scholarly journals Nanocomposite Polymeric Materials Based on Eucalyptus Lignoboost® Kraft Lignin for Liquid Sensing Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia S. Leça Gonçalves ◽  
Alisa Rudnitskaya ◽  
António J.M. Sales ◽  
Luís M. Cadillon Costa ◽  
Dmitry V. Evtuguin
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Potentiometric Sensors ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Liquid Sensing

This study reports the synthesis of polyurethane–lignin copolymer blended with carbon multilayer nanotubes to be used in all-solid-state potentiometric chemical sensors. Known applicability of lignin-based polyurethanes doped with carbon nanotubes for chemical sensing was extended to eucalyptus LignoBoost® kraft lignin containing increased amounts of polyphenolic groups from concomitant tannins that were expected to impart specificity and sensitivity to the sensing material. Synthesized polymers were characterized using FT-MIR spectroscopy, electrical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry and are used for manufacturing of all solid-state potentiometric sensors. Potentiometric sensor with LignoBoost® kraft lignin-based polyurethane membrane displayed theoretical response and high selectivity to Cu (II) ions, as well as long-term stability.

scholarly journals Lignosulfonate-Based Conducting Flexible Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Sensing Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5331
Author(s):  
Sandra Magina ◽  
Alisa Rudnitskaya ◽  
Sílvia Soreto ◽  
Luís Cadillon Costa ◽  
Ana Barros-Timmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Potentiometric Sensors ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Liquid Sensing

In this study, lignosulfonate (LS) from the acid sulfite pulping of eucalypt wood was used to synthesize LS-based polyurethanes (PUs) doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the range of 0.1–1.4% w/w, yielding a unique conducting copolymer composite, which was employed as a sensitive material for all-solid-state potentiometric chemical sensors. LS-based PUs doped with 1.0% w/w MWCNTs exhibited relevant electrical conductivity suitable for sensor applications. The LS-based potentiometric sensor displayed a near-Nernstian or super-Nernstian response to a wide range of transition metals, including Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Hg(II), and Ag(I) at pH 7 and Cr(VI) at pH 2. It also exhibited a redox response to the Fe(II)/(III) redox pair at pH 2. Unlike other lignin-based potentiometric sensors in similar composite materials, this LS-based flexible polymeric membrane did not show irreversible complexation with Hg(II). Only a weak response toward ionic liquids, [C2mim]Cl and ChCl, was registered. Unlike LS-based composites comprising MWCNTs, those doped with graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and graphite (Gr) did not reveal the same electrical conductivity, even with loads up to 10% (w/w), in the polymer composite. This fact is associated, at least partially, with the different filler dispersion abilities within the polymeric matrix.

scholarly journals Proof-of-Concept of Detection of Counterfeit Medicine through Polymeric Materials Analysis of Plastics Packaging

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2185
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salim ◽  
Riyanto Teguh Widodo ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Counterfeit Drug ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Counterfeit Medicines ◽  
Counterfeit Medicine ◽  
Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals ◽  
Purge Gas ◽  
Sample Set

The detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals is always a major challenge, but the early detection of counterfeit medicine in a country will reduce the fatal risk among consumers. Technically, fast laboratory testing is vital to develop an effective surveillance and monitoring system of counterfeit medicines. This study proposed the combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for the quick detection of counterfeit medicines, through the polymer analysis of blister packaging materials. A sample set containing three sets of original and counterfeit medicine was analyzed using ATR-FTIR and DSC, while the spectra from ATR-FTIR were employed as a fingerprint for the polymer characterization. Intending to analyze the polymeric material of each sample, DSC was set at a heating rate of 10 °C min−l and within a temperature range of 0- 400 °C, with nitrogen as a purge gas at a flow rate of 20 ml min−an. The ATR-FTIR spectra revealed the chemical characteristics of the plastic packaging of fake and original medicines. Further analysis of the counterfeit medicine’s packaging with DSC exhibited a distinct difference from the original due to the composition of polymers in the packaging material used. Overall, this study confirmed that the rapid analysis of polymeric materials through ATR-FTIR and comparing DSC thermograms of the plastic in their packaging effectively distinguished counterfeit drug products.

Solid-State Reactions in Multilayer Ni/Ti Thin Film Composites

1990 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian E. Winters ◽  
K.M. Unruh ◽  
C.P. Swann ◽  
M.E. Patt ◽  
B.E. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Metastable Solid Solution ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Solid State Transformation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Thin Film Composites ◽  
Film Composites ◽  
Rf Sputter Deposition

AbstractMultilayer films, consisting of alternating layers of crystalline Ni and Ti, have been prepared by RF sputter deposition over a range of modulation wavelengths corresponding to an overall composition of Ni50Ti50. These films have been characterized by xray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering measurements. The solid-state transformation by interdiffusional mixing of the individual layers has been directly studied by differential scanning calorimetry and correlated with structural measurements. These measurements indicate that the solid-state reaction of Ni and Ti multilayers proceeds through the formation of a metastable solid solution of Ti in Ni followed by the formation of intermetallic equilibrium compounds. No direct calorimetric or structural evidence for the formation of an amorphous Ni-Ti phase has been found in these samples.

