the transformation into calcium carbonate and octacalcium phosphate takes place, and no more Mn is present. The absence of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains is observed. A study of the metabolic activity of mouse fibroblasts of the NCTC L929 cell line on the coatings using the MTT (dye compound 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test demonstrates that there is no toxic effect on the cell culture. Moreover, the coating material supports the adhesion and proliferation of the cells. A good adhesion, spreading, and proliferative activity of the human tooth postnatal dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) is demonstrated. The developed coatings are promising for implant application in orthopedics and dentistry.

Characterisation and In Vitro Bioactivity of UV-Treated Anodised Titanium

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 450-454
Author(s):  
Te Chuan Lee ◽  
M.F.M. Rathi ◽  
M.Y.Z. Abidin ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah ◽  
Maizlinda Izwana Idris
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Disodium Salt ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Films ◽  
Titanium Foils

Anodic oxidation is an electrochemical method for the production of ceramic films on a metallic substrate. It has been widely used to deposit the ceramic coatings on the metals surface. Recently, ultraviolet (UV) light treatment is gaining recognition as a new potential surface treatment method. This study aims to investigate the effect of UV light treatment on the surface properties and in vitro bioactivity of anodised titanium. At first, the titanium foils were anodised in mixture of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP) and calcium acetate monohydrate (CA). Subsequently, the anodised titanium was pre-treated with UVA lamp (peak wavelength of 365 nm) and immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and goniometer were used to characterise the surface properties, crystallinity and surface wettability of untreated titanium (UT), anodised titanium (AT) and UV-treated anodised titanium (UTAT). UTAT became more hydrophilic if compared to the UAT. The result of SBF showed that bone-like apatite was precipitated on the surface of UTAT. The results indicated that hydrophilic surface is able to accelerate the growth of bone-like apatite.

Sem Analysis of Clad-Ceramic Coatings after Hot Corrosion Testing

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
C. D. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Metal Substrate ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Gas System ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) have been used to study protective coatings on metals. Recently much interest has been generated in regard to the suitability of clad materials for application in a dynamic hot corrosive gas system. This interest stems not only from a standpoint of corrosion reduction (durability) but also from a standpoint of economics (reduction of consumption of scarce resources). Attention, therefore, is now being given to a class of materials that are arc plasma sprayed (APS) on metals. The APS technique produces a strong bond between the substrate material and the coating. This is due to oxide film break-down of the ASP material and the metal substrate at extremely high temperatures.

Surface Modified β-Tricalcium Phosphate Enhanced Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation in Vitro and Bone Regeneration in Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheuk Sing Choy ◽  
Wei Fang Lee ◽  
Pei Ying Lin ◽  
Yi-Fan Wu ◽  
Haw-Ming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Particles

Abstract In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies had demonstrated Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity in bone regeneration. The present research aimed to enhance β-TCP's biocompatibility and physical and chemical properties by argon plasma surface treatment without surface modification. Treated β-TCP characterization was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization. The viability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteoblastic differentiation were determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salts-1 (WST-1), immunofluorescence, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated a slight enhancement of the β-TCP by argon glow discharge plasma (GDP) sputtering, which resulted in a higher Ca/P ratio (2.05) than the control. Furthermore, when compared withcontrol β-TCP, we observed an improvement of WST-1 on all days (p < 0.05) as well as of ALP activity (day 7, p < 0.05), with up-regulation of ALP, osteocalcin, and Osteoprotegerin osteogenic genes in cells cultured with the β-TCP test. XPS and SEM analyses indicated treated β-TCP’s surface was not modified when impurities were removed. In vivo, micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis indicated that the β-TCP test managed to regenerate more new bone than the β-TCP control and was able to control defects at 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Argon GDP treatment is a viable method for removing macro and micro particles of <7 μm in size from β-TCP bigger particles surfaces while improving its biocompatibility with slight surface roughness modification, enhancing hMSCs proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, and stimulating more new bone formation.

scholarly journals Bioactive and bioresorbable cellular cubic-composite scaffolds for use in bone reconstruction

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 805-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Shikinami ◽  
Kenshi Okazaki ◽  
Makoto Saito ◽  
Masaki Okuno ◽  
Shin Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Assay ◽  
A Cell

