scholarly journals Influence of Material Structure on Forces Measured during Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) Machining

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libor M. Hlaváč ◽  
Adam Štefek ◽  
Martin Tyč ◽  
Daniel Krajcarz
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Machining Efficiency ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Material Response ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Deformation Force

Material structure is one of the important factors influencing abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining efficiency and quality. The force measurements were performed on samples prepared from two very similar steels with different thicknesses and heat treatment. The samples were austenitized at 850 °C, quenched in polymer and tempered at various temperatures between 20 °C and 640 °C. The resulting states of material substantially differed in strength and hardness. Therefore, samples prepared from these material states are ideal for testing of material response to AWJ. The force measurements were chosen to test the possible influence of material structure on the material response to the AWJ impact. The results show that differences in material structure and respective material properties influence the limit traverse speed. The cutting to deformation force ratio seems to be a function of relative traverse speed independently on material structure.

scholarly journals Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) Forces—Indicator of Cutting System Malfunction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Libor M. Hlaváč ◽  
Damian Bańkowski ◽  
Daniel Krajcarz ◽  
Adam Štefek ◽  
Martin Tyč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Deformation Force ◽  
Awj Cutting

Measurements enabling the online monitoring of the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting process are still under development. This paper presents an experimental method which can be applicable for the evaluation of the AWJ cutting quality through the measurement of forces during the cutting process. The force measuring device developed and patented by our team has been used for measurement on several metal materials. The results show the dependence of the cutting to deformation force ratio on the relative traverse speed. Thus, the force data may help with a better understanding the interaction between the abrasive jet and the material, simultaneously impacting the improvement of both the theoretical and empirical models. The advanced models could substantially improve the selection of suitable parameters for AWJ cutting, milling or turning with the desired quality of product at the end of the process. Nevertheless, it is also presented that force measurements may detect some undesired effects, e.g., not fully penetrated material and/or some product distortions. In the case of a proper designing of the measuring device, the force measurement can be applied in the online monitoring of the cutting process and its continuous control.

scholarly journals Impacts of Traverse Speed and Material Thickness on Abrasive Waterjet Contour Cutting of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304L

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4925
Author(s):  
Jennifer Milaor Llanto ◽  
Majid Tolouei-Rad ◽  
Ana Vafadar ◽  
Muhammad Aamir
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Taper Angle ◽  
Material Thickness ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Kerf Taper ◽  
Waterjet Machining

Abrasive water jet machining is a proficient alternative for cutting difficult-to-machine materials with complex geometries, such as austenitic stainless steel 304L (AISI304L). However, due to differences in machining responses for varied material conditions, the abrasive waterjet machining experiences challenges including kerf geometric inaccuracy and low material removal rate. In this study, an abrasive waterjet machining is employed to perform contour cutting of different profiles to investigate the impacts of traverse speed and material thickness in achieving lower kerf taper angle and higher material removal rate. Based on experimental investigation, a trend of decreasing the level of traverse speed and material thickness that results in minimum kerf taper angle values of 0.825° for machining curvature profile and 0.916° for line profiles has been observed. In addition, higher traverse speed and material thickness achieved higher material removal rate in cutting different curvature radii and lengths in line profiles with obtained values of 769.50 mm3/min and 751.5 mm3/min, accordingly. The analysis of variance revealed that material thickness had a significant impact on kerf taper angle and material removal rate, contributing within the range of 69–91% and 62–69%, respectively. In contrast, traverse speed was the least factor measuring within the range of 5–18% for kerf taper angle and 27–36% for material removal rate.

scholarly journals Surface viscosity and Marangoni stresses at surfactant laden interfaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
pp. 712-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwynn J. Elfring ◽  
L. Gary Leal ◽  
Todd M. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Finite Time ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Marangoni Flow ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Surface Viscosity ◽  
Surface Shear ◽  
Marangoni Force ◽  
Soluble Surfactant

We calculate here the force on a probe at a viscous, compressible interface, laden with soluble surfactant that equilibrates on a finite time scale. The motion of the probe through the interface drives variations in the surfactant concentration at the interface that in turn leads to a Marangoni flow that contributes to the force on the probe. We demonstrate that the Marangoni force on the probe depends non-trivially on the surface shear and dilatational viscosities of the interface indicating the difficulty in extracting these material properties from force measurements at compressible interfaces.

scholarly journals Experimental Exploration of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite using Abrasive Water Jet Machining

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1872-1875
Author(s):  
Barath M ◽  
◽  
Rajesh S ◽  
Duraimurugan P ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Metal Matrix Composite ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite

The abrasive mixed waterjet was with success utilized to chop several materials together with steel, metal and glass for a spread of business applications. This work focuses on surface roughness of hybrid metal matrix composite (AA6061, Al2O3, B4C). Machining was applied by AWJM (Abrasive Waterjet Cutting) at completely different parameters Water pressure, Traverse speed, Abrasive flow and stand-off distance. The reinforced composite was analyzed exploitation FE SEM (Field Emission Scanning lepton Microscope) and distribution of reinforced was studied by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). For optimum results surface roughness was calculated.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis and Soft Computing Modeling of Abrasive Waterjet Milling of Steel Workpieces

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański ◽  
Nikolaos E. Karkalos ◽  
Anastasios Tzotzis ◽  
Panagiotis Kyratsis ◽  
Angelos P. Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Soft Computing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Metalworking Industry ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Alternative Processes ◽  
Conventional Machining

Conventional machining processes such as turning, milling and drilling have long been prominent in the metalworking industry but alternative processes which do not require the use of a cutting tool in order to conduct material removal have also been proven to be sufficiently capable of achieving high efficiency in various cases. In particular, Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) machining can be regarded as a rather appropriate choice for cutting operations, taking into consideration that it involves no heat affected zones, is able to process all material types and create a variety of complex features with success. In the present work, a comprehensive study on the effect of four process parameters, namely jet traverse speed, stand-off distance, abrasive mass flow rate and jet pressure on the width and depth of machined slots on a steel workpiece is conducted. The results are first analyzed with statistical methods in order to determine the effect and the relative importance of each parameter on the produced width and depth of the slots. Finally, these results are used to develop soft computing predictive models based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which can efficiently relate the process parameters with its outcome.

