scholarly journals Validated Finite Element Models of Premolars: A Scoping Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Raphaël Richert ◽  
Jean-Christophe Farges ◽  
Faleh Tamimi ◽  
Naim Naouar ◽  
Philippe Boisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Finite element (FE) models are widely used to investigate the biomechanics of reconstructed premolars. However, parameter identification is a complex step because experimental validation cannot always be conducted. The aim of this study was to collect the experimentally validated FE models of premolars, extract their parameters, and discuss trends. A systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Records were identified in three electronic databases (MEDLINE [PubMed], Scopus, The Cochrane Library) by two independent reviewers. Twenty-seven parameters dealing with failure criteria, model construction, material laws, boundary conditions, and model validation were extracted from the included articles. From 1306 records, 214 were selected for eligibility and entirely read. Among them, 19 studies were included. A heterogeneity was observed for several parameters associated with failure criteria and model construction. Elasticity, linearity, and isotropy were more often chosen for dental and periodontal tissues with a Young’s modulus mostly set at 18–18.6 GPa for dentine. Loading was mainly simulated by an axial force, and FE models were mostly validated by in vitro tests evaluating tooth strains, but different conditions about experiment type, sample size, and tooth status (intact or restored) were reported. In conclusion, material laws identified herein could be applied to future premolar FE models. However, further investigations such as sensitivity analysis are required for several parameters to clarify their indication.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hysteroscopy on the Reproductive Outcomes of Infertile Women Without Intrauterine Pathologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Yeon Yang ◽  
Seon Heui Lee ◽  
Seung-Joo Chon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

(1) Background: The aim of this work was to systematically review existing studies on whether hysteroscopy improves the reproductive outcomes of women with infertility even in the absence of intrauterine pathologies when compared to women who did not receive a hysteroscopy. (2) Methods: We established the Participant-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome strategy and used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement to conduct a systematic review of 11 studies which were retrieved from 3 electronic databases: Ovid-Medline, Ovid-Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent investigators extracted the data from the included studies and used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool to assess their quality. (3) Results: The primary outcome measures were the clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs) and live birth rates (LBRs) in the in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Hysteroscopy in infertile women without intrauterine pathologies showed higher CPRs and LBRs than those in the same population who did not receive hysteroscopy in cases of recurrent implantation failure and IVF (odds ratio: 1.79 and 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.46-2.30 and 1.08-1.97 for CPR and LBR, respectively); however, the degree of significance was not as high for LBR. (4) Conclusions: Hysteroscopy before IVF/ICSI in infertile women without intrauterine pathologies may potentially be effective in improving the CPRs and LBRs in patients with RIF. Robust and high-quality randomized trials are warranted to confirm this finding.

scholarly journals Effect of Using a Safety Checklist on Patient Complications after Surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigid M. Gillespie ◽  
Wendy Chaboyer ◽  
Lukman Thalib ◽  
Melinda John ◽  
Nicole Fairweather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Absolute Risk Reduction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background: Previous before-and-after studies indicate that the use of safety checklists in surgery reduces complication rates in patients. Methods: A systematic review of studies was undertaken using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Proquest, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies that evaluated the effects of checklist use in surgery on complication rates. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies. The pooled risk ratio (RR) was estimated using both fixed and random effects models. For each outcome, the number needed to treat (NNT) and the absolute risk reduction (ARR) were also computed. Results: Of the 207 intervention studies identified, 7 representing 37,339 patients were included in meta-analyses, and all were cohort studies. Results indicated that the use of checklists in surgery compared with standard practice led to a reduction in any complication (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.72; P < 0.0001; ARR, 3.7%; NNT, 27) and wound infection (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.72; P = 0.0001; ARR, 2.9%; NNT, 34) and also reduction in blood loss (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.70; P = 0.0001; ARR, 3.8%; NNT, 33). There were no significant reductions in mortality (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.11; P = 0.191; ARR, 0.44%; NNT, 229), pneumonia (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.4; P = 0.857; ARR, 0.04%; NNT, 2,512), or unplanned return to operating room (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.02; P = 0.068; ARR, 0.52%; NNT, 192). Conclusion: Notwithstanding the lack of randomized controlled trials, synthesis of the existing body of evidence suggests a relationship between checklist use in surgery and fewer postoperative complications.

scholarly journals Clinical Application of Virtual Reality for Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation in Stroke: Review of Technologies and Clinical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3369
Author(s):  
Won-Seok Kim ◽  
Sungmin Cho ◽  
Jeonghun Ku ◽  
Yuhee Kim ◽  
Kiwon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Motor Rehabilitation ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Neurorehabilitation for stroke is important for upper limb motor recovery. Conventional rehabilitation such as occupational therapy has been used, but novel technologies are expected to open new opportunities for better recovery. Virtual reality (VR) is a technology with a set of informatics that provides interactive environments to patients. VR can enhance neuroplasticity and recovery after a stroke by providing more intensive, repetitive, and engaging training due to several advantages, including: (1) tasks with various difficulty levels for rehabilitation, (2) augmented real-time feedback, (3) more immersive and engaging experiences, (4) more standardized rehabilitation, and (5) safe simulation of real-world activities of daily living. In this comprehensive narrative review of the application of VR in motor rehabilitation after stroke, mainly for the upper limbs, we cover: (1) the technologies used in VR rehabilitation, including sensors; (2) the clinical application of and evidence for VR in stroke rehabilitation; and (3) considerations for VR application in stroke rehabilitation. Meta-analyses for upper limb VR rehabilitation after stroke were identified by an online search of Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed. We expect that this review will provide insights into successful clinical applications or trials of VR for motor rehabilitation after stroke.

Association between Atopic Dermatitis and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Dermatology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarqa Ali ◽  
Charlotte Suppli Ulrik ◽  
Tove Agner ◽  
Simon Francis Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Atopic dermatitis (AD) may be associated with the metabolic syndrome and by that carry an increased risk of cardio­vascular disease. Our objective was to provide an update on current knowledge of the association between AD and metabolic syndrome, including each component of the metabolic syndrome. A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies investigating the association between metabolic syndrome and AD from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 14 studies, investigating the association between AD and the metabolic syndrome or AD and components of metabolic syndrome fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included. It seems unlikely that the association between AD and metabolic syndrome is causal. However, women with AD tended to have components of metabolic syndrome more often than women without AD. There was a positive association between AD and central obesity measured as waist circumference, and this association was stronger for women than men. Despite conflicting results regarding hypertension, the association between hypertension and AD also appeared stronger for women. On the other hand, the association between AD and hyperglycemia appears unlikely, and the association between AD and cholesterol levels was inconsistent. In conclusion, it remains unclear whether AD is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and its components. However, data indicate that central obesity is associated with AD and that the association is stronger for women than men.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Safety of Manual Acupuncture Therapy in Patients with Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chang Rao ◽  
Yuzheng Du ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Jipeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Activities Of Daily Life ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background. Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common cause of disability among patients with stroke. Meanwhile, acupuncture has increasingly been used to improve motor and cognitive function for stroke patients. The aim of the present study was to summarize and evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating PSCI. Methods. Eight databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, Medline, Embase databases) were searched from January 2010 to January 2020. Meta-analyses were conducted for the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Assessments were performed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Barthel Index (BI), or modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results. A total of 657 relevant RCTs were identified, and 22 RCTs with 1856 patients were eventually included. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture appeared to be effective for improving cognitive function as assessed by MMSE ( mean   difference   MD = 1.73 , 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.39, 2.06), P < 0.00001 ) and MoCA ( MD = 2.32 , 95% CI (1.92, 2.73), P < 0.00001 ). Furthermore, it also suggested that acupuncture could improve the activities of daily life (ADL) for PSCI patients as assessed by BI or MBI ( SMD = 0.97 , 95% CI (0.57, 1.38), P < 0.00001 ). Conclusions. Compared with nonacupuncture group, acupuncture group showed better effects in improving the scores of MMSE, MoCA, BI, and MBI. This meta-analysis provided positive evidence that acupuncture may be effective in improving cognitive function and activities of daily life for PSCI patients. Meanwhile, long retention time of acupuncture may improve cognitive function and activities of daily life, and twist technique may be an important factor that could influence cognitive function. However, further studies using large samples and a rigorous study design are needed to confirm the role of acupuncture in the treatment of PSCI.

Comparative efficacy, effectiveness and harms of second-generation antidepressants in the pharmacologic treatment of adult depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1266-1266
Author(s):  
L. Morgan ◽  
G. Gartlehner
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

IntroductionSecond-generation antidepressants dominate the medical management of major depressive disorder (MDD). Two published comparative effectiveness reviews (CER) provide conflicting evidence about the comparative efficacy and safety of second-generation antidepressants for treating MDD.ObjectivesTo compare the benefits and harms of bupropion, citalopram, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, sertraline, trazodone, and venlafaxine for the treatment of MDD in adults.MethodsWe updated a CER published in 2007 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality searching MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts up to May 2010. Two persons independently reviewed the literature, abstracted data, and rated the risk of bias. If data were sufficient, we conducted meta-analyses of head-to-head trials of the relative benefit of response to treatment. In addition, we conducted mixed treatment comparisons to derive indirect estimates of the comparative efficacy among all second-generation antidepressants.ResultsOverall, no substantial differences in efficacy could be detected among second-generation antidepressants. Statistically significant differences in response rates between some compared drugs are small and likely not clinically relevant. Differences exist in the incidence of specific adverse events and the onset of action. Venlafaxine leads to higher rates of nausea and vomiting, sertraline to higher rates of diarrhea, and mirtazapine to higher rates of weight gain than comparator drugs. Bupropion caused lower rates of sexual dysfunction than other antidepressants.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the existing evidence does not warrant the choice of one second-generation antidepressant over another based on greater efficacy and effectiveness.

Nonlinear Material Parameter Estimation Using Inverse Finite Element Analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

Constitutive parameters for biological materials are ideally regressed against data from well-designed experiments in which the loading and boundary conditions give rise to a homogeneous region of deformation. Such conditions may exist for healthy tissue within the context of in vitro tests, but rarely are met when attempting to measure parameters physiologically or noninvasively, due to complex boundary conditions or heterogeneous material structure and properties. The ability to estimate parameters in these situations is essential in many clinically relevant studies, including determination of tendon/ligament parameters in whole knee studies, non-destructive evaluation of evolving material parameters in laboratory studies, and estimation of heterogeneous parameters due to local normal or pathologic disruptions in tissue microstructure. In such cases, computational algorithms must be used to regress material parameters for a given constitutive model against the available data, in which the experimental conditions are modeled as accurately as possible without significant regard to complexity. The work presented here is focused on development of an iterative, inverse finite element (FE) algorithm for estimation of material parameters from experimental data obtained from tests with nonlinear complexities from contact, large deformations, and constitutive models.

