Abstract
The equilibrium equations for a helically buckled tubing are developed and solved directly. The results show that the packer has a strong influence on the pitch of the helix, and that the pitch developed by the helix is different from the pitch calculated by conventional methods. In addition, the solution providesshear loads and bending moments at the packer andconstraining force exerted on the tubing by the exterior casing.
This last result can be used to estimate friction effects on tubing buckling.
Introduction
The buckling behavior of well tuning and its effect on packer selection and installation have received much attention in the industry. The most well-known analysis of this problem is by Lubinski et al. Later analyses. such as by Hammerlindl, have extended and refined these results. There were two major contributions of this analysis:to clarity the roles of pressures, temperatures, fluid flow, pretension, and packer design in the buckling problem andto present a mechanical model of well buckling behavior that predicted the buckled well configuration as a function of applied loads.
The principal results from this model were the motion of the tubing at the packer and the stresses developed in the tubing as a result of buckling. The major features of the conventional model of buckling behavior are summarized as follows.Slender beam theory is used to relate bending moment to curvature.The tubing is assumed to buckle into a helical shape.The principle of virtual work is used to relate applied buckling load to pitch of the helix.Friction between the buckled tubing and restraining casing is neglected.
The geometry of the helix is described by three equations:
(1)
(2) and
(3)
where u1, u2, and u3 are tubing centerline locations in the x, y, and z coordinate directions, respectively; Theta is the angular coordinate (Fig. 1); r is the tubing-casing radial clearance: and P is pitch of the helix. The principle of virtual work relates P to the buckling force, F, through the following formula.
(4)
Several questions are not addressed by this analysis:What is the shape of the tubing from packer to fully developed helix?What are the resulting shear loads and moments at the packer caused by buckling?What are the forces exerted on the helically buckled tubing by the restraining casing? Solutions to Questions 2 and 3 would be particularly useful for evaluating friction effects on the tubing and the effect of induced loads on the packer elements.
This information would allow better estimates of tubing movement and provide detailed load reactions at the packer for improved packer design. The solution to Question 1 could be particularly interesting because of its effect on results obtained by virtual work methods.
SPEJ
P. 616^
The Effect of Transverse Shear in Symmetric and Asymmetric End Notch Flexure Tests–Analytical and Numerical Modeling