scholarly journals A 3D-Printed Ultra-Low Young’s Modulus β-Ti Alloy for Biomedical Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Pellizzari ◽  
Alireza Jam ◽  
Matilde Tschon ◽  
Milena Fini ◽  
Carlo Lora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
3D Printed

The metastable β-Ti21S alloy is evaluated as a potential candidate for biomedical parts. Near fully dense (99.75 ± 0.02%) samples are additively manufactured (that is, 3D-printed) by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF). In the as-built condition, the material consists of metastable β-phase only, with columnar grains oriented along the building direction. The material exhibits an extremely low Young’s modulus (52 ± 0.3 GPa), which was never reported for this type of alloy. The combination of good mechanical strength (σy0.2 = 709 ± 6 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) = 831 ± 3 MPa) and high total elongation during tensile test (21% ± 1.2%) in the as-built state, that is, without any heat treatment, is close to that of the wrought alloy and comparable to that of heat treated Ti grade 5. The good biocompatibility attested by cytotoxicity tests confirms its great suitability for biomedical applications.

Effect of Hot Swaging on Microstructure and Properties of Aged Ti-10Mo-20Nb Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 952-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinara Borborema Gabriel ◽  
Jean Dille ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Emanuel Santos Jr. ◽  
Renato Baldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Final Microstructure

Mechanical properties of metastable β-Ti alloys are highly dependent on the final microstructure, which is controlled by the thermomechanical processing. These alloys are used for biomedical applications and require a high mechanical strength as well as a low Young’s modulus to avoid stress shielding. Previous work on the development of cold swaged Ti-10Mo-20Nb alloy showed that the best compromise strength and Young ́s modulus was obtained when the forming is followed by an aging heat treatment at 500 oC. In this work, Ti-10Mo-20Nb alloy was hot swaged and aged at 500 oC for 10 min, 4h and 24h. The microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization was based on Vickers microhardness tests and Young’s modulus measurements. Aging at 500 oC for 10 min after hot swaging resulted in a nearly 100% β phase microstructure while aging at 500°C for 4h or 24h led to a bimodal microstructure consisting on α precipitates dispersed in the β matrix. The higher hardness to Young’s modulus ratio was obtained for the sample aged at 500 °C for 4h. This value was higher than those obtained for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and commercially pure Ti.

Development of Ti-12Mo-8Nb Alloy for Biomedical Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Sinara Borborema Gabriel ◽  
Jessica Peixoto da Silva Kassya ◽  
Caroline Miranda Jacinto ◽  
Leizy Pâmela Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alloy Heat

Several beta titanium alloys were developed for biomedical applications due to the combination of low elasticity modulus, high strength, fatigue resistance and good ductility with excellent corrosion resistance. In this regard, a new metastable beta titanium Ti-12Mo-8Nb alloy was developed, as an alternative for the traditional Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with the substitution of vanadium and aluminum for molybdenum and niobium. The objective of this work was to present the microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of the Ti-12Mo-8Nb alloy, heat treated for 1h at 950oC under high vacuum and then water quenched. The microstructure of the alloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation were performed for determination of hardness, Young’s modulus and the ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus. The Ti-12Mo-8Nb microstructure consisted of β phase and the values obtained for the ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus were higher than the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Structure, Microstructure, and Selected Mechanical Properties of Ti-Zr-Mo Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa ◽  
Pedro Akira Bazaglia Kuroda ◽  
Carlos Roberto Grandini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Β Phase

New titanium alloys for biomedical applications have been developed primarily with the addition of Nb, Ta, Mo, and Zr, because those elements stabilize the β phase and they don’t cause cytotoxicity in the organism. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of molybdenum on the structure, microstructure, and selected mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr-xMo (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) alloys. The samples were produced in an arc-melting furnace with inert argon atmosphere, and they were hot-rolled and homogenized. The samples were characterized using chemical, structural, and microstructural analysis. The mechanical analysis was made using Vickers microhardness and Young’s modulus measurements. The compositions of the alloys were sensitive to the molybdenum concentration, indicating the presence of α’+α”+β phases in the Ti-15Zr-5Mo alloy, α”+β in the Ti-15Zr-10Mo alloy, and β phase in the Ti-15Zr-15Mo and Ti-15Zr-20Mo alloys. The mechanical properties showed favorable values for biomedical application in the alloys presenting high hardness and low Young’s modulus compared with CP-Ti.