scholarly journals Influence ofDPYDGenetic Polymorphisms on 5-Fluorouracil Toxicities in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Hong-Mei Zhang ◽  
Yin-Peng Huang ◽  
Tian-Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Our meta-analysis aggregated existing results from relevant studies to comprehensively investigate the correlations between genetic polymorphisms in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicities in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The MEDLINE (1966∼2013), the Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), EMBASE (1980∼2013), CINAHL (1982∼2013), Web of Science (1945∼2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982∼2013) were searched without language restrictions. Meta-analyses were conducted with the use of STATA software (Version 12.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Seven clinical cohort studies with a total of 946 CRC patients met our inclusion criteria, and NOS scores of each of the included studies were ≥5. Our findings showed thatDPYDgenetic polymorphisms were significantly correlated with high incidences of 5-FU-related toxicity in CRC patients. SNP-stratified analysis indicated that there were remarkable connections of IVS14+1G>A, 464T>A, and 2194G>A polymorphisms with the incidence of marrow suppression in CRC patients receiving 5-FU chemotherapy. Furthermore, we found that IVS14+1G>A, 496A>G, and 2194G>A polymorphisms were correlated with the incidence of gastrointestinal reaction. Ethnicity-stratified analysis also revealed thatDPYDgenetic polymorphisms might contribute to the development of marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reaction among Asians, but not among Caucasians. The present meta-analysis suggests thatDPYDgenetic polymorphisms may be correlated with the incidence of 5-FU-related toxicity in CRC patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Aging on the Color and Translucency of Monolithic Translucent Y-TZP Ceramics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chang-yuan Zhang ◽  
Check Agingu ◽  
James Kit Hon Tsoi ◽  
Hao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hydrothermal Aging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background. Monolithic restorations made of translucent yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) have become popular over the past few decades. However, whether aging affects the color and translucency of monolithic translucent Y-TZP is unclear. Objective. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies was to evaluate the effects of aging on the color and translucency of monolithic translucent Y-TZP ceramics. Materials and Methods. This systematic review/meta-analysis was reported according to the PRISMA statement and registered in the OSF registries (https://osf.io/5qjmu). Four databases including Medline via the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases and the Cochrane Library were searched using no publication year and language limits. The last search was executed on November 20, 2020. In vitro studies comparing the translucency and/or color of monolithic translucent Y-TZP ceramics before and after simulated aging were selected. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager software (version 5.3, Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) with random-effects models at a significance level of 0.05. A risk-of-bias assessment was also performed for the included studies. Results. Of the 188 potentially relevant studies, 13 were included in the systematic review. The hydrothermal aging duration ranged from 1 to 100 h at relatively similar temperatures (~134°C). In the general meta-analyses, the aged Y-TZP ceramics exhibited similar translucency parameter (TP), L ∗ , and b ∗ values compared with the nonaged controls ( P = .73 , P = .49 , and P = .62 , respectively). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the aged and nonaged Y-TZP ceramics in the a ∗ value ( P = .03 ; MD = − 0.26 ; 95% CI = − 0.51   to − 0.02 ), favoring the nonaged Y-TZP ceramics. The subgroup analyses showed that the duration of aging contributed to changes in the translucency and color of the Y-TZP ceramics. Conclusions. The optical properties of monolithic translucent Y-TZP ceramics were stable after hydrothermal aging at 134°C and 0.2 MPa for ≤20 h. Moreover, clinically unacceptable changes in the translucency and color of monolithic translucent Y-TZP ceramics were found after hydrothermal aging for >20 h.

Different Finite Element Strategies to Satisfy Clinical and Engineering Requirements in Modeling a Novel Percutaneous Device

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Capelli ◽  
Giovanni Biglino ◽  
Lorenza Petrini ◽  
Francesco Migliavacca ◽  
Philipp Bonhoeffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Transcatheter Heart Valve ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Valve Implantation

By taking into account patient-specific properties, finite element (FE) models can aid in the optimization of the devices’ mechanical performances, accelerating the time of development and reducing testing costs. Patient-specific cardiovascular modeling can also drive the development of novel devices [1], by means of anatomical elements that are more representative than animal surrogates [2], and integrating standard in vitro tests with patient-specific loading conditions [3]. Transcatheter heart valve implantation can particularly benefit from a modeling approach. In the field of treatment of valve dysfunctions, percutaneous techniques are relatively new or under development, and modeling tools can contribute to improve these procedures (e.g. design modifications or different routes for device insertion) and increase patient safety in the early introduction of new devices into clinical practice. For a feasible clinical application, computational methods need to be fully validated against physical data, to take into account patient-specific properties, and to provide results in a short time. Instead, from an engineering perspective, models can cost-effectively aid the design phase by improving preclinical testing with more realistic loading conditions for accurate simulation of mechanical behaviour and prediction of durability. This study aims to identify optimal modeling strategies to respond to both clinical and engineering requirements. As a case study, simulations were conducted on a new percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) device [4] tested within a patient-specific right ventricular outflow tract model.

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