scholarly journals An Approach to Sustainable Metrics Definition and Evaluation for Green Manufacturing in Material Removal Processes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Ayabaca ◽  
Carlos Vila
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Material removal technologies should be thoroughly analyzed not only to optimize operations but also to minimize the different waste emissions and obtain cleaner production centers. The study of environmental sustainability in manufacturing processes, which is rapidly gaining importance, requires activity modeling with material and resource inputs and outputs and, most importantly, the definition of a balanced scorecard with suitable indicators for different levels, including the operational level. This paper proposes a metrics deployment approach for the different stages of the product life cycle, including a conceptual framework of high-level indicators and the definition of machining process indicators from different perspectives. This set of metrics enables methodological measurement and analysis and integrates the results into aggregated indicators that can be considered for continuous improvement strategies. This approach was validated by five case studies of experimental testing of the sustainability indicators in material removal operations. The results helped to confirm or modify the approach and to adjust the parameter definitions to optimize the initial sustainability objectives.

On the Development of an Experimental Testing Platform for the Vortex Machining Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Howard ◽  
Jacob W. Chesna ◽  
Stuart T. Smith ◽  
Brigid A. Mullany
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Gaussian Shape ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Stability Issues ◽  
Process Controls

The development of an experimental platform for studying Vortex Machining is presented. This process uses oscillating probes to generate localized vortices in polishing slurry in a region near to a workpiece surface. These vortices create material removal footprints having lateral dimensions typically measuring tens of micrometers. From studies of the process variables and subsequent machining footprints a number of process controls have been implemented and are discussed herein. These include a localized metrology frame to control specimen to probe position, coarse-fine translation axes for submicrometer motion control, closed-loop control of probe oscillation, and a slurry height control system. To illustrate the fidelity of these additional controls, the evolution from early machining footprints to the recent production of footprint arrays are presented. While process stability issues remain, machining footprints of near Gaussian shape having dimensions of 10–20 μm diameter and 40 nm depth after machining for 30 min can be reproduced.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Nataliia Butenko ◽  
Kot Liudmyla
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Partner Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

The objective prerequisites for the transition from a strategy of confrontation to partnership relations in a competitive struggle for the consumer predetermine the need for a clear definition of such concepts as partnership relations and partner networks, since it is the partnership relations that provide market participants with more competitive advantages than they could have under condition of separate activities. The subject-matter of the study is a methodological solution to the problem of determining the effectiveness of establishing partnership relations and the formation of partner networks. After all, the effectiveness of the partner network can only be achieved if the effectiveness of the partnership relations is achieved. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to develop methodological approaches to determining the effectiveness of partner networks through the evaluation of partnership relations. In order to achieve this goal, the following research methods have been used in the paper: analysis and generalization of theoretical sources and scientific literature; abstract-logical method in the process of theoretical generalizations and formation of conclusions; prognostic and diagnostic; general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. As a result of the research, the methodology of constructing a morphological matrix of the effectiveness of a partner network based on integrated indicators of the sustainability and reliability of partnership relations was proposed. In order to determine the components of sustainability, a methodology for calculating the integrated value of the sustainability index of the partnership relations is proposed. Herewith, five interrelated components are taken into account that are equally important for strategizing partnership relations such as economic, marketing, social, environmental sustainability, and also the sustainability of partner networks in general. The algorithm of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the reliability of partnership relations involves seven stages. In particular, the definition of requirements for the reliability of partnership relations within a certain partner network, the definition and adjustment of the indicators of the rating system of the reliability of partnership relations and their importance for the partner network, the formation of the rating of partnership relations by the values of the generalized index of reliability, rating partners within a specific partner network by the level of reliability. Therefore, the proposed expert methodical approach to the assessment of the reliability of partnership relations involves the calculation of three characteristics of reliability (partner, production and economic activities, partner network in general) and is an applied instrument set for a new solution to the scientific and applied problem in the area of formation and development of partner relations in the economy of Ukraine in order to ensure a high level of management of them in resource constraints.

Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 649-666
Author(s):  
Andrea Renda
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Ethics Guidelines ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

This chapter assesses Europe’s efforts in developing a full-fledged strategy on the human and ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI). The strong focus on ethics in the European Union’s AI strategy should be seen in the context of an overall strategy that aims at protecting citizens and civil society from abuses of digital technology but also as part of a competitiveness-oriented strategy aimed at raising the standards for access to Europe’s wealthy Single Market. In this context, one of the most peculiar steps in the European Union’s strategy was the creation of an independent High-Level Expert Group on AI (AI HLEG), accompanied by the launch of an AI Alliance, which quickly attracted several hundred participants. The AI HLEG, a multistakeholder group including fifty-two experts, was tasked with the definition of Ethics Guidelines as well as with the formulation of “Policy and Investment Recommendations.” With the advice of the AI HLEG, the European Commission put forward ethical guidelines for Trustworthy AI—which are now paