scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on the Mechanical Properties of Different 3D Woven Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2765
Author(s):  
Qiaole Hu ◽  
Hafeezullah Memon ◽  
Yiping Qiu ◽  
Wanshuang Liu ◽  
Yi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
3D Orthogonal Woven ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy

In this work, the tensile, compressive, and flexural properties of three types of 3D woven composites were studied in three directions. To make an accurate comparison, three 3D woven composites are made to have the same fiber volume content by controlling the weaving parameters of 3D fabric. The results show that the 3D orthogonal woven composite (3DOWC) has better overall mechanical properties than those of the 3D shallow straight-joint woven composite (3DSSWC) and 3D shallow bend-joint woven composite (3DSBWC) in the warp direction, including tension, compression, and flexural strength. Interestingly their mechanical properties in the weft direction are about the same. In the through-thickness direction, however, the tensile and flexural strength of 3DOWC is about the same as 3DSBW, both higher than that of 3DSSWC. The compressive strength, on the other hand, is mainly dependent on the number of weft yarns in the through-thickness direction.

scholarly journals Multiscale Analysis of Mechanical Properties of 3D Orthogonal Woven Composites with Randomly Distributed Voids

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5247
Author(s):  
Yaohua Gong ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Xun’an Zhang ◽  
Yongyong Suo ◽  
Purong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
Void Defects ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
3D Orthogonal Woven

Voids are common defects in 3D woven composites because of the complicated manufacturing processes of the composites. In this study, a micro–meso multiscale analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of voids on the mechanical properties of three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites. Statistical analysis was implemented to calculate the outputs of models under the different scales. A method is proposed to generate the reasonable mechanical properties of the microscale models considering randomly distributed voids and fiber filaments. The distributions of the generated properties agree well with the calculated results. These properties were utilized as inputs for the mesoscale models, in which void defects were also considered. The effects of these defects were calculated and investigated. The results indicate that tensile and shear strengths were more sensitive to the microscale voids, while the compressive strength was more influenced by mesoscale voids. The results of this study can provide a design basis for evaluating the quality of 3D woven composites with void defects.

Monitoring of mechanical properties of prestressed glass fiber epoxy composites over 12 months after fabrication

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110047
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mohamed ◽  
Siddhartha Brahma ◽  
Haibin Ning ◽  
Selvum Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Fiber Volume

Fiber prestressing during matrix curing can significantly improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. One primary reason behind this improvement is the generated compressive residual stress within the cured matrix, which impedes cracks initiation and propagation. However, the prestressing force might diminish progressively with time due to the creep of the compressed matrix and the relaxation of the tensioned fiber. As a result, the initial compressive residual stress and the acquired improvement in mechanical properties are prone to decline over time. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the mechanical properties of the prestressed composites as time proceeds. This study monitors the change in the tensile and flexural properties of unidirectional prestressed glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites over a period of 12 months after manufacturing. The composites were prepared using three different fiber volume fractions 25%, 30%, and 40%. The results of mechanical testing showed that the prestressed composites acquired an initial increase up to 29% in the tensile properties and up to 32% in the flexural properties compared to the non-prestressed counterparts. Throughout the 12 months of study, the initial increase in both tensile and flexural strength showed a progressive reduction. The loss ratio of the initial increase was observed to be inversely proportional to the fiber volume fraction. For the prestressed composites fabricated with 25%, 30%, and 40% fiber volume fraction, the initial increase in tensile and flexural strength dropped by 29%, 25%, and 17%, respectively and by 34%, 26%, and 21%, respectively at the end of the study. Approximately 50% of the total loss took place over the first month after the manufacture, while after the sixth month, the reduction in mechanical properties became insignificant. Tensile modulus started to show a very slight reduction after the fourth/sixth month, while the flexural modulus reduction was observed from the beginning. Although the prestressed composites displayed time-dependent losses, their long-term mechanical properties still outperformed the non-prestressed counterparts.

