scholarly journals High Potential of Bacterial Adhesion on Block Bone Graft Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Themistoklis Nisyrios ◽  
Lamprini Karygianni ◽  
Tobias Fretwurst ◽  
Katja Nelson ◽  
Elmar Hellwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Bone Grafting Materials ◽  
Graft Removal ◽  
Block Bone Graft

Bone graft infections represent a challenge in daily clinics, resulting in increased patient discomfort and graft removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the initial adhesion of five representative pathogens on three different block bone graft materials (xenogeneic, alloplastic and allogeneic) and to assess if chlorhexidine (CHX) can effectively control the initial bacterial adhesion. Three different block bone grafting materials (Tutobone®, Endobon® and human spongiosa) were incubated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence or absence of 0.2% CHX solution. Bacterial adhesion was assessed by the direct counting of the colony-forming units (CFUs) and visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, the selected bacterial species adhered successfully to all tested bone replacement scaffolds, which showed similar bacterial counts. The lg CFU values ranged from 5.29 ± 0.14 to 5.48 ± 0.72 for E. coli, from 4.37 ± 0.62 to 5.02 ± 0.48 for S. aureus, from 4.92 ± 0.34 to 4.95 ± 0.21 for S. mutans, from 4.97 ± 0.40 to 5.22 ± 0.13 for E. faecalis and from 4.23 ± 0.54 to 4.58 ± 0.26 for P. aeruginosa. CHX did not interfere with initial microbial adhesion, and yet it killed all adhered bacterial cells. Thus, CHX can be used to prevent subsequent biofilm infections.

Antimicrobial Activity of Gaseous Allyl Isothiocyanate

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
PASCAL J. DELAQUIS ◽  
PETER L. SHOLBERG
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Model System ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Simple Model System ◽  
Germination And Growth

A simple model system was constructed to evaluate the microbistatic and microbicidal properties of gaseous allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) against bacterial cells and fungal conidia deposited on agar surfaces. Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were inhibited when exposed to 1,000 μg AIT per liter. Pseudomonas corrugata, a Cytophaga species, and a fluorescent pseudomonad failed to grow in the presence of 500 μg AIT per liter. Germination and growth of Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus flavus, and Botrytis cinerea conidia was inhibited in the presence of 100 μg AIT per liter. Bactericidal and sporicidal activities varied with strain and increased with time of exposure, AIT concentration, and temperature. E. coli O157:H7 was the most resistant bacterial species tested.

scholarly journals Adhesion ofE. coliBacteria Cells to Prosthodontic Alloys Surfaces Modified by TiO2Sol-Gel Coatings

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Banaszek ◽  
Witold Szymanski ◽  
Bożena Pietrzyk ◽  
Leszek Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bare Metal ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Modified Surfaces ◽  
Bare Substrate ◽  
Scanning Electron

The evaluation of the degree of bacteriaE. coliadhesion to modified surfaces of the chosen prosthodontic alloys was presented. The study was carried out on Co-Cr (Wironit), Ni-Cr (Fantocer), and Fe-Cr-Ni (Magnum AN) alloys. Bare substrate as a control and titanium dioxide coated samples were used. The samples were placed for 24 hours in bacterial culture medium. After incubation period, a number of bacterial cells were evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The study revealed that modification of the alloy surfaces by titanium dioxide coating significantly decreases the amount of bacteria adhering to the surfaces and that additionally bare metal alloy substrates have a different degree of susceptibility to bacterial adhesion.

scholarly journals Disrupting Irreversible Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation with an Engineered Enzyme

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Mayton ◽  
Sharon L. Walker ◽  
Bryan W. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
The Impact