One-Step Simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry-FTIR Microspectroscopy to Quickly Detect Continuous Pathways in the Solid-State Glucose/Asparagine Maillard Reaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng-Fwu Hwang ◽  
Tzu-Feng Hsieh ◽  
Shan-Yang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ftir Microspectroscopy ◽  
Amadori Product

Abstract The stepwise reaction pathway of the solid-state Maillard reaction between glucose (Glc) and asparagine (Asn) was investigated using simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-FTIR microspectroscopy. The color change and FTIR spectra of Glc-Asn physical mixtures (molar ratio = 1:1) preheated to different temperatures followed by cooling were also examined. The successive reaction products such as Schiff base intermediate, Amadori product, and decarboxylated Amadori product in the solid-state Glc-Asn Maillard reaction were first simultaneously evidenced by this unique DSC-FTIR microspectroscopy. The color changed from white to yellow-brown to dark brown, and appearance of new IR peaks confirmed the formation of Maillard reaction products. The present study clearly indicates that this unique DSC-FTIR technique not only accelerates but also detects precursors and products of the Maillard reaction in real time.

scholarly journals Mesomorphic Behavior in Silver(I) N-(4-Pyridyl) Benzamide with Aromatic π–π Stacking Counterions

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issac Torres ◽  
Mauro Ruiz ◽  
Hung Phan ◽  
Noemi Dominguez ◽  
Jacobo Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
New Family ◽  
Π Stacking ◽  
Capable Groups ◽  
New Generation

Organic semiconductor materials composed of π–π stacking aromatic compounds have been under intense investigation for their potential uses in flexible electronics and other advanced technologies. Herein we report a new family of seven π–π stacking compounds of silver(I) bis-N-(4-pyridyl) benzamide with varying counterions, namely [Ag(NPBA)2]X, where NPBA is N-(4-pyridyl) benzamine, X = NO3− (1), ClO4− (2), CF3SO3− (3), PF6− (4), BF4− (5), CH3PhSO3− (6), and PhSO3− (7), which form extended π−π stacking networks in one-dimensional (1D), 2D and 3D directions in the crystalline solid-state via the phenyl moiety, with average inter-ring distances of 3.823 Å. Interestingly, the counterions that contain π–π stacking-capable groups, such as in 6 and 7, can induce the formation of mesomorphic phases at 130 °C in dimethylformamide (DMF), and can generate highly branched networks at the mesoscale. Atomic force microscopy studies showed that 2D interconnected fibers form right after nucleation, and they extend from ~30 nm in diameter grow to reach the micron scale, which suggests that it may be possible to stop the process in order to obtain nanofibers. Differential scanning calorimetry studies showed no remarkable thermal behavior in the complexes in the solid state, which suggests that the mesomorphic phases originate from the mechanisms that occur in the DMF solution at high temperatures. An all-electron level simulation of the band gaps using NRLMOL (Naval Research Laboratory Molecular Research Library) on the crystals gave 3.25 eV for (1), 3.68 eV for (2), 1.48 eV for (3), 5.08 eV for (4), 1.53 eV for (5), and 3.55 eV for (6). Mesomorphic behavior in materials containing π–π stacking aromatic interactions that also exhibit low-band gap properties may pave the way to a new generation of highly branched organic semiconductors.

scholarly journals Perovskite Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Chae-Ho Yim ◽  
Vladimir Pankov ◽  
Mackenzie Bauer ◽  
Elena Baranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Window ◽  
Solid State Electrolytes

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have become increasingly important in recent years due to their potential to offer higher energy density and enhanced safety compared to conventional liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, they require highly functional solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) and, therefore, many inorganic materials such as oxides of perovskite La2/3−xLi3xTiO3 (LLTO) and garnets La3Li7Zr2O12 (LLZO), sulfides Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS), and phosphates Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3x (LATP) are under investigation. Among these oxide materials, LLTO exhibits superior safety, wider electrochemical window (8 V vs. Li/Li+), and higher bulk conductivity values reaching in excess of 10−3 S cm−1 at ambient temperature, which is close to organic liquid-state electrolytes presently used in LIBs. However, recent studies focus primarily on composite or hybrid electrolytes that mix LLTO with organic polymeric materials. There are scarce studies of pure (100%) LLTO electrolytes in solid-state LMBs and there is a need to shed more light on this type of electrolyte and its potential for LMBs. Therefore, in our review, we first elaborated on the structure/property relationship between compositions of perovskites and their ionic conductivities. We then summarized current issues and some successful attempts for the fabrication of pure LLTO electrolytes. Their electrochemical and battery performances were also presented. We focused on tape casting as an effective method to prepare pure LLTO thin films that are compatible and can be easily integrated into existing roll-to-roll battery manufacturing processes. This review intends to shed some light on the design and manufacturing of LLTO for all-ceramic electrolytes towards safer and higher power density solid-state LMBs.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Green Epoxy Resin Composites and Its Use in Corrosion Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Hassan Faris
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Nano Titanium Dioxide

In this work, appropriate alternative for diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) was found to avoid the destructive effects of bisphenol A. Lignin, an aromatic compound from palm tree leaves, was used as a renewable material to synthesize a bio-based epoxy resin. Lignin extracted using Kraft pulping process. Kraft Lignin was epoxidized with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium. Nano-titanium dioxide was used as filler with ratio of 10% to prepare the green epoxy composite. The structure of the Kraft lignin and lignin-based epoxy resin was proven via Infrared spectra (FT-IR) were recorded using solid KBr disk by testing Shimadzu (FT-IR-8300) spectrophotometer. The thermal properties of the curing process of lignin-based epoxy resin and composite were investigate using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Potentiodynamic measurements data revealed that the anti-corrosion performance of the lignin based epoxy resin. The study demonstrates successful of epoxidation of Kraft lignin. In addition, lignin based eopxy resin showed effective inhibitor for carbon steel in 3.5 wt. % NaCl electrolyte solutions

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