scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Printing of Continuous Flax Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by Five-Axis Machine

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiguang Zhang ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Tinglong Huang ◽  
Qingxi Hu ◽  
Herfried Lammer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Five Axis

A method for printing continuous flax fiber-reinforced plastic (CFFRP) composite parts by five-axis three-dimensional (3D) printer, based on fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology, has been developed. FFF printed parts usually need supporting structures, have a stair step effect, and unfavorable mechanical properties. In order to address these deficiencies, continuous natural fiber prepreg filaments were first manufactured, followed by curved path planning for the model for generation of the G-code, and finally printed by a five-axis 3D printer. The surface quality of printed parts was greatly improved. The tensile strength and modulus of CFFRP increased by 89% and 73%, respectively, compared with polylactic acid (PLA) filaments. The flexural strength and modulus of the 3D-printed CFFRP specimens increased by 211% and 224%, respectively, compared with PLA specimens. The maximal curved bending force load and stiffness of the 3D-printed CFFRP specimens increased by 39% and 115%, respectively, compared with the flat slicing method. Advanced light structures, such as leaf springs, can be designed and manufactured by taking advantage of the favorable properties of these composites, which endow them with significant potential for application in the field of automobiles.

Stiffness prediction of 3D printed fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555
Author(s):  
Jin Young Choi ◽  
Mark Timothy Kortschot
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extrusion Direction ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose The purpose of this study is to confirm that the stiffness of fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensionally (3D) printed fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (FRP) materials can be predicted using classical laminate theory (CLT), and to subsequently use the model to demonstrate its potential to improve the mechanical properties of FFF 3D printed parts intended for load-bearing applications. Design/methodology/approach The porosity and the fiber orientation in specimens printed with carbon fiber reinforced filament were calculated from micro-computed tomography (µCT) images. The infill portion of the sample was modeled using CLT, while the perimeter contour portion was modeled with a rule of mixtures (ROM) approach. Findings The µCT scan images showed that a low porosity of 0.7 ± 0.1% was achieved, and the fibers were highly oriented in the filament extrusion direction. CLT and ROM were effective analytical models to predict the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of FFF 3D printed FRP laminates. Research limitations/implications In this study, the CLT model was only used to predict the properties of flat plates. Once the in-plane properties are known, however, they can be used in a finite element analysis to predict the behavior of plate and shell structures. Practical implications By controlling the raster orientation, the mechanical properties of a FFF part can be optimized for the intended application. Originality/value Before this study, CLT had not been validated for FFF 3D printed FRPs. CLT can be used to help designers tailor the raster pattern of each layer for specific stiffness requirements.

scholarly journals Fused Filament Fabrication of Polymers and Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Advances in Structure Optimization and Health Monitoring

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mashayekhi ◽  
Julien Bardon ◽  
Vincent Berthé ◽  
Henri Perrin ◽  
Stephan Westermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

3D printed neat thermoplastic polymers (TPs) and continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) by fused filament fabrication (FFF) are becoming attractive materials for numerous applications. However, the structure of these materials exhibits interfaces at different scales, engendering non-optimal mechanical properties. The first part of the review presents a description of these interfaces and highlights the different strategies to improve interfacial bonding. The actual knowledge on the structural aspects of the thermoplastic matrix is also summarized in this contribution with a focus on crystallization and orientation. The research to be tackled to further improve the structural properties of the 3D printed materials is identified. The second part of the review provides an overview of structural health monitoring technologies relying on the use of fiber Bragg grating sensors, strain gauge sensors and self-sensing. After a brief discussion on these three technologies, the needed research to further stimulate the development of FFF is identified. Finally, in the third part of this contribution the technology landscape of FFF processes for CFRTPCs is provided, including the future trends.

scholarly journals Damping Behavior of Thermoplastic Organic Sheets with Continuous Natural Fiber-Reinforcement

Vibration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Martin Dannemann ◽  
Sebastian Siwek ◽  
Niels Modler ◽  
André Wagenführ ◽  
Johannes Tietze
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Damping Behavior ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Materials ◽  
Fiber Materials

In the field of lightweight construction, the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in composites has been increasingly discussed. Additionally, the damping properties of natural fibers are known from fiber materials such as fiber insulation boards. In the scope of the work presented here, the focus is on identifying the potential of natural fibers for lightweight structures with high vibration damping capacity. For this purpose, test specimens made of flax fiber-reinforced and glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites were manufactured and characterized. Contrary to expectations, the flax fiber-reinforced composite exhibited an almost isotropic damping characteristic. A comparison of the damping and stiffness properties determined by measurement confirms the high potential of natural fiber-reinforced materials for lightweight structures with high damping.

Vacuum-Bag-Only (VBO) Molding of Flax Fiber-reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Naval Shipyards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Popineau ◽  
A. Célino ◽  
M. Le Gall ◽  
L. Martineau ◽  
C. Baley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

Mechanical performance and moisture absorption of various natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 969-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole-Lee M. Robertson ◽  
John A. Nychka ◽  
Kirill Alemaskin ◽  
John D. Wolodko
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

Natural Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Omar Faruk ◽  
Birat KC ◽  
Ahmed Sobh ◽  
Jimi Tjong ◽  
Mohini Sain
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

Fused filament fabrication of continuous optic fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yan ◽  
Yuye Wang ◽  
Pengjun Luo ◽  
Yangbo Li ◽  
Xiaochun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Optic Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Axial Tensile

Purpose The limited strength of polylactic acid (PLA) hinders its extensive engineering applications. This paper aims to enhance its strength and realize diverse applications. Design/methodology/approach Here, the continuous fiber reinforced PLA composites are fabricated by a customized fused filament fabrication three-dimensional printer. Uniaxial tensile and three-point flexural tests have been conducted to analyze the reinforcement effect of the proposed composites. To unveil the adhering mechanism of optic fiber (OF) and PLA, post failure analysis including the micro imaging and morphology have been performed. The underlying mechanism is that the axial tensile strength of the OF and the interfacial adhesion between PLA and OF compete to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite. Findings It is found that 10%–20% enhancement of strength, ductility and toughness due to the incorporation of the continuous OF. Originality/value The continuous OFs are put into PLA first time to improve the strength. The fabrication method and process reported here are potentially applied in such engineering applications as aerospace, defense, auto, medicine, etc.

Z-pin insertion process for through-thickness reinforced thermoplastic composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Hoffmann ◽  
Alexander Brast ◽  
Gerhard Scharr
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Waviness ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Pullout Tests ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Insertion Process

This paper presents a novel method for the ultrasonically assisted insertion of metallic z-pins into thermoplastic composites. Mechanical and microstructural investigations were carried out on glass fiber-reinforced polyamide and polypropylene specimens. The insertion of steel pins into thermoplastic composites led to microstructural changes that differ significantly from the known microstructure of z-pinned thermoset fiber-reinforced plastics. Optical microscopy showed an absence of notable fiber waviness and resin-rich zones around each pin. Instead, the fibers were predominantly deflected in the through-thickness direction by the high insertion forces arising during pin penetration. To gain an initial insight on the resulting properties of the z-pin/thermoplastic interface, the mechanical properties of z-pinned thermoplastic composites under mode I loading were investigated using pullout tests. For reference, the pullout behavior of thermoset carbon fiber-reinforced plastic specimens, reinforced with steel pins was determined too. Due to the poor bonding and lack of friction between the pin and laminate, the determined traction loads of the thermoplastic specimens are well below typical values achieved from pin pullout in thermoset laminates.

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