Effects of Nb Content on Young’s Modulus and Tensile Property of Ti-30Ta Alloy for Biomedical Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Yun Neng Wang ◽  
Yun Qing Ma ◽  
Shui Yuan Yang ◽  
Xu Liang Liu ◽  
Cui Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Nb Content ◽  
Nb Addition

The effects of Nb addition on microstructures, Young’s moduli, tensile properties of Ti-30Ta-xNb (x = 21, 24, 27, 30, wt. %) alloys were investigated in this study. The results show that dual phases containing β phase and a little α" martensite were observed when x = 21 and 24, whereas single β phase is present when x = 27 and 30. A minimum Young’s modulus of 52.13 GPa was obtained in Ti-30Ta-21Nb alloy. Ti-30Ta-xNb alloys exhibit high strength-to-modulus ratios, showing their great potentials to develop as new candidates for biomedical applications.

Effect of Y2O3 on Mechanical Properties of Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2138-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Song ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Harumi Tsutsumi ◽  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Β Phase

Y2O3 was added to β-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) in order to achieve excellent mechanical performance and low Young’s modulus. TNTZ specimens with 0.05%–1.0% Y are all found to be composed of a β phase. Young’s moduli of TNTZ with 0.05–1.0% Y are all maintained low, and are almost the same as that of TNTZ without Y2O3. The grain size of TNTZ with 0.05%–1.0% Y is smaller than that of TNTZ without Y2O3. Moreover, Y2O3 precipitates can prevent the texture movement, and this effect becomes more obvious with an increase in the Y concentration. The tensile strength of TNTZ is successfully improved by adding Y2O3. TNTZ specimens with 0.2% and 1.0% Y exhibit good balance between the tensile strength and the elongation.

scholarly journals First principles computation of composition dependent elastic constants of omega in titanium alloys: implications on mechanical behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Salloom ◽  
S. A. Mantri ◽  
R. Banerjee ◽  
S. G. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Stabilizer Concentration

AbstractFor decades the poor mechanical properties of Ti alloys were attributed to the intrinsic brittleness of the hexagonal ω-phase that has fewer than 5-independent slip systems. We contradict this conventional wisdom by coupling first-principles and cluster expansion calculations with experiments. We show that the elastic properties of the ω-phase can be systematically varied as a function of its composition to enhance both the ductility and strength of the Ti-alloy. Studies with five prototypical β-stabilizer solutes (Nb, Ta, V, Mo, and W) show that increasing β-stabilizer concentration destabilizes the ω-phase, in agreement with experiments. The Young’s modulus of ω-phase also decreased at larger concentration of β-stabilizers. Within the region of ω-phase stability, addition of Nb, Ta, and V (Group-V elements) decreased Young’s modulus more steeply compared to Mo and W (Group-VI elements) additions. The higher values of Young’s modulus of Ti–W and Ti–Mo binaries is related to the stronger stabilization of ω-phase due to the higher number of valence electrons. Density of states (DOS) calculations also revealed a stronger covalent bonding in the ω-phase compared to a metallic bonding in β-phase, and indicate that alloying is a promising route to enhance the ω-phase’s ductility. Overall, the mechanical properties of ω-phase predicted by our calculations agree well with the available experiments. Importantly, our study reveals that ω precipitates are not intrinsically embrittling and detrimental, and that we can create Ti-alloys with both good ductility and strength by tailoring ω precipitates' composition instead of completely eliminating them.

scholarly journals Development of α+β-type biomedical Ti–Nb alloys with high oxygen content

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
K. Ueda ◽  
M. Omiya ◽  
Y. Hirose ◽  
T. Narushima
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Iced Water ◽  
Nb Content