Influence of fiber volume fraction and curing temperature on mechanical properties of jute/PLA green composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-284
Author(s):  
Jai Inder Preet Singh ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Vikas Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Fiber Volume

Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources have resulted in an increased interest in biodegradable natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In this research work, jute fiber has been used as a reinforcement and polylactic acid (PLA) as the matrix material to develop jute/PLA green composites with the help of compression molding technique. The effect of fiber volume fraction ranging from 25% to 50% and curing temperature ranging from 160°C to 180°C on different samples were investigated for mechanical properties and water absorption. Results obtained from various tests indicate that with an increase in the fiber volume fraction, tensile and flexural strength increases till 30% fiber fraction, thereafter decreases with further increase in fiber content. Maximum tensile and flexural strength of jute/PLA composites was obtained with 30% fiber volume fraction at 160°C curing temperature. The trend obtained from mechanical properties is further justified through the study of surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy.

A progressive damage model for 3D woven composites under compression

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiyu Lu ◽  
Licheng Guo ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Progressive Damage ◽  
Misalignment Angle ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Progressive Damage Model ◽  
Transverse Failure

A progressive damage model is proposed to investigate the damage initiation and evolution of 3D woven composites under uniaxial compression at a micromechanical level. The typical compressive experiments were carried out. Based on the observations, the compression failure modes of 3D woven composites mainly include fiber kinking, transverse failure of fiber tow, matrix fracture, and interfacial debonding. The initial damage criteria are according to the physically based failure criteria for the fiber kinking, the Puck criteria for the transverse failure of fiber tow, and the maximum stress criterion for the matrix. The damage of fiber tow–matrix interfacial is simulated through cohesive contact. Particularly, the fiber’s initial misalignment angle is taken into account in the damage model. The simulated compression results agree well with the experimental ones. The compressive stress–strain response of the 3D woven composite is forecasted. The damage evolution of each constituent of the 3D woven composite is obtained. The results show that the influence of the fiber’s initial misalignment angle on the compression strength of the 3D woven composite needs to be considered.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Recycled Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Jalilifar ◽  
Fatholla Sajedi ◽  
Sadegh Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Flexural Toughness

The flexural strength of conventional concrete material is known to be enhanced by incorporating a moderate volume-fraction of randomly distributed fibers. However, there is limited information on describing the influence of fiber volume-fraction on the compressive and flexural strength of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCA-C) material. This paper reports on experimental test results of the RCA-C material replaced with 0, 30, 50 and 100% recycled aggregate and 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% steel fiber volume fraction. Three-point flexural tests of notched prism specimens were completed. The mechanical properties in compression were characterized using cube specimens. Significant improvement in compressive and flexural strength of RCA-C was found as fiber content increased from 0 to 1.5%. The experimental test results of RCA-C were further evaluated to investigate the influence of fiber content on flexural toughness. According to test results, the addition of steel fibers to RCA-C material appreciably increased the flexural toughness.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of SiO2-Coated Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Mortar Composites with Different Fiber Lengths and Fiber Volume Fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gwang-Hee Heo ◽  
Jong-Gun Park ◽  
Ki-Chang Song ◽  
Jong-Ho Park ◽  
Hyung-Min Jun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Coated Carbon

In the present study, SiO2 particles were coated on the surface of carbon fibers by means of chemical reaction of silane coupling agent (glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, GPTMS) and colloidal SiO2 sol to improve the interfacial bonding force between fibers and matrix in cement matrix. The surface of the modified carbon fibers was confirmed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties of SiO2-coated carbon fiber mortar and uncoated carbon fiber mortar with different fiber lengths (6 mm and 12 mm) and fiber volume fractions (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the flow values of the carbon fiber mortar were greatly disadvantageous in terms of fluidity due to the nonhydrophilicity of fibers and fiber balls, and the unit weight decreased significantly as the fiber volume fractions increased. However, the air content increased more or less. In addition, regardless of whether the fibers were coated, the compressive strength of carbon fiber-reinforced mortar (CFRM) composite specimens tended to gradually decrease as the fiber volume fractions increased. On the other hand, in case of the SiO2-coated CFRM composite specimens, the flexural strength was significantly increased compared to uncoated CFRM composite specimens and plain mortar specimens, and the highest flexural strength was obtained at 12 mm and 1.5%, particularly. It can be seen that the new carbon fiber surface modification method employed in this study was very effective in enhancing the flexural strength as cement-reinforcing materials.

