scholarly journals Special Issue: Radiation Damage in Materials—Helium Effects

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Wang ◽  
Khalid Hattar
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Fission Reactors

Despite its scarcity in terrestrial life, helium effects on microstructure evolution and thermo-mechanical properties can have a significant impact on the operation and lifetime of applications, including: advanced structural steels in fast fission reactors, plasma facing and structural materials in fusion devices, spallation neutron target designs, energetic alpha emissions in actinides, helium precipitation in tritium-containing materials, and nuclear waste materials. The small size of a helium atom combined with its near insolubility in almost every solid makes the helium–solid interaction extremely complex over multiple length and time scales. This Special Issue, “Radiation Damage in Materials—Helium Effects”, contains review articles and full-length papers on new irradiation material research activities and novel material ideas using experimental and/or modeling approaches. These studies elucidate the interactions of helium with various extreme environments and tailored nanostructures, as well as their impact on microstructural evolution and material properties.

A Study of Radiation Effects in Curium-Doped Gd2Ti2O7 (Pyrochlore) and CaZrTi2O7 (Zirconolite)

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Wald ◽  
P. Offemann
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Rare Earth Titanate ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Similar Phase ◽  
Nuclear Waste Forms

Radiation effects studies in both glass and glass ceramic nuclear waste forms have identified a rare-earth titanate phase of the general formula (RE) 2Ti207 which is capable of acting as a host phase for actinides.1,2 Ringwood and co-workers3 have also proposed a structurally similar phase, zirconolite (CaZrTi2 07), as one of the primary host phases in the SYNROC waste form. Data from these and other previous studies, as well as mineralogical information available on these titanate phases, have not provided an unambiguous interpretation of the effects of radiation damage relative to nuclear waste forms. This paper reports new laboratory data concerning radiation damage effects in both of these phases.

scholarly journals Wood Protection and Preservation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Christian Brischke
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range

Wood is an advantageous building material in many respects, but it is biodegradable and therefore requires protection when used in highly hazardous applications. This Special Issue on ‘Wood Protection and Preservation’ comprises 19 papers representing a wide range of aspects related to the field and gives timely examples of research activities that can be observed around the globe.

An Environmental Wind Tunnel Facility for Testing Meteorological Sensor Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Holstein-Rathlou ◽  
J. Merrison ◽  
J. J. Iversen ◽  
A. B. Jakobsen ◽  
R. Nicolajsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wind Flow ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Abstract Reliable and accurate environmental sensing is a cornerstone of modern meteorology. This paper presents a laboratory environmental simulator capable of reproducing extreme environments and performing tests and calibrations of meteorological sensor systems under controlled conditions. This facility is available to the research community as well as industry and is intended to encourage advancement in the field of sensor metrology applied to meteorology and climatology. Discussion will be made of the temperature, pressure, humidity and wind flow control, and sensing systems with reference to specific sensor test programs and future research activities.

Self-Radiation Damage in Actinide Host Phases of Nuclear Waste Forms

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Weber ◽  
J. W. Wald ◽  
Hi. Matzke
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Alpha Decay ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Crystalline Ceramic ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Nuclear Waste Forms

AbstractThree crystalline ceramic materials, which occur as host phases for the long-lived actinides in many nuclear waste formulations, were doped with Cm-244, and the effects of self-radiation damage from alpha decay on microstructure and physical properties were investigated. The irradiation-induced microstructure consisted of individual amorphous tracks from both the alpha-recoil particles and the spontaneous fission fragments. The eventual overlap of the tracks at higher doses leads to a completely amorphous state. This radiation-induced amorphization process results in measured increases in volume, leachability, and stored energy. Thermal recovery of the radiation-induced swelling and amorphization occurs with full recrystallization to the initial structures.

Special Issue on Multi-disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Satake ◽  
Yujiro Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Tsunami Simulation ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Disaster Education

Natural disasters and their mitigation are global issues, especially in Asian countries, which have suffered from such geohazards as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions and such hydrometeorological hazards as typhoons, cyclones, storm surges, and floods. Research on natural hazards and disasters is multidisciplinary. Scientists from a wide variety of disciplines study hazards, their causes, their mechanisms, and prediction. Engineers study infrastructures and measures to reduce vulnerability. Social and humanitarian scientists study cultural and societal aspects of disasters. Educators study effective ways to raise people’s awareness and action. In addition to such research activities, practitioners work to implement the results of scientific research into practical policymaking. This special issue of JDR contains 12 papers on multidisciplinary studies concerning geohazards in Indonesia taken from a Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) project supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). SATREPS projects focus on both the scientific aspect, namely, acquiring new knowledge, and the Official Development Aids (ODA) aspect, namely, implementing such knowledge in societal applications. Following the first review article, which is a project overview, the next four papers report findings on natural hazards – the slip rate on the Lembang fault in Java, tsunami simulation for Java’s Palabuhanratu, the Sinabung volcano eruption in Sumatra, and methods of predicting and evaluating eruptions. One paper reports engineering studies on tsunami disaster mitigation in Padang city and two social science papers present hazards in the contexts of communities and human mobility. Two papers on disaster education cover disaster education development since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the use of tsunami simulation in disaster education. The last research paper and review article deal with policymaking related to the 2010 Mentawai and 2011 Japan tsunamis, respectively. All of these papers, including the review articles, have been peer-reviewed by two nonproject reviewers. We thank the authors for their timely contributions and revisions, and the reviewers for their invaluable and wide-ranging comments.

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