scholarly journals Graphite Nanoplatelets from Waste Chicken Feathers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Pajarito ◽  
Amelia Jane Belarmino ◽  
Rizza Mae Calimbas ◽  
Jillian Rae Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Natural Graphite ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
Waste Chicken Feathers

Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs), a functional 2D nanofiller for polymer nanocomposites, utilize natural graphite as a raw material due to its stacked graphene layers and outstanding material properties upon successful exfoliation into nano-thick sheets. However, the increasing demand for natural graphite in many industrial applications necessitates the use of graphite from waste resources. We synthesized GNPs from waste chicken feathers (WCFs) by graphitizing carbonized chicken feathers and exfoliating the graphitic carbon by high-speed homogenization and sonication. We then separated GNP from non-exfoliated carbon by centrifugation. This paper describes the morphology, chemical, and crystalline properties of WCF and its carbon derivatives, as well as the structural features of WCF-derived carbons. We obtained GNPs that have a 2D structure with huge variations in particle size and thickness. The GNP shows the presence of carbonyl groups, which are mostly attached at the edges of the stacked graphene sheets. Defects in the GNP are higher than in graphene synthesized from direct exfoliation of natural graphite but lower than in graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. To produce GNP of high quality from WCF, restacking of graphene sheets and concentration of carbonyls must be minimized.

On the Chemical Reduced Large Specific Surface Area Graphene Oxide and its Electrochemical Performances

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 615-618
Author(s):  
Li Lai Liu ◽  
Hai Jiao Zhang ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Pei Xia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Electrochemical Performances

Graphene oxide is prepared by modified Hummers method with the expanded graphite prepared from large flake graphite as raw material. The large tracts of graphene sheets prepared by ascorbic acid chemical reduction of graphite oxide are characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical performances of graphene sheets are studied successively. The results show that large tracts of graphene sheets as an anode for lithium-ion batteries exhibits a high capacity of 1693 mAh·g-1 after initial discharge at a current density of 100 mA·g-1 and remains 426 mAh·g-1 after 100 cycles. The graphene sheets show good cycling stability even at high current density. The reversible specific capacities remains 218 mAh g-1 at the current densities of 1000 mA g-1 after 100 cycles.

Rapid Online Buffer Exchange: A Method for Screening of Proteins, Protein Complexes, and Cell Lysates by Native Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary VanAernum ◽  
Florian Busch ◽  
Benjamin J. Jones ◽  
Mengxuan Jia ◽  
Zibo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Native Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Cell Lysates ◽  
Protein Expression And Purification

It is important to assess the identity and purity of proteins and protein complexes during and after protein purification to ensure that samples are of sufficient quality for further biochemical and structural characterization, as well as for use in consumer products, chemical processes, and therapeutics. Native mass spectrometry (nMS) has become an important tool in protein analysis due to its ability to retain non-covalent interactions during measurements, making it possible to obtain protein structural information with high sensitivity and at high speed. Interferences from the presence of non-volatiles are typically alleviated by offline buffer exchange, which is timeconsuming and difficult to automate. We provide a protocol for rapid online buffer exchange (OBE) nMS to directly screen structural features of pre-purified proteins, protein complexes, or clarified cell lysates. Information obtained by OBE nMS can be used for fast (<5 min) quality control and can further guide protein expression and purification optimization.

Ensuring electrical safety of power supply systems of electrified AC railways for highspeed lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Kosarev ◽  
A. V. Barch ◽  
E. N. Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Electrical Safety ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Ballastless Track ◽  
Conventional Structure ◽  
Artificial Earth ◽  
Earth Connection ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract. High-speed railways are fast-growing and promising type of traffic. In Russia development of high-speed railway service is associated with the solution of a number of problems, including infrastructure. Authors propose to use earth connection of the railway catenary with the help of an artificial earthing switch on currently designed high-speed line Moscow—Kazan for 2×25 kV power supply system. Taking into account requirements for electrical safety conditions for maintenance of the track and earthed catenary supports, paper justifies method for calculating allowable voltages of rail—earth points and supports of catenary. Methods takes into account structural features of ballastless track superstructure used for high-speed lines. It is estimated that the voltages admissible under the electrical safety conditions are random in nature and distributed logarithmically normal. When calculating probability of safe operation, one should take into account random nature of both permissible stresses and those actually occurring on the track. It is estimated that the probability of safe operation in traction networks of sections with ballastless track superstructure does not exceed a similar value in electrified sections with the conventional structure of a ballast prism. Feasibility of using a 2×25 kV earth system using an artificial earth connection is confirmed, recommendations on its use are given. Authors substantiate allowable values of the rail—earth voltage and catenary supports, which practically exclude the occurrence of hazardous situations for personnel maintaining the track in sections with ballastless track superstructure.

scholarly journals Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Review on Recent Findings and Challenges in Industrial Applications and Materials Characterization

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Mukti Chaturvedi ◽  
Elena Scutelnicu ◽  
Carmen Catalina Rusu ◽  
Luigi Renato Mistodie ◽  
Danut Mihailescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Control Optimization ◽  
Modern Manufacturing ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a fusion manufacturing process in which the heat energy of an electric arc is employed for melting the electrodes and depositing material layers for wall formation or for simultaneously cladding two materials in order to form a composite structure. This directed energy deposition-arc (DED-arc) method is advantageous and efficient as it produces large parts with structural integrity due to the high deposition rates, reduced wastage of raw material, and low consumption of energy in comparison with the conventional joining processes and other additive manufacturing technologies. These features have resulted in a constant and continuous increase in interest in this modern manufacturing technique which demands further studies to promote new industrial applications. The high demand for WAAM in aerospace, automobile, nuclear, moulds, and dies industries demonstrates compatibility and reflects comprehensiveness. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the evolution, development, and state of the art of WAAM for non-ferrous materials. Key research observations and inferences from the literature reports regarding the WAAM applications, methods employed, process parameter control, optimization and process limitations, as well as mechanical and metallurgical behavior of materials have been analyzed and synthetically discussed in this paper. Information concerning constraints and enhancements of the wire arc additive manufacturing processes to be considered in terms of wider industrial applicability is also presented in the last part of this paper.