Studies on the Oiler Edge without Being Sprayed Based on Material Properties and Aerodynamic Influences

2012 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Hai Ying Li ◽  
Hua Liang Wu ◽  
Xiao Hong Chen ◽  
Sheng Jian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Strip Edge

This article introduced some experiment processes and conclusions that strip edge wasn’t sprayed when the electrostatic oiler was working, observed and analyzed several factors influencing spraying effect, put forward two effective method to resolve this problem: simulating the strip edge and making the blade staggered each other.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND TAPER ANGLE IN ABRASIVE WATER JET MACHINING OF 7075 ALUMINUM COMPOSITE USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SHANMUGAM ◽  
K. KRISHNAMURTHY ◽  
T. MOHANRAJ
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Standoff Distance ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Taper Angle

Surface roughness and taper angle of an abrasive waterjet machined surface of 7075 Aluminum metal matrix composite were deliberately studied. Response surface methodology design of experiments and analysis of variance were used to design the experiments and to identify the effect of process parameters on surface roughness and taper angle. The jet traverse speed and jet pressure were the most significant process parameters which influence the surface roughness and taper angle, respectively. Increasing the pressure and jet traverse speed results in increasing the surface roughness and taper angle. At the same time, decreasing the standoff distance and jet traverse speed possibly enhances both the responses. The optimal process parameters of 1[Formula: see text]mm as standoff distance, 192[Formula: see text]MPa as water pressure and 30[Formula: see text]mm[Formula: see text]min[Formula: see text] as jet traverse speed were identified to obtain the minimum value of surface roughness and taper angle. Based on the optimal parameters, the confirmation test was conducted. The mathematical equation was obtained from the experimental data using regression analysis; it was observed that the error was less than 5% of the experimentally measured values.

Mathematical Modeling of Abrasive Waterjet Turning of Ductile Materials

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Zohourkari ◽  
Mehdi Zohoor
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cylindrical Workpiece

In this paper, an erosion-based model for abrasive waterjet (AWJ) turning process is presented. In the AWJ turning process a particular volume of material is removed by impacting of abrasive particles to the surface of the rotating cylindrical workpiece. This volume is estimated according to the modified Hashish erosion model; thus radius reduction at each revolution is calculated. The distinctively proposed model considers the continuous change in local impact angle due to change in workpiece diameter, axial traverse speed of the jet, the abrasive particle roundness and density. The accuracy of the proposed model is approved by experimental tests under various traverse speeds. The final diameters estimated by the new model are in good accordance with the experiments.

Multiresponse Analysis in Abrasive Waterjet Machining Process on AA 6351

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Babu Munuswamy ◽  
M. Nambi Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Waterjet Machining ◽  
Kerf Angle ◽  
Grey Relational

This study investigates optimal parameter setting in abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) on aluminium alloy AA 6351, using taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is been reported. The water pressure, traverse speed and stand-off-distance were chosen as the process parameters in this study. An L9 orthogonal matrix array is used for the experimental plan. The performance characteristics which include surface roughness (Ra) and kerf angle (KA) are considered. The results indicate that surface roughness and kerf angle decreases, with increase in water pressure and decrease in traverse speed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) illustrates that traverse speed is the major parameter (89.7%) for reducing surface roughness and kerf angle, followed by water pressure (5.85%) and standoff distance (2%) respectively. The confirmation results reveal that surface roughness reduced by 16% and kerf angle reduced by 47%. Furthermore, the surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) for a detailed study

Effect of Moisture and Graded-Layer Mechanical Properties on Deformation and Interfacial Adhesion

2003 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine C. Wang ◽  
Reinhold H. Dauskardt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Interface Fracture ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties

AbstractControlling material properties over nanometer length scales is crucial for current and emerging high-density microelectronic device packages. Miniaturization of devices is increasingly limited by the ability to “connect” to the device, and the required packaging structures must be fabricated where layer thickness and feature sizes approach micron size scales while achieving the required mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Second phase additions such as sub-micron sized particles are often added to locally adjust the material properties of constituent layers in the complex package structure. This results in significant variation of mechanical properties over sub-micron length scales. Such manipulation of material structure and its effects on mechanical and interfacial fracture behavior are addressed using experimental and modeling studies. Underfill layers consisting of an epoxy matrix with dispersed silica beads are shown to exhibit variations of elastic and flow properties in excess of three-fold across the layer thickness. Mechanical properties are not only affected by the distribution of second-phase fillers, but also by the adhesion properties of the filler/matrix interface. Interfaces are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking associated with moisture which can lead to progressive debond growth at loads much lower than that required to exceed the critical interface fracture energies. Subcritical debonding is affected by temperature, humidity, and the bond chemistry of the interface. The effects of these variations are considered on the adhesive and subcritical debonding behavior of interfaces between model epoxy underfills and SiNx chip passivation. Implications for other constrained complex layered structures are considered.

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