scholarly journals Fuel Cell Electrode Characterization Using Neutron Scattering

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Holderer ◽  
Marcelo Carmo ◽  
Meital Shviro ◽  
Werner Lehnert ◽  
Yohei Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Proton Mobility ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrode ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Cell Electrode ◽  
The Individual

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage is key for the use of regenerative energies at large scale. A thorough understanding of the individual components, such as the ion conducting membrane and the electrode layers, can be obtained with scattering techniques on atomic to molecular length scales. The largely heterogeneous electrode layers of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells are studied in this work with small- and wide-angle neutron scattering at the same time with the iMATERIA diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at J-PARC, opening a view on structural properties on atomic to mesoscopic length scales. Recent results on the proton mobility from the same samples measured with backscattering spectroscopy are put into relation with the structural findings.

scholarly journals Fuel Cell Electrode Characterization Using Neutron Scattering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Holderer ◽  
Marcelo Carmo ◽  
Meital Shviro ◽  
Werner Lehnert ◽  
Yohei Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrode ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Cell Electrode ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Storage

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage is key for the use of regenerative energies at large scale. A thorough understanding of the individual components, such as the ion conducting membrane and the electrode layers, can be obtained with scattering techniques on atomit to molecular length scales. The largely heterogeneous electrode layers of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells are studied in this work with small- and wide-angle neutron scattering at the same time with the iMATERIA diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at J-PARC, opening a view on structural properties on atomic to mesoscopic length scales.

Multiscale Tomography-Based Analysis of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Towards a Fully Resolved Gas Diffusion Electrode Reconstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Klingele ◽  
Riko Moroni ◽  
Severin Vierrath ◽  
Simon Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrode ◽  
Cell Electrode ◽  
And Control

The microstructure of a fuel cell electrode largely determines the performance of the whole fuel cell system. In this regard, tomographic imaging is a valuable tool for the understanding and control of the electrode morphology. The distribution of pore- and feature-sizes within fuel cell electrodes covers several orders of magnitude, ranging from millimeters in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) down to few nanometers in the catalyst layer. This obligates the application of various tomographic methods for imaging every aspect of a fuel cell. This perspective evaluates the capabilities, limits, and challenges of each of these methods. Further, it highlights and suggests efforts toward the integration of multiple tomographic methods into single multiscale datasets, a venture which aims at large-scale, and morphologically fully resolved fuel cell reconstructions.

Models, Practices and Methods of Reading: Evolution in Time and Space

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Yulia P. Melentyeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Program ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Individual

In recent years as public in general and specialist have been showing big interest to the matters of reading. According to discussion and launch of the “Support and Development of Reading National Program”, many Russian libraries are organizing the large-scale events like marathons, lecture cycles, bibliographic trainings etc. which should draw attention of different social groups to reading. The individual forms of attraction to reading are used much rare. To author’s mind the main reason of such an issue has to be the lack of information about forms and methods of attraction to reading.

Effect of SiO2 additives on the PEM fuel cell electrode performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (22) ◽  
pp. 14815-14822 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Senthil Velan ◽  
G. Velayutham ◽  
Neha Hebalkar ◽  
K.S. Dhathathreyan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Electrode Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrode ◽  
Cell Electrode

Flexibility Effects in a Single Link Robotic Manipulator

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nataraj
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Robotic Manipulator ◽  
Flexible Beam ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Weighted Residuals ◽  
Individual Interaction ◽  
Single Link ◽  
Rigid Mass ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work

Abstract A single link robotic manipulator is modeled as a rotating flexible beam with a rigid mass at the tip and accurate energy expressions are derived. The resulting partial differential equations are solved using an approximate method of weighted residuals. From the solutions, coupling between axial and flexural deformations and the interactions with rigid body motions are rigorously analyzed. The emphasis in the current paper is not on an exhaustive analysis of existing systems but it is rather intended to compare and highlight the various flexibility effects in a relatively simple system. Hence, a nondimensional parametric analysis is performed to determine the effect of several parameters (including the rotating speed) on the errors and the individual interaction effects are discussed. Comparison with previous work in the field shows important phenomena often ignored or buried in large scale numerical analyses. Future work including application to multi-link robots is outlined.

Small Angle Neutron Scatitering Study of Sol-Gel Glasses

1989 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wiltzius ◽  
S. B. Dierker
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Structure Factor ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Internal Interface ◽  
Porous Glasses ◽  
Gel Glasses

ABSTRACTWe present small angle neutron scattering data of porous glasses. Analysis of the structure factor shows that the morphology on length scales between 30 A and 800 A depends on fabrication procedures. Fast gelation leads to a clumpy glass, whereas slow gelation produces a random smooth internal interface.

scholarly journals HUMAN ENERGY UTILIZATION AND EFFECTIVENESS IN SMALL AND MARGINAL FARM HOLDINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Tandra Mondal ◽  
Pranab Kumar Nag
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
Power Tiller ◽  
Paddy Cultivation ◽  
The Individual

In India, small and marginal farmers have emerged as a distinct and dominant category. While farm mechanization represents a rapid transformation from traditional to modern methods of farming, it is not uniform across the crops and regions. The level of mechanization, however, remains scattered due to the compulsiveness to the situation dominated by the economic layout of farm holdings, land size, and large-scale deprivation of access to the technology suitable to small holdings. This present contribution elucidates the extent of use tools and machinery among the rice farmers of the state of Wes Bengal, India. Analysis revealed that the total number of man-days involved in paddy cultivation was 120-140 per ha, i.e., 900-1000 man-hours depending upon the availability of labour, tools, and machinery used for the individual operation. Analysis of farm work in small and marginal holdings evolved that over 90% of the total number of farmers use either tractor or power tiller for land preparation. Use of the animal-drawn country plough is gradually phased out in the study regions. For sowing and transplanting operations are primarily manual methods using hand tools. The study provided an insight of the issues of work methods and practices of the farmworkers in small and marginal farm holdings.

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