KOH modification effectively enhances the Cd and Pb adsorption performance of N-enriched biochar derived from waste chicken feathers

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Huayi Chen ◽  
Xingjian Yang ◽  
Yonglin Liu ◽  
Xueming Lin ◽  
Jinjin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Waste Chicken Feathers

Preparation of graphene oxide by dry planetary ball milling process from natural graphite

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 12657-12668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranita Dash ◽  
Tapan Dash ◽  
Tapan Kumar Rout ◽  
Ashok Kumar Sahu ◽  
Surendra Kumar Biswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Natural Graphite ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Planetary Ball Milling

Graphene oxides (GO) with different degrees of oxidation have been prepared by an in-house designed horizontal high energy planetary ball milling process.

Analyses and evaluation of the main chemical components in different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. e389
Author(s):  
M. Camlica ◽  
G. Yaldiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Tobacco Seeds

The nicotine, reducing sugar and ion contents from the threshing of tobacco can re-used from the industry. The crude oil and fatty oil compositions of tobacco seeds can be considered as an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel. In this study, the nicotine, reducing sugar content, crude oil, fatty acid composition and ion content were determined in 29 genotypes and 1 cultivar of tobacco. The genetic diversity was determined among the tobacco cultivar and genotypes base on examined properties. The nicotine content varied between 0.10-0.87%, reducing sugar ranged from 9.70-21.30%, crude oil varied between 24.33-47.00% and fatty acid compositions was found in the range of 77.94-100%. Linoleic (13.92-75.04%) and butyric (0.33-64.98%) acids were the major components. Overall, the BSR-5 (52.56 mg/g) and ESR-5 (44.58 mg/g) genotypes exhibited the highest potassium contents and ESR-7 (6.54 mg/g) and ESR-8 (1.28 mg/g) genotypes had the lowest chlorine contents. As a result of this study, the highest nicotine content, reducing sugar and crude oil of tobacco were found in ESR-4, ESR-11 and BSR-5 genotypes, respectively. The dendrogram analysis divided the tobacco into two main groups and most of the same origin genotypes fell into the same group. The results indicated that the different tobacco leaves and seeds can be evaluated as an alternative source in the industry as cigarettes, biodiesel and different industrial applications such as cosmetic, oil paints and varnishes based on their chemical properties.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Thermal Behavior of Kraft Lignins

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Ház ◽  
Michal Jablonský ◽  
Igor Šurina ◽  
František Kačík ◽  
Tatiana Bubeníková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molecular Weight Determination ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Process Measurements

Lignin has great potential for utilization as a green raw material or as an additive in various industrial applications, such as energy, valuable chemicals, or cost-effective materials. In this study, we assessed a commercial form of lignin isolated using LignoBoost technology (LB lignin) as well as three other types of lignin (two samples of non-wood lignins and one hardwood kraft lignin) isolated from the waste liquors produced during the pulping process. Measurements were taken for elemental analysis, methoxyl and ash content, higher heating values, thermogravimetric analysis, and molecular weight determination. We found that the elemental composition of the isolated lignins affected their thermal stability, activation energies, and higher heating values. The lignin samples examined showed varying amounts of functional groups, inorganic component compositions, and molecular weight distributions. Mean activation energies ranged from 93 to 281 kJ/mol. Lignins with bimodal molecular weight distribution were thermally decomposed in two stages, whereas the LB lignin showing a unimodal molecular weight distribution was decomposed in a single thermal stage. Based on its thermal properties, the LB lignin may find direct applications in biocomposites where a higher thermal resistance is required.

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrical Resistivities of Mica Glass-Ceramics with Flake Phlogopite and Waste Glass

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 640-643
Author(s):  
Yu Fei Chen ◽  
Yan Gai Liu ◽  
Xiao Wen Wu ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Hao Fang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Electrical Resistivities

Mica glass-ceramics can be applied in all kinds of electrical equipment, locomotive internal circuits in high-speed rail, ordinary electric locomotive and subway locomotive. In this study, mica glass-ceramics were prepared by sintering process using flake mica and waste glass as the main raw material with low cost. Different mica glass-ceramic samples were fabricated by changing the formula of raw materials, molding process and sintering temperature. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, three-point bending test, and balanced-bridge technique were applied to investigate the phase, microstructure, mechanical and electrical resistivities of the samples, respectively. The results show that the optimum sintering temperature is 900 to 1000 °C holding for two hours, the desirable ratio is 70 wt% of mica powder while 30 wt% of glass powder. In that condition the sample could be less porosity, high flexural strength (63.3 MPa) and eligible electrical resistivity (0.4×1013 Ω·cm).

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