We used a novel composite fibre-precipitation method to create bioactive and bioresorbable cellular cubic composites containing calcium phosphate (CaP) particles (unsintered and uncalcined hydroxyapatite (u-HA), α-tricalcium phosphate, β-tricalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, dicalcium phosphate anhydrate or octacalcium phosphate) in a poly- d / l -lactide matrix. The CaP particles occupied greater than or equal to 70 wt% (greater than or equal to 50 vol%) fractions within the composites. The porosities of the cellular cubic composites were greater than or equal to 70% and interconnective pores accounted for greater than or equal to 70% of these values. In vitro changes in the cellular geometries and physical properties of the composites were evaluated over time. The Alamar Blue assay was used to measure osteoblast proliferation, while the alkaline phosphatase assay was used to measure osteoblast differentiation. Cellular cubic C-u-HA70, which contained 70 wt% u-HA particles in a 30 wt% poly- d / l -lactide matrix, showed the greatest three-dimensional cell affinity among the materials tested. This composite had similar compressive strength and cellular geometry to cancellous bone, could be modified intraoperatively (by trimming or heating) and was able to form cortico-cancellous bone-like hybrids. The osteoinductivity of C-u-HA70, independent of biological growth factors, was confirmed by implantation into the back muscles of beagles. Our results demonstrated that C-u-HA70 has the potential as a cell scaffold or temporary hard-tissue substitute for clinical use in bone reconstruction.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy of amino acid absorption and transport by the small intestine: inhibition by chemical poisons and correlation to the elemental composition of the epithelial cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Transport Studies

The elemental composition of amino acids is similar to that of the major structural components of the epithelial cells of the small intestine and other tissues. Therefore, their subcellular localization and concentration measurements are not possible by x-ray microanalysis. Radioactive isotope labeling: I131-tyrosine, Se75-methionine and S35-methionine have been successfully employed in numerous absorption and transport studies. The latter two have been utilized both in vitro and vivo, with similar results in the hamster and human small intestine. Non-radioactive Selenomethionine, since its absorption/transport behavior is assumed to be the same as that of Se75- methionine and S75-methionine could serve as a compound tracer for this amino acid.

Preparation of cultured astrocytes for x-ray microanalysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 988-989
Author(s):  
N.K.R. Smith ◽  
K.E. Hunter ◽  
P. Mobley ◽  
L.P. Felpel
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ultimate Objective

Electron probe energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (XRMA) offers a powerful tool for the determination of intracellular elemental content of biological tissue. However, preparation of the tissue specimen , particularly excitable central nervous system (CNS) tissue , for XRMA is rather difficult, as dissection of a sample from the intact organism frequently results in artefacts in elemental distribution. To circumvent the problems inherent in the in vivo preparation, we turned to an in vitro preparation of astrocytes grown in tissue culture. However, preparations of in vitro samples offer a new and unique set of problems. Generally, cultured cells, growing in monolayer, must be harvested by either mechanical or enzymatic procedures, resulting in variable degrees of damage to the cells and compromised intracel1ular elemental distribution. The ultimate objective is to process and analyze unperturbed cells. With the objective of sparing others from some of the same efforts, we are reporting the considerable difficulties we have encountered in attempting to prepare astrocytes for XRMA.Tissue cultures of astrocytes from newborn C57 mice or Sprague Dawley rats were prepared and cultured by standard techniques, usually in T25 flasks, except as noted differently on Cytodex beads or on gelatin. After different preparative procedures, all samples were frozen on brass pins in liquid propane, stored in liquid nitrogen, cryosectioned (0.1 μm), freeze dried, and microanalyzed as previously reported.

Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Oscillating Microtubules

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Ron Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Entire Solution ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Ray Scattering

Microtubules form part of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. They are hollow libers of about 25 nm diameter made up of 13 protofilaments, each of which consists of a chain of heterodimers of α-and β-tubulin. Microtubules can be assembled in vitro at 37°C in the presence of GTP which is hydrolyzed during the reaction, and they are disassembled at 4°C. In contrast to most other polymers microtubules show the behavior of “dynamic instability”, i.e. they can switch between phases of growth and phases of shrinkage, even at an overall steady state [1]. In certain conditions an entire solution can be synchronized, leading to autonomous oscillations in the degree of assembly which can be observed by X-ray scattering (Fig. 1), light scattering, or electron microscopy [2-5]. In addition such solutions are capable of generating spontaneous spatial patterns [6].In an earlier study we have analyzed the structure of microtubules and their cold-induced disassembly by cryo-EM [7]. One result was that disassembly takes place by loss of protofilament fragments (tubulin oligomers) which fray apart at the microtubule ends. We also looked at microtubule oscillations by time-resolved X-ray scattering and proposed a reaction scheme [4] which involves a cyclic interconversion of tubulin, microtubules, and oligomers (Fig. 2). The present study was undertaken to answer two questions: (a) What is the nature of the oscillations as seen by time-resolved cryo-EM? (b) Do microtubules disassemble by fraying protofilament fragments during oscillations at 37°C?

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