scholarly journals The Transmittance Modulation of ZnO/Cu/ZnO Transparent Conductive Electrodes Prepared on Glass Substrates

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Dooho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Average Transmittance ◽  
Optimized Conditions

With the explosive development of optoelectronic devices, the need for high-performance transparent conductive (TCE) electrodes for optoelectronic devices has been increasing accordingly. The two major TCE requirements are (1) visible light average transmittance higher than 80% and (2) sheet resistance lower than 10 Ω/sq. In this study, we investigated the critical role of the top and bottom ZnO thicknesses for the ZnO/Cu/ZnO electrodes prepared on glass substrates. It was shown that the required Cu thickness to meet the conductivity requirement is 8 nm, which was fixed and then the thicknesses of the top and ZnO layers were independently varied to experimentally determine the optimized conditions for optical transparency. The thicknesses of the top and bottom ZnO layers were both found to significantly affect the peak transmittance as well as the average visible light transmittance. The ZnO/Cu/ZnO electrode exhibits peak and average transmittance of 95.4% and 87.4%, excluding the transmittance of glass substrates, along with a sheet resistance of 9.7 Ω/sq, with a corresponding Haacke’s figure of merit (φH=Tave10Rs) of 0.064, which exceeds the reported value for the ZnO/Cu/ZnO electrodes, manifesting the need of experimental optimization in this study.

In situ synthesis of hierarchical nitrogen-doped MoS2 microsphere with an excellent visible light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen fixation ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 2051031
Author(s):  
Abulikemu Abulizi ◽  
Hujiabudula Maimaitizi ◽  
Dilinuer Talifu ◽  
Yalkunjan Tursun
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Visible Light Driven

A photocatalyst of high-performance hierarchical nitrogen-doped MoS2 (N-MoS2) microsphere was fabricated by an in situ hydrothermal method in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The as-prepared N-MoS2 microsphere was self-assembled by extremely thin interleaving petals, where CTAB acts as a nucleation site for the formation of the interleaving petals due to the strong interaction between CTA+ and [Formula: see text]. N-MoS2 showed higher N2 fixation ability (101.2 [Formula: see text] mol/g(cat)h) than the non-doped MoS2 under the visible light irradiation, and the improved photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to that the doped N narrows the band gap, and the surface reflecting and scattering effect caused by the hierarchical structure enhance the light adsorption. The trapping experiment of active species was also investigated to evaluate the role of photogenerated electrons in the photocatalytic reaction process. Meanwhile, the possible mechanism for the formation and excellent photocatalytic performance of N-MoS2 microsphere were also presented.

The critical role of materials metrology in engineering

1987 ◽  
Vol 322 (1567) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
Industrial Standards

This paper analyses the critical underpinning role of materials research and testing for contemporary engineering and future technologies. It is obvious that measurements, tests and evaluations of materials and components, i.e. materials metrologies, are crucial to provide the information and data needed to optimize the function of engineering structures. The industrial needs and research trends in materials metrology are reviewed, and recent BAM-developments of measuring techniques for high-technology sectors, like high-temperature technology or high-performance ceramics, are presented. Finally, the relevance of an appropriate metrological base for the establishment of industrial standards, agreed codes of practice and the harmonization of test procedures for the international trade of technical products is discussed.

Critical role of atomic-scale defect disorders for high-performance nanostructured half-Heusler thermoelectric alloys and their thermal stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Jae Lee ◽  
Kyu Hyoung Lee ◽  
Liangwei Fu ◽  
GyeongTak Han ◽  
Hyun-Sik Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Atomic Scale

scholarly journals Critical Role of H-Aggregation for High-Efficiency Photoinduced Charge Generation in Pristine Pentamethine Cyanine Salts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Cameron Fish ◽  
Juan Manuel Moreno-Naranjo ◽  
Andreas Billion ◽  
Daniel Kratzert ◽  
Erwin Hack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Transient Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Charge Generation ◽  
Femtosecond Transient Absorption ◽  
Photoinduced Charge

The mechanism of photoinduced symmetry-breaking charge separation in solid cyanine salts at the base of organic photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices is still debated. Here, we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy...