Biofilm formation is often attributed to post-harvest bacteria persistence on fresh produce and food handling surfaces. In this study, a predicted glycosyl hydrolase enzyme was expressed, purified and validated for removal of microbial biofilms from biotic and abiotic surfaces under conditions used for chemical cleaning agents. Crystal violet biofilm staining assays revealed that 0.1 mg/mL of enzyme inhibited up to 41% of biofilm formation by E. coli O157:H7, E. coli 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. Further, the enzyme was effective at removing mature biofilms, providing a 35% improvement over rinsing with a saline solution alone. Additionally, a parallel-plate flow cell was used to directly observe and quantify the impact of enzyme rinses on E. coli O157:H7 cells adhered to spinach leaf surfaces. The presence of 1 mg/L enzyme resulted in nearly 6 times greater detachment rate coefficients than a DI water rinse, while the total cells removed from the surface increased from 10% to 25% over the 30 minute rinse time, reversing the initial phases of biofilm formation. Enzyme treatment of all 4 cell types resulted in significantly reduced cell surface hydrophobicity, and collapse of negatively stained E. coli 25922 cells imaged by electron microscopy, suggesting potential polysaccharide surface modification of enzyme-treated bacteria. Collectively, these results point to the broad substrate specificity and robustness of the enzyme to different types of biofilm stages, solution conditions and pathogen biofilm types, and may be useful as a method for removal or inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE In this study, the ability of an engineered enzyme to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of several foodborne pathogens was demonstrated, representing a promising option for enhancing or replacing chlorine and other chemical sanitizers in food processing applications. Specifically, significant reductions of the pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes biofilms are observed, as well as reduction in initial adhesion. Enzymes have the added benefits of being green, sustainable alternatives to chemical sanitizers, as well as having minimal impact on food properties, in contrast with many alternative antimicrobial options such as bleach that aim to minimize food safety risks.

scholarly journals Modifying TIMER, a slow-folding DsRed derivative, for optimal use in quickly-dividing bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Patel ◽  
Brendan J. O’Hara ◽  
Emily Aunins ◽  
Kimberly M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Host Tissues

AbstractIt is now well appreciated that members of pathogenic bacterial populations exhibit heterogeneity in growth rates and metabolic activity, and it is known this can impact the ability to eliminate all members of the bacterial population during antibiotic treatment. It remains unclear which pathways promote slowed bacterial growth within host tissues, primarily because it has been difficult to identify and isolate slow growing bacteria from host tissues for downstream analyses. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel variant of TIMER, a slow-folding fluorescent protein, to identify subsets of slowly dividing bacteria within host tissues. The original TIMER folds too slowly for fluorescence accumulation in quickly replicating bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis), however this TIMER42 variant accumulates signal in late stationary phase cultures of E. coli and Y. pseudotuberculosis. We show TIMER42 signal also accumulates during exposure to sources of nitric oxide (NO), suggesting TIMER42 signal detects growth-arrested bacterial cells. In a mouse model of Y. pseudotuberculosis deep tissue infection, TIMER42 signal is clearly detected, and primarily accumulates in bacteria expressing markers of stationary phase growth. There was not significant overlap between TIMER42 signal and NO-exposed subpopulations of bacteria within host tissues, suggesting NO stress was transient, allowing bacteria to recover from this stress and resume replication. This novel TIMER42 variant represents a new faster folding TIMER that will enable additional studies of slow-growing subpopulations of bacteria, specifically within bacterial species that quickly divide.Author SummaryWe have generated a variant of TIMER that can be used to mark slow-growing subsets of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which has a relatively short division time, similar to E. coli. We used a combination of site-directed and random mutagenesis to generate the TIMER42 variant, which has red fluorescent signal accumulation in post-exponential or stationary phase cells. We found that nitric oxide (NO) stress is sufficient to promote TIMER42 signal accumulation in culture, however within host tissues, TIMER42 signal correlates with a stationary phase reporter (dps). These results suggest NO may cause an immediate arrest in bacterial cell division, but during growth in host tissues exposure to NO is transient, allowing bacteria to recover from this stress and resume cell division. Thus instead of indicating a response to host stressors, TIMER42 signal accumulation within host tissues appears to identify slow-growing cells that are experiencing nutrient limitation.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Diazinon, Pirimicarb and Atrazine Pesticides Using Bacterial Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Highly Efficient

