scholarly journals Tribological Performance of Micro-Groove Tools of Improving Tool Wear Resistance in Turning AISI 304 Process

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxing Wu ◽  
Gang Zhan ◽  
Lin He ◽  
Zhongfei Zou ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
New Type ◽  
Flank Face ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Oxidation Wear ◽  
Hard Cutting

AISI 304 has good physical and chemical properties and thus is widely used. However, due to the low thermal diffusivity, the cutting temperature of AISI 304 is high accelerating the wear of the tool. Therefore, tool wear is a major problem in machining hard cutting materials. In this study, we developed a new type of micro-groove tool whose rake surface was distributed with micro-groove by powder metallurgy based on the finite element temperature field morphology. We compared the wear of the proposed micro-groove tool with an untreated one by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray energy spectrum. The abrasive, adhesive, and oxidation wear of the rake and the flank face of the micro-groove tool were lower than that of the untreated one. Due to the micro-groove on the rake face of the tool, the contact length between the tool and chip was reduced, leaving more extension space. Furthermore, chip extrusion deformation was avoided, and the energy caused by chip deformation was reduced. After 70 min of cutting, the counterpart reached the specified wear amount while the main cutting force, the feed resistance, and the cutting depth resistance of the proposed micro-groove tool were reduced by 16.1%, 33.9%, and 40.1%, respectively. With regard to steady state, the cutting temperature was reduced by 17.2% and the wear width of the flank face was reduced by 36.7%.

Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guili Ge ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Mingjian Chen ◽  
Zhaoyang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Carbon dots (CDs) are a new type of carbon nanomaterial that have unique physical and chemical properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, easy surface functionalization, making them widely used in biological...

Bacteriochlorophyll e : structure and stereochemistry of a new type of chlorophyll from Chlorobiaceae

1976 ◽  
Vol 273 (924) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Bacteriochlorophyll E ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A so far unknown chlorophyll has been isolated from several strains of brown-coloured chlorobacteria and has been designated bacteriochlorophyll e . Comparison of the physical and chemical properties of the new chlorophyll with those of bacteriochlorophylls c and d ( Chlorbium chlorophylls) allows one to deduce its structural formula. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyethyl side chain of bacteriochlorophylls c, d and e can be determined by a modified Horeau analysis of these pigments, and the results thus obtained are in agreement with those derived from oxidative degradation experiments. The latter method allows one furthermore to prove the structure of bacteriochlorophylls c and d proposed by Holt, and to establish the absolute configuration at carbon atoms 7 and 8. The presence of a δ-methylsubstituent in bacteriochlorophylls c and e is unambiguously demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance.

New Condensation Products of Rubber Hydrocarbons by the Aid of Benzyl Chloride

1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
F. Kirchhof
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Benzyl Chloride ◽  
Condensation Product ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Condensation Products ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The application of the long-known Friedel-Crafts reaction to rubber hydrocarbons led to a new type of condensation products which may be called provisionally aral cyclorubbers (“benzylidene rubbers”), since their benzylidene groups are probably condensed with the polyprene skeleton to cyclic systems. It would not have been foreseen without further work that rubber would form this type of condensation product with aral halides in the presence of aluminum chloride, since on the one hand benzyl chloride is known to form, by the action of aluminum chloride in the Friedel-Crafts reaction, an amorphous, apparently high molecular hydrocarbon of the empirical composition (C7H6)x, and on the other hand rubber in solution is transformed by the metal chlorides, especially aluminum chloride, into amorphous polycyclorubbers. Under definite conditions of condensation with aluminum chloride aral groups are combined with the skeleton of the rubber hydrocarbon with the formation of white to yellowish amorphous bodies which contain, in addition to a small proportion of organically combined chlorine, only carbon and hydrogen, and are therefore to be regarded as hydrocarbons. In their physical and chemical properties these substances resemble the already known amorphous substance of the empirical formula (C7H6)x, which doubtless is polybenzylidene, probably hexabenzylidene.

2D FEM Estimate of Tool Wear in Hard Cutting Operation: Tool Wear and Simulation of Hard Cutting Process under Steady State

2009 ◽  
Vol 69-70 ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Fu Gang Yan ◽  
Cai Xu Yue ◽  
Xian Li Liu ◽  
Yu Fu Li ◽  
Shu Yi Ji
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Fem Method ◽  
Hard Cutting

Tool wear plays an important role in cutting process research. It affects the quality of machined surface and cutting parameter to a great extent, such as cutting force, cutting temperature and cutting quiver. In order to predict tool wear in hard cutting process by using FEM method, the character of tool wear during cutting process is presented firstly, and Usui’s tool wear rate model is introduced. Then the FEM model for steady state cutting process using Abaqus is established. FEM model describes the workpiece material characteristic accurately for the process of PCBN tool cutting GCr15 by adoptiving Johnson-Cook constitutive model. Simulation results of steady cutting process offer foundation to simulate tool wear.

