scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Polymer Blends Based on Post-Consumer Glycol-Modified Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET-G) Foils and Poly(Ethylene 2,5-Furanoate) (PEF): Preparation and Characterization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2673
Author(s):  
Sandra Paszkiewicz ◽  
Izabela Irska ◽  
Elzbieta Piesowicz
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Phase Transition Temperatures ◽  
Polycondensation Process ◽  
Materials Recycling ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Environmentally friendly polymer blends between post-consumer PET-G and bio-based poly(ethylene 2,5 furanoate) (PEF) have been prepared. The PET-G granules were obtained from the post-consumer glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET-G foils from Nicrometal S.A. as a result of materials recycling. PEF was synthesized from dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate and 1,2-ethylene glycol (BioUltra) by a two-stage melt polycondensation process. According to the calculations followed by Hoy’s method, one has studied the miscibility of the components in the blend. The molecular structure of PET-G/PEF blends was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the morphology of the blends was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). To evaluate phase transition temperatures, as well as the thermal effects in PET-G/PEF blends, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), were performed. Tensile tests revealed that along with an increase in the amount of PEF, an increase in Young’s modulus was observed. Besides, the existence of interfacial interactions between polymers, especially in the case of PET-G/PEF 80/20, enabling the PET-G chains to form a network structure with the PEF by reacting with their functional groups, allows observation of a synergistic effect in the improvement of thermal stability and water absorption.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Structural Changes of Polylactide and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the Presence of Trichoderma viride

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3491
Author(s):  
Grażyna B. Dąbrowska ◽  
Zuzanna Garstecka ◽  
Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska ◽  
Grażyna Szczepańska ◽  
Maciej Ostrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Plastic pollution is one of the crucial global challenges nowadays, and biodegradation is a promising approach to manage plastic waste in an environment-friendly and cost-effective way. In this study we identified the strain of fungus Trichoderma viride GZ1, which was characterized by particularly high pectinolytic activity. Using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques, and viscosity measurements we showed that three-month incubation of polylactide and polyethylene terephthalate in the presence of the fungus lead to significant changes of the surface of polylactide. Further, to gain insight into molecular mechanisms underneath the biodegradation process, western blot hybridization was used to show that in the presence of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in laboratory conditions the fungus produced hydrophobin proteins. The mycelium adhered to the plastic surface, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, possibly due to the presence of hydrophobins. Further, using atomic force microscopy we demonstrated for the first time the formation of hydrophobin film on the surface of aliphatic polylactide (PLA) and PET by T. viride GZ1. This is the first stage of research that will be continued under environmental conditions, potentially leading to a practical application.

The Melting Behavior of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/ Attapulgite Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 530-533
Author(s):  
Chen Liu ◽  
Xiang Hui Lu ◽  
Xue Qi ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Crystallization From The Melt

The melting and recrystallization behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/ Attapulgite(At)nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization from the melt was studied by Step-scan differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC). The influence of At contents, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the melting process were examined. Two melting endotherms(in the SDSC CP.A curves, reversible part) and one recrystallization exotherm (in the SDSC CP.IsoK curves, irreversible part)of PET/At nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization were observed during the melt process. This ascribes to the melting-recrystallization mechanism .The low temperature endotherm attributes to the melting of primary crystal formed during the isothermal treating and the high temperature endotherm resulting from the melting of recrystallization materials. The reason why more recrystallization happened with the increase of At content was given and the process of recrystallization was described in detail. The effects of crystal perfection and recrystallization were minimized by increasing of crystallization temperature and time.

Thermal Properties of Ester-Type Easy Cationic Dyeable Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) (ECDP) Polymers

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 2409-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sun ◽  
Guo Zheng ◽  
Hong Xiang Yang ◽  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Xiao Ning Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
Glycol Adipate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Monomer Content ◽  
Diethylene Glycol Succinate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

This study investigated the thermal properties of ester-type easy cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ECDP) polymers using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), therogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mass ratios of 5-sodium sulfo bis(-hydroxyethyl) isophthalate(SIPE) for ECDP polymers were 2.8%, 5.5%, 6.8%, respectively. The fourth monomers were diethylene glycol adipate (DGA), diethylene glycol succinate (DGS) and diethylene glycol subacate (DES) with different contents. The results suggested that the Tg of ester-type ECDP decreased with the increasing the molecule weight of the fourth monomer at fixed SIPE and fourth monomer contents. The Tch of ECDP polymer to be lower than that of the CDP polymer with the same SIPE content. And it decreased as SIPE and fourth monomer contents increased, it also decreased with the increasing of the molecule weight of the fourth monomer given the same SIPE content. The effect of the ester-type soft segments reduced the Tm of ECDP. The thermal stability of ECDP polymer was less than PET and CDP polymers, and it decreased with increasing SIPE content, but increased with the ester-type fourth monomer content increasing.

In Situ High Temperature X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Modified Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
T. Blanton ◽  
R. Seyler
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Pet Crystallization

The effect of dimethyl-5-sodiosulfoisophthalate, SIP, on poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, crystallization has been studied using in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction, HTXRD. At low levels of SIP modification, PET-like crystallinity was observed. At high SIP levels, clustering of polyester ionomers was observed and crystallization was significantly suppressed. The HTXRD data along with differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and small angle x-ray scattering, SAXS, indicate that the change from bulk crystallization to bulk ionomer formation occurred when 8-12 mol% of the diester linkages contained SIP.

Structure and Properties of Blends of Polycarbonate and Poly(Ethylene-Terephthalate-Co-p-Hydroxybenzoate): Phase Diagram and Mechanical Behavior

1989 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kosfeld ◽  
Frank Schubert ◽  
Michael Hess ◽  
Witold Brostow
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Equilibrium Phases ◽  
Polymer Liquid Crystal

ABSTRACTThe investigation of the thermal behavior of polymer blends leads to phase diagrams which involve Important information about the system. From these diagrams, equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium phases can be deduced and ranges of miscibility or partial miscibility of the polymers become obvious. Hence the diagrams are of a great value for processing of advanced polymer blends, especially If a polyphasic polymers such as a polymer liquid crystal is one of the constituents of the system.

Melting and Crystallization Properties of Crystalline/Crystalline Blends of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Xue Ming Cai ◽  
Shi Hong Li ◽  
Pan Jin Jia ◽  
Ming Tao Run
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Properties ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Supercooling Degree ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PET/PTT) blends were prepared and their melting and crystallization properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperatures suggest apparently that PET and PTT have good miscibility at amorphous state. The blends with more PET content less likely undergo a melting/recrystallization process during DSC heating scan. In the blends, PET component with higher supercooling degree will crystallize first, and then the crystallites of PET will be the nucleating agents for PTT, which greatly improves the crystallization rate of PTT.

Dielectric Analysis Of Semi-Crystalline Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)

1994 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghua Wei ◽  
Richard Delgado ◽  
Martin C. Hawley ◽  
Mark T.Demeuse
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Dielectric Analysis ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

ABSTRACTDielectric properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were measured over a frequency range of 10 KHz to 2.45 GHz and a temperature range of 20 to 110°C. Relaxation peaks were identified at 1) fixed frequency with variable temperatures, and 2) fixed temperature with variable frequencies. The crystallinity of poly (ethylene terephthalate) was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Relationships between crystallinity, dielectric properties, and location of the dielectric relaxation peak on the frequency and temperature scales were studied for poly(ethylene terephthalate). Also, the dielectric loss factor decreases with increased crystallinity at 2.45 GHz and 4 GHz within the temperature range studied.

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