scholarly journals Quinone Based Materials as Renewable High Energy Density Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bitenc ◽  
Tjaša Pavčnik ◽  
Urban Košir ◽  
Klemen Pirnat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Electrochemical Mechanism

Organic cathode materials are promising cathode materials for multivalent batteries. Among organic cathodes, anthraquinone (AQ) has already been applied to various metal‒organic systems. In this work, we compare electrochemical performance and redox potential of AQ with 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) and 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), both of which offer significantly higher theoretical energy density than AQ and are tested in two different Mg electrolytes. In Mg(TFSI)2-2MgCl2 electrolyte, NQ and BQ exhibit 0.2 and 0.5 V higher potential than AQ, respectively. Furthermore, an upshift of potential for 200 mV in MgCl2-AlCl3 electrolyte versus Mg(TFSI)2-2MgCl2 was confirmed for all used organic compounds. While lower molecular weights of NQ and BQ increase their specific capacity, they also affect the solubility in used electrolytes. Increased solubility lowers long-term capacity retention, confirming the need for the synthesis of NQ and BQ based polymers. Finally, we examine the electrochemical mechanism through ex situ attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and comparison of ex situ cathode spectra with spectra of individual electrode components. For the first time, magnesium anthracene-9,10-bis(olate), a discharged form of AQ moiety, is synthesized, which allows us to confirm the electrochemical mechanism of AQ cathode in Mg battery system.

Recent Progress of Anode and Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 1027 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Run Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Discharge Process

Lithium ion battery is a kind of secondary battery that mainly relies on lithium ions moving between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Lithium-ion batteries are considered to be the most ideal automotive power battery and has been widely applied in EV industry due to the outstanding advantages including but not limited to high energy density, high open circuit voltage and wide operating temperature range. The technical bottleneck of lithium-ion power batteries is how to further increase the energy density and optimize operating performance at low temperature. Besides, how to decrease the cost for lithium ion battery is also a big problem. The higher potential end of the power supply device is called cathode materials and the lower potential end of the power supply is called anode materials. At cathode end, Lithium ion intercalation process happens during discharging cycle and lithium ion deintercalation process happens during charging.For anode end, Lithium ion deintercalation process happens during charging cycle and lithium ion insertion process happens during discharging process. Good cathode/anode materials should include but not limited to the following characters: large specific capacity density, long cycling lifetime, good rate performance, proper electric potential and relatively stable structure during charge and discharge process.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Mechanism of Al Metal–Organic Battery Based on Phenanthrenequinone

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jan Bitenc ◽  
Urban Košir ◽  
Alen Vizintin ◽  
Niklas Lindahl ◽  
Andraž Krajnc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Electrochemical Mechanism ◽  
Organic Batteries ◽  
Complex Ion

Al metal-organic batteries are a perspective high-energy battery technology based on abundant materials. However, the practical energy density of Al metal-organic batteries is strongly dependent on its electrochemical mechanism. Energy density is mostly governed by the nature of the aluminium complex ion and utilization of redox activity of the organic group. Although organic cathodes have been used before, detailed study of the electrochemical mechanism is typically not the primary focus. In the present work, electrochemical mechanism of Al metal-phenanthrenequinone battery is investigated with a range of different analytical techniques. Firstly, its capacity retention is optimized through the preparation of insoluble cross-coupled polymer, which exemplifies extremely low capacity fade and long-term cycling stability. Ex situ and operando ATR-IR confirm that reduction of phenanthrenequinone group proceeds through the two-electron reduction of carbonyl groups, which was previously believed to exchange only one-electron, severely limiting cathode capacity. Nature of aluminium complex ion interacting with organic cathode is determined through multiprong approach using SEM-EDS, XPS, and solid-state NMR, which all point to the dominant contribution of AlCl2+ cation. Upon full capacity utilization, Al metal-polyphenanthrenequinone battery utilizing AlCl2+ offers an energy density of more than 200 Wh/kg making it a viable solution for stationary electrical energy storage.

Stabilization of Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode Materials of High Energy Density by Ca Doping

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Beomhee Kang ◽  
Soonhyun Hong ◽  
Hongkwan Yoon ◽  
Dojin Kim ◽  
Chunjoong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ca Doping ◽  
Layered Cathode Materials

scholarly journals Na0.76V6O15/Activated Carbon Hybrid Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Renwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolong Ren ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Changzhen Zhan ◽  
Ding Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Artificial Graphite

Lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LICs) are regarded as one of the most promising next generation energy storage devices. Commercial activated carbon materials with low cost and excellent cycling stability are widely used as cathode materials for LICs, however, their low energy density remains a significant challenge for the practical applications of LICs. Herein, Na0.76V6O15 nanobelts (NaVO) were prepared and combined with commercial activated carbon YP50D to form hybrid cathode materials. Credit to the synergism of its capacitive effect and diffusion-controlled faradaic effect, NaVO/C hybrid cathode displays both superior cyclability and enhanced capacity. LICs were assembled with the as-prepared NaVO/C hybrid cathode and artificial graphite anode which was pre-lithiated. Furthermore, 10-NaVO/C//AG LIC delivers a high energy density of 118.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 220.6 W kg−1 and retains 43.7 Wh kg−1 even at a high power density of 21,793.0 W kg−1. The LIC can also maintain long-term cycling stability with capacitance retention of approximately 70% after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Accordingly, hybrid cathodes composed of commercial activated carbon and a small amount of high energy battery-type materials are expected to be a candidate for low-cost advanced LICs with both high energy density and power density.

Valuation of Surface Coatings in High-Energy Density Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Nisar ◽  
Nitin Muralidharan ◽  
Rachid Essehli ◽  
Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ilias Belharouak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
High Energy Density

scholarly journals Novel Lithium-Ion Capacitor Based on a NiO-rGO Composite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3586
Author(s):  
Qi An ◽  
Xingru Zhao ◽  
Shuangfu Suo ◽  
Yuzhu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have been widely explored for energy storage. Nevertheless, achieving good energy density, satisfactory power density, and stable cycle life is still challenging. For this study, we fabricated a novel LIC with a NiO-rGO composite as a negative material and commercial activated carbon (AC) as a positive material for energy storage. The NiO-rGO//AC system utilizes NiO nanoparticles uniformly distributed in rGO to achieve a high specific capacity (with a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and a charge capacity of 945.8 mA h g−1) and uses AC to provide a large specific surface area and adjustable pore structure, thereby achieving excellent electrochemical performance. In detail, the NiO-rGO//AC system (with a mass ratio of 1:3) can achieve a high energy density (98.15 W h kg−1), a high power density (10.94 kW kg−1), and a long cycle life (with 72.1% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles). This study outlines a new option for the manufacture of LIC devices that feature both high energy and high power densities.

Triptycene-based quinone molecules showing multi-electron redox reactions for large capacity and high energy organic cathode materials in Li-ion batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3134-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eon Kwon ◽  
Chang-Seok Hyun ◽  
Young Jun Ryu ◽  
Joungphil Lee ◽  
Dong Joo Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Li Ion

Triptycene bearing three benzoquinone moieties in a rigid 3-D tripod structure is capable of utilizing five-electron redox reactions that can provide a large capacity and high energy density in Li-ion cells.

“All-in-One” Hypergolic Metal-Organic Frameworks with High Energy Density and Short Ignition Delay

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Li ◽  
Yi-Qiang Xu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Guorong Lei ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

Constructing high performance hypergolic propellant is of vital importance yet challenging. Herein, by taking metal organic framework(MOF) as a propotypical system, we proposed that co-assembled functional cyanotetrazolylborohydride (CTB) and imidazole...

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