Anomalously High Proton Conduction of Interfacial Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Artemov ◽  
Ece Uykur ◽  
Pavel Kapralov ◽  
Alexei Kiselev ◽  
Keith Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Interfacial Water ◽  
High Proton ◽  
New Type ◽  
Porous Matrices ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Separations Science

Water at the solid-liquid interface exhibits an anomalous ionic conductivity and dielectric constant compared to bulk water. Both phenomena still lack a detailed understanding. Here, we report radiofrequency measurements and analyses of the electrodynamic properties of interfacial water confined in nano-porous matrices formed by diamond grains of various sizes, ranging from 5 nm to 0.5 μm in diameter. Contrary to bulk water, the charge-carrying protons/holes in interfacial water are not mutually screened allowing for higher mobility in the external electric field. Thus, the protonic conductivity reaches a maximum value, which can be five orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk water. Our results aid in the understanding of physical and chemical properties of water confined in porous materials, and pave the way to the development of new type of highly-efficient proton-conductive materials for applications in electrochemical energy systems, membrane separations science and nano-fluidics.

Edge Preparation on Cutting Force, Cutting Temperature and Tool Wear for Hard Turning

2014 ◽  
Vol 800-801 ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Pei Rong Zhang ◽  
Zhan Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Cutting Edge Preparation ◽  
Flank Face ◽  
Edge Preparation

The paper investigates the effects of cutting edge preparation on cutting force, cutting temperature and tool wear for hard turning. An optimized characterization approach is proposed and five kinds of cemented tools with different edge preparation are adopted in the simulations by DEFROM-2DTM. The results show that both the forces and cutting temperature on the rake face climb up and then declines with the increasing of factor K (Sγ/Sα). While the temperature on flank face decrease with the increasing of the factor K. When the cutting conditions are identical, flank wear reduces while crater wear exacerbates before easing with the increasing of the factor K. The simulation results will provide valuable suggestions for optimization of cutting edge preparation for hard turning in order to obtain excellent machining quality and longer tool life.

Tribological Aspects of Metal Cutting

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Real Area Of Contact ◽  
Tribological System ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The machining of metals presents a unique tribological situation in which atomically clean, metallic surfaces are cleaved from the interior of the workpiece and maintained in a condition of nearly 100 percent real area of contact with the tool surface during sliding. The conditions of high pressure, high temperature, and essentially uncontaminated contact during sliding create a highly ideal tribological system for analysis. As compared to conventional sliding wear, the analysis of which is complicated by multiple passes of the counterface materials and various forms of contamination and surface reaction, the predictive modeling of tool wear has achieved somewhat greater, if still modest, success. Current models of cutting tool wear are assessed with regard to their usefulness in developing quantitative analytical methods for designing new tool materials and for selecting optimum tool materials under variations in cutting conditions. Approaches which predict the relative wear resistances of potential tool materials from the physical and chemical properties of the tool-work-piece system, without recourse to calibration tests for each system, are emphasized.

scholarly journals Outlook and overview of microplastics pollution in ecological environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Zhao Bin ◽  
Cheng Yongqiang ◽  
Guo Cuilian ◽  
Liu Maoke ◽  
Yao Puyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
New Type ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Microplastics are attracting more and more attention as a new type of pollutant in the ecological environment. Microplastics are difficult to degrade because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Some microplastics adsorbed toxic chemicals (e.g. heavy metals or organic pollutants) will cause a series of toxicological effects in organisms. This paper summarized the research progress in microplastics from the aspects of the types, distribution, detection and the toxicological effects. In addition, future research directions were also proposed and discussed.

Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Type of Cationic Gemini Surfactant

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 765-769
Author(s):  
Qing Wang Liu ◽  
Yun Hai Zhu ◽  
Guang Zhi Han ◽  
Zhen Zhong Fan ◽  
Ji Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Synthetic Product ◽  
Dimethyl Amine ◽  
New Type ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A cationic Gemini surfactant ethane-1, 2-bis (Cetyl dimethyl brominated ammonium), denoted 16-2-16 was synthesized from ethane and Hexadecyl dimethyl amine. The properties of the product were characterized, and the physical and chemical properties were determined. The results showed that the synthetic product was the target product, and its surface tension was 3.4×10-4N/m, and the CMC was 2.2×10-4mol/L at 25°C. At the same time, its synergistic effect with common surfactants was studied; the results showed that the synthetic product had good synergic effect.

scholarly journals Preparation of Graphene Materials and Their Applications in the Field of Electrochemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liao ◽  
Tingting Song
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the development of modern society, many new materials and technologies have been integrated into the development of various industries. As a new type of two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene has great advantages in physical and chemical properties and is widely used in various fields of development. Among them, the electrochemical method is one of the important ways to prepare graphene materials, which has the characteristics of quickness and environmental protection, and can effectively produce a large amount of high-quality graphene and its composite materials. Based on this, the paper introduces the preparation method of graphene materials and studies the application of graphene materials in the field of electrochemistry.

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