Mechanical Properties of Modified Polypropylene Coarse Fiber-Reinforced, High-Strength, Lightweight Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1499-1506
Author(s):  
Rong Hui Zhang ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume

In this study, the effect of micro-expansion high strength grouting material (EGM) and Modified polypropylene coarse fiber (M-PP fiber) on the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete are investigated. The influence of EGM and M-PP fiber on compressive strength , flexural strength and drying shrinkage of concrete are researched, and flexural fracture toughness are calculated. Test results show that the effect of EGM and M-PP fiber volume fraction (Vf) on flexural strength and fracture toughness is extremely prominent, compressive strength is only slightly enhanced, and the rate of shrinkage is obviously decreased. It is observed that the shape of the descending branch of load-deflection and the ascending branch of shrinkage-age tends towards gently with the increase of Vf. And M-PP fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete is more economical.

3D layer-to-layer orthogonal interlock woven composites under monotonic loading: Multiscale modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (17) ◽  
pp. 1263-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muthukumar ◽  
J Prasath ◽  
S Sathish ◽  
G Ravikumar ◽  
YM Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Multiscale Modeling ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Unit Cells

Multiscale modeling of 3D layer-to-layer orthogonal interlock woven composite structure for elastic and strength behavior is presented. Due to the inherent nature of weaving, 3D woven composites can be represented by repetitive unit cells at the meso level. The present study focuses on identifying different types of repetitive unit cells considering both the geometry and the boundary conditions. For a typical 3D layer-to-layer orthogonal interlock woven composite, there are eight types of meso repetitive unit cells taking into account both the geometry and the boundary conditions. Additionally, for a practical situation, fiber volume fraction (Vf) in the impregnated strand is not uniform throughout the cross-section. In other words, Vf would be different for different micro repetitive unit cells. The properties of the macro structure, i.e. the 3D woven composite structure has been determined by applying periodic boundary conditions at micro and meso levels and iso-strain conditions at the macro level using finite element analysis. The continuity between the blocks is provided by merging the nodes in the intersection regions. The effect of different Vf at different locations in the transverse cross-section of the strand on the elastic and the strength properties of 3D layer-to-layer woven composite structure is presented.

Evaluation of Elastic Properties of Satin Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 577-578 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
S. Patel ◽  
Omar Bacarreza ◽  
M.H. Aliabadi
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Stiffness Matrix ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Multi Scale Analysis

Advancements in the numerical modelling of 3D woven composites have allowed improved understanding of the mechanical behaviour and in turn aided the design and analysis of new materials. The objectives of this paper are to utilise FEA (Finite Element Analysis) methods to determine the elastic properties of a given woven composite. The investigation focuses on satin weaves, considering both 5-harness and 8-harness varieties. Multi-scale analysis results of an RVE are used to formulate the stiffness matrix and consequently determine the elastic properties; these will be compared to published analytical methods and experimental results. Further investigations considering the effect of weave parameters on the elastic properties are conducted.

scholarly journals Influence of Fiber Volume and Fiber Length on Thermal and Flexural Properties of a Hybrid Natural Polymer Composite Prepared with Banana Stem, Pineapple Leaf, and S-Glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
K. B. Prakash ◽  
Yahya Ali Fageehi ◽  
Rajasekaran Saminathan ◽  
P. Manoj Kumar ◽  
S. Saravanakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Banana Stem

There is more demand for natural fiber-reinforced composites in the energy sector, and their impact on the environment is almost zero. Natural fiber has plenty of advantages, such as easy recycling and degrading property, low density, and low price. Natural fiber’s thermal properties and flexural properties are less than conventional fiber. This work deals with the changes in the thermal properties and mechanical properties of S-glass reinforced with a sodium hydroxide-treated pineapple leaf (PALF) and banana stem fibers. Banana stem and pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were used at various volume fractions, i.e., 30%, 40%, and 50%, and various fiber lengths of 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm with S-glass, and their effects on the thermal and mechanical properties were studied, and their optimum values were found. It was evidenced that increasing the fiber volume and fiber length enhanced the flexural and thermal properties up to 40% of the fiber volume, and started to decrease at 50% of the fiber volume. The fiber length provides an affirmative effect on the flexural properties and a pessimistic effect on the thermal properties. The PALF S-glass combination of 40% fiber load and 40 cm fiber length provides maximum flexural strength, flexural modulus, storage modulus, and lowest loss modulus based on hybrid Taguchi grey relational optimization techniques. PALF S-glass hybrid composite has been found to have 7.80%, 3.44%, 1.17% higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, and loss modulus, respectively, and 15.74% lower storage modulus compared to banana S-glass hybrid composite.

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