scholarly journals Extrusion of Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene and Graphene Derivative Nanofillers: An Overview of Recent Developments

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Sanes ◽  
Cristian Sánchez ◽  
Ramón Pamies ◽  
María-Dolores Avilés ◽  
María-Dolores Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Recent Developments

This review is focused on the recent developments of nanocomposite materials that combine a thermoplastic matrix with different forms of graphene or graphene oxide nanofillers. In all cases, the manufacturing method of the composite materials has been melt-processing, in particular, twin-screw extrusion, which can then be followed by injection molding. The advantages of this processing route with respect to other alternative methods will be highlighted. The results point to an increasing interest in biodegradable matrices such as polylactic acid (PLA) and graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, rather than graphene. The reasons for this will also be discussed.

On secondary recycling of ZrO2-reinforced HDPE filament prepared from domestic waste for possible 3-D printing of bearings

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571986462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar ◽  
Shubham Tiwari ◽  
Shubham Vishwakarma ◽  
Shivam Kakkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Recycled Hdpe

In this study, an innovative route for secondary recycling (with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) reinforcement) has been proposed based on melt processing of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in low-temperature bearing applications. Initially, secondary recycled HDPE, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and nylon 6 thermoplastic composites were investigated for melt flow index (MFI) according to ASTM D1238 standard. Based on the acceptable MFI, secondary recycled HDPE matrix was selected for second-stage processing on twin screw extrusion (TSE). The final process involves reinforcement of ZrO2 into HDPE matrix by TSE in 60:40 ratio (by weight %) for preparation of feedstock filament (for possible 3-D printing of bearings). The results of the study suggest that for processing of HDPE, 40% ZrO2 composite matrix, 50 r min−1 screw speed, 190°C barrel temperature, and 15 kg applied load are the best setting of TSE (for maximizing the tensile strength of feedstock filament). The results are also supported by wear properties, thermal stability, and morphological analysis (based on scanning electron microscopy and electron-dispersive X-ray analysis).

scholarly journals Extruded PLA Nanocomposites Modified by Graphene Oxide and Ionic Liquid

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Cristian Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
María-Dolores Avilés ◽  
Ramón Pamies ◽  
Francisco-José Carrión-Vilches ◽  
José Sanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Ir And Raman Spectroscopies ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Ft Ir

Polylactic acid (PLA)-based nanocomposites were prepared by twin-screw extrusion. Graphene oxide (GO) and an ionic liquid (IL) were used as additives separately and simultaneously. The characterization of the samples was carried out by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The viscoelastic behavior was determined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and rheological measurements. IL acted as internal lubricant increasing the mobility of PLA chains in the solid and rubbery states; however, the effect was less dominant when the composites were melted. When GO and IL were included, the viscosity of the nanocomposites at high temperatures presented a quasi-Newtonian behavior and, therefore, the processability of PLA was highly improved.

Melt Processing of Bioplastic Composites via Twin Screw Extrusion and Injection Molding

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gunning ◽  
Luke M. Geever ◽  
John A. Killion ◽  
John G. Lyons ◽  
Clement L. Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

On mechanical, thermal and morphological investigations of almond skin powder-reinforced polylactic acid feedstock filament

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571988601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar ◽  
Pawanpreet ◽  
Mohit Singh ◽  
Jatenderpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

The almond skin powder is one of the biodegradable and biocompatible food wastes that can be used as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) for preparation of biomedical scaffolds/implants (for high mechanical performance) by fused filament fabrication. The present study deals with the melt processing of almond skin powder as reinforcement from 0 wt% to 5 wt% in the PLA matrix by twin-screw extrusion process. The results of the study suggested that reinforcing the almond skin powder as 2.5 wt% in the PLA matrix mechanically strengthens the feedstock filaments but the increase in the proportion up to 5 wt% reduces the mechanical strength to a significant level. A similar trend has been observed in differential scanning calorimeter observations for thermal stability analysis. As regard to the rheological property is concerned, the melt flow index shows a significant reduction with reinforcement of almond skin powder in PLA. The results are also supported by photomicrographic analysis (for surface properties) and Taguchi-based optimization of twin-screw extrusion process parameters (for multifactor optimization).

scholarly journals In-Line Rheo-Optical Investigation of the Dispersion of Organoclay in a Polymer Matrix during Twin-Screw Compounding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2128
Author(s):  
Paulo F. Teixeira ◽  
José A. Covas ◽  
Loïc Hilliou
Keyword(s):  
Local Heating ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Optical Investigation ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

The dispersion mechanisms in a clay-based polymer nanocomposite (CPNC) during twin-screw extrusion are studied by in-situ rheo-optical techniques, which relate the CPNC morphology with its viscosity. This methodology avoids the problems associated with post extrusion structural rearrangement. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, which can be processed at ambient and low temperatures, is used to bypass any issues associated with thermal degradation. Local heating in the first part of the extruder allows testing of the usefulness of low matrix viscosity to enhance polymer intercalation before applying larger stresses for clay dispersion. The comparison of clay particle sizes measured in line with models for the kinetics of particle dispersion indicates that larger screw speeds promote the break-up of clay particles, whereas smaller screw speeds favor the erosion of the clay tactoids. Thus, different levels of clay dispersion are generated, which do not simply relate to a progressively better PDMS intercalation and higher clay exfoliation as screw speed is increased. Reducing the PDMS viscosity in the first mixing zone of the screw facilitates dispersion at lower screw speeds, but a complex interplay between stresses and residence times at larger screw speeds is observed. More importantly, the results underline that the use of larger stresses is inefficient per se in dispersing clay if sufficient time is not given for PDMS to intercalate the clay galleries and thus facilitate tactoid disruption or erosion.

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