Bacterial species such as E.coli, S. aureus and Sa. bongori were isolated from soil by using serial dilution. Bioremediation results showed the S. aureus was highly efficient on Diazinon removal by 62%, 63.2% and 68.6%, Pirimicarb removal was 44%, 52.4% and 53.8%, and Atrazine removal was 61%, 65.6% and 70.6%. and the efficiency of E.coli removal on Diazinon was 59%, 60.8% and 63.8%; on Pirimicarb was 44%, 52.4% and 53.8%; and for Atrazine 57%, 60.8% and 64.4%. Sa. bongori efficiency on Diazinon was 49%, 51.2% and 55.8%; on Pirimicarb removal was 61%, 63.2% and 68.4%; Also, in Atrazine removal 48%, 50.4% and 57.2%. When comparing the growth rate of bacterial cells. The bacterial cells before treatment with S. aureus was 22.01×10^4, Results after treatment showed Diazinon of 35.58×10^4. The Pirimicarb 32.41×10^4 and Atrazine was 38.45 ×10^4. Either E. coli Its bacterial growth was before treatment 17.09×10^4 To show the results of growth on diazinon 30.43×10^4, Pirimicarb 27.71×10^4 and Atrazine 24.34 ×10^4. While the growth was in Sa. bongori Before treatment 10.09×10^4 While recorded a growth rate on Diazinon 18.82×10^4, Pirimicarb 19.98×10^4 and Atrazine 17.08 ×10^4.These bacterial species efficiencies on bioremediation of these three pesticides proved to be promising It can be used safely in the process of removing pesticides, yet more research on safety, mechanisms and kinetics needs to be further investigated.

Detection and Identification of Bacteria in a Juice Matrix with Fourier Transform–Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. RODRIGUEZ-SAONA ◽  
F. M. KHAMBATY ◽  
F. S. FRY ◽  
J. DUBOIS ◽  
E. M. CALVEY
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli

The use of Fourier transform–near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate pattern recognition techniques was evaluated to address the need for a fast and sensitive method for the detection of bacterial contamination in liquids. The complex cellular composition of bacteria produces FT-NIR vibrational transitions (overtone and combination bands), forming the basis for identification and subtyping. A database including strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis was built, with special care taken to optimize sample preparation. The bacterial cells were treated with 70% (vol/vol) ethanol to enhance safe handling of pathogenic strains and then concentrated on an aluminum oxide membrane to obtain a thin bacterial film. This simple membrane filtration procedure generated reproducible FT-NIR spectra that allowed for the rapid discrimination among closely related strains. Principal component analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy of transformed spectra in the region 5,100 to 4,400 cm−1 were able to discriminate between bacterial species. Spectroscopic analysis of apple juices inoculated with different strains of E. coli at approximately 105 CFU/ml showed that FT-NIR spectral features are consistent with bacterial contamination and soft independent modeling of class analogy correctly predicted the identity of the contaminant as strains of E. coli. FT-NIR in conjunction with multivariate techniques can be used for the rapid and accurate evaluation of potential bacterial contamination in liquids with minimal sample manipulation, and hence limited exposure of the laboratory worker to the agents.

scholarly journals RNA Polymerases from Bacillus subtilisand Escherichia coli Differ in Recognition of Regulatory Signals In Vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (21) ◽  
pp. 6027-6035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Artsimovitch ◽  
Vladimir Svetlov ◽  
Larry Anthony ◽  
Richard R. Burgess ◽  
Robert Landick
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Rna Polymerases ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Promoter Recognition ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT Adaptation of bacterial cells to diverse habitats relies on the ability of RNA polymerase to respond to various regulatory signals. Some of these signals are conserved throughout evolution, whereas others are species specific. In this study we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of RNA polymerases from two distantly related bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, using a panel of in vitro transcription assays. We found substantial species-specific differences in the ability of these enzymes to escape from the promoter and to recognize certain types of elongation signals. Both enzymes responded similarly to other pause and termination signals and to the general E. coli elongation factors NusA and GreA. We also demonstrate that, although promoter recognition depends largely on the ς subunit, promoter discrimination exhibited in species-specific fashion by both RNA polymerases resides in the core enzyme. We hypothesize that differences in signal recognition are due to the changes in contacts made between the β and β′ subunits and the downstream DNA duplex.