High performance visible light photodetector based on TlInSSe single crystal for optoelectronic devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 105816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Taukeer Khan ◽  
I M Ashraf ◽  
F Abdel-Wahab ◽  
M F Sanaa ◽  
M S Awad Al-Juman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices

Growth of c-plane and m-plane aluminium-doped zinc oxide thin films: epitaxy on flexible substrates with cubic-structure seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Yongkuan Li ◽  
Xinxing Liu ◽  
Dan Wen ◽  
Kai Lv ◽  
Gang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Electrical Polarity ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Tin Oxide Films

Manufacturing high-quality zinc oxide (ZnO) devices demands control of the orientation of ZnO materials due to the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarity perpendicular to the c-plane. However, flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices are mostly built on polymers or glass substrates which lack suitable epitaxy seeds for the orientation control. Applying cubic-structure seeds, it was possible to fabricate polar c-plane and nonpolar m-plane aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films epitaxially on flexible Hastelloy substrates through minimizing the lattice mismatch. The growth is predicted of c-plane and m-plane AZO on cubic buffers with lattice parameters of 3.94–4.63 Å and 5.20–5.60 Å, respectively. The ∼80 nm-thick m-plane AZO film has a resistivity of ∼11.43 ± 0.01 × 10−4 Ω cm, while the c-plane AZO film shows a resistivity of ∼2.68 ± 0.02 × 10−4 Ω cm comparable to commercial indium tin oxide films. An abnormally higher carrier concentration in the c-plane than in the m-plane AZO film results from the electrical polarity along the c-axis. The resistivity of the c-plane AZO film drops to the order of 10−5 Ω cm at 500 K owing to the semiconducting behaviour. Epitaxial AZO films with low resistivities and controllable orientations on flexible substrates offer optimal transparent electrodes and epitaxy seeds for high-performance flexible ZnO devices.

scholarly journals A closed-loop human simulator for investigating the role of feedback control in brain-machine interfaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1932-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Cunningham ◽  
Paul Nuyujukian ◽  
Vikash Gilja ◽  
Cindy A. Chestek ◽  
Stephen I. Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Neural Prosthetic ◽  
Decoding Algorithms ◽  
Current State

Neural prosthetic systems seek to improve the lives of severely disabled people by decoding neural activity into useful behavioral commands. These systems and their decoding algorithms are typically developed “offline,” using neural activity previously gathered from a healthy animal, and the decoded movement is then compared with the true movement that accompanied the recorded neural activity. However, this offline design and testing may neglect important features of a real prosthesis, most notably the critical role of feedback control, which enables the user to adjust neural activity while using the prosthesis. We hypothesize that understanding and optimally designing high-performance decoders require an experimental platform where humans are in closed-loop with the various candidate decode systems and algorithms. It remains unexplored the extent to which the subject can, for a particular decode system, algorithm, or parameter, engage feedback and other strategies to improve decode performance. Closed-loop testing may suggest different choices than offline analyses. Here we ask if a healthy human subject, using a closed-loop neural prosthesis driven by synthetic neural activity, can inform system design. We use this online prosthesis simulator (OPS) to optimize “online” decode performance based on a key parameter of a current state-of-the-art decode algorithm, the bin width of a Kalman filter. First, we show that offline and online analyses indeed suggest different parameter choices. Previous literature and our offline analyses agree that neural activity should be analyzed in bins of 100- to 300-ms width. OPS analysis, which incorporates feedback control, suggests that much shorter bin widths (25–50 ms) yield higher decode performance. Second, we confirm this surprising finding using a closed-loop rhesus monkey prosthetic system. These findings illustrate the type of discovery made possible by the OPS, and so we hypothesize that this novel testing approach will help in the design of prosthetic systems that will translate well to human patients.

The role of MOVPE in the manufacture of high performance InP based optoelectronic devices

1988 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 792-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Nelson ◽  
P.C. Spurdens ◽  
S. Cole ◽  
R.H. Walling ◽  
R.H. Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices
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