Ti-(5–20)Nb-(0.5–1)O alloys (mass%) were investigated for developing low-cost biomedical α+β-type Ti alloy. Ti-(5, 10, 15, 20)Nb-(0.5, 0.75, 1)O alloys (mass%) were arc-melted and forged into bars. The forged alloy bars were heat-treated at 873 to 1373 K for 3.6 ks in an Ar atmosphere and quenched in iced water. β transus (Tβ) of the Ti-Nb-O alloys decreased with increasing Nb content. An increase in the oxygen content led to an increase in Tβ. After quenching, the formation of α′ martensite was observed in Ti-5Nb-yO alloys. An increase in the Nb content to 10 mass% led to the formation of α′ and α″ martensites. A further increase in the Nb content to 15 and 20mass% resulted in the formation of more α″ martensites. The boundary temperature for the formation of α′ and α″ martensite in the Ti-10Nb-yO alloys increased with increasing oxygen content, because oxygen enhances the Nb distribution to the β phase. The ultimate tensile strength of the Ti-xNb-0.75O alloys heattreated to obtain the α-phase fraction (fα) of 0.5 was over 1000 MPa, except for the Ti-15Nb-0.75O alloy. The total elongation decreased with increasing Nb content. The Ti-5Nb-0.75O alloy exhibited excellent strength-ductility balance as a low-cost α+β-type biomedical Ti alloy.

Phase Stability and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr Alloys Containing a Large Amount of Zr

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 1344-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonosuke Murayama ◽  
Erdnechuluun Enkhjavkhlan ◽  
Akihiko Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Martensitic Structure ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Microstructural Transition ◽  
Zr Alloy ◽  
Zr Alloys

The Young’s modulus of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloy varies with the composition of Cr, Sn and Zr, in which the elements act as β stabilizers. Some Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys show very low Young’s modulus under 50GPa. The amount of Zr in alloys with very low Young's modulus increases with the decrease of Cr. We investigated the Young’s modulus and deformation behavior of Ti-xCr-Sn-Zr (x=0~1mass%) alloys containing a large amount of Zr. The quenched microstructure of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys changes from martensitic structure to β single-phase structure if the amounts of β stabilized elements are increased. The Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys with compositions close to the transitional composition of microstructure from martensite to β phase show minimum Young’s modulus. The clear microstructural transition disappears and the minimum Young’s modulus increases if the amount of Cr becomes too small. In Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys containing a large amount of Zr, Young’s modulus depends on β phase that is intermingled with martensite.

scholarly journals Influence of the Processing Method on the Properties of Ti-23 at.% Mo Alloy

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Sochacka ◽  
Andrzej Miklaszewski ◽  
Kamil Kowalski ◽  
Mieczyslaw Jurczyk
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Powder Preparation ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Β Phase

In this paper, binary β type Ti-23 at.% Mo alloys were obtained by arc melting as well as by mechanical alloying and powder metallurgical process with cold powder compaction and sintering or, interchangeably, hot pressing. The influence of the synthesis method on the microstructure and properties of bulk alloys were studied. The produced materials were characterized by an X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition determination. Young’s modulus was evaluated with nanoindentation testing method based on the Oliver and Pharr approach. The mechanically alloyed Ti-23 at.% Mo powders, after inductively hot-pressed at 800 °C for 5 min, allowed the formation of single Ti(β) phase alloy. In this case, Young’s modulus and Vickers hardness were 127 GPa and 454 HV0.3, respectively. Among the examined materials, the porous (55%) single-phase scaffold showed the lowest indentation modulus (69.5 GPa). Analytical approach performed in this work focuses also on the surface properties. The estimation includes the corrosion resistance analyzed in the potentiodynamic test, and also some wettability properties as a contact angle, and surface free energy values measured in glycerol and diiodomethane testing fluids. Additionally, surface modification of processed material by micro-arc oxidation and electrophoretic deposition on the chosen samples was investigated. Proposed procedures led to the formation of apatite and fluorapatite layers, which influence both the corrosion resistance and surface wetting properties in comparison to unmodified samples. The realized research shows that a single-phase ultrafine-grained Ti-23 at.% Mo alloy for medical implant applications can be synthesized at a temperature lower than the transition point by the application of hot pressing of mechanically alloyed powders. The material processing, that includes starting powder preparation, bulk alloy transformation, and additional surface treatment functionalization, affect final properties by the obtained phase composition and internal structure.

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