scholarly journals Feeding Lactobacilli as probiotic and proportion of Escherichia coli in the intestine of calves

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
SM Amanullah ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
RN Subarna ◽  
R Bateen ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
De Man

A study was conducted to determine the ability of oral Lactobacillus bacteria as probiotic to increase the Lactobacilli and decrease the Escherichia coli (E. coli) population in the intestine of calves. Bacteria were isolated from yoghurt (Dahi) with selective de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar media and identified as Lactobacillus, followed by mass production of bacterial cells and freeze drying. Four one-day-old calves were divided into two groups. One group (n=2) was fed freeze-dried bacterial cells and remaining group (n=2) was a control. After 60 days, one calf from each group was slaughtered to enumerate Lactobacillus and E. coli bacteria on intestinal wall. The number of colony-forming units (cfu) of Lactobacillus was significantly (p>0.01) higher in the intestinal wall of Lactobacillus-fed calf than in the control. On the other hand the number of E. coli was significantly (p>0.01) lower in Lactobacillus-fed calf. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v26i1.4627 Bangl. vet. 2009. Vol. 26, No. 1, 17-22

scholarly journals relA Inactivation Converts Sulfonamides Into Bactericidal Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Si ◽  
Jing Gu ◽  
Mi Wen ◽  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Joy Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Folate Biosynthesis ◽  
Base Excision

Folates are required for the de novo biosynthesis of purines, thymine, methionine, glycine, and pantothenic acid, key metabolites that bacterial cells cannot survive without. Sulfonamides, which inhibit bacterial folate biosynthesis and are generally considered as bacteriostats, have been extensively used as broad-spectrum antimicrobials for decades. Here we show that, deleting relA in Escherichia coli and other bacterial species converted sulfamethoxazole from a bacteriostat into a bactericide. Not as previously assumed, the bactericidal effect of SMX was not caused by thymine deficiency. When E. coli ∆relA was treated with SMX, reactive oxygen species and ferrous ion accumulated inside the bacterial cells, which caused extensive DNA double-strand breaks without the involvement of incomplete base excision repair. In addition, sulfamethoxazole showed bactericidal effect against E. coli O157 ∆relA in mice, suggesting the possibility of designing new potentiators for sulfonamides targeting RelA. Thus, our study uncovered the previously unknown bactericidal effects of sulfonamides, which advances our understanding of their mechanisms of action, and will facilitate the designing of new potentiators for them.

scholarly journals Bacterial adhesion to intravenous cannulae: influence of implantation in the rabbit and of enzyme treatments

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Single Material

SUMMARYComparison was made of the adhesion ofStaphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenesandPseudomonas aeruginosato six types of intravascular cannula material. Adhesion to materials removed from rabbit tissues did not differ significantly between types of material or between bacterial species. In contrast, major differences were found when unimplanted materials were examined; the overall rank order of adhesiveness of bacteria to unimplanted materials (S. epidermidis > P. aeruginosa > S. aureus≫K. aerogenes > E. coli) was highly significant (F= 13·0,P< 0·0005), and although no single material was consistently least attractive to all micro-organisms, FEP-Teflon and PTFE-Teflon showed significantly lower overall affinity for bacteria than other materials (P < 0·001); all species showed a significant preference for a silicone polymer (P < 0·0005). The nature of the bacterial surface structures responsible for adhesion were investigated by the actions of pronase and mixed glycosidase, which produced significant respective decreases and increases in adhesion of staphylococci to unimplanted materials; their effects on the Gramnegative bacilli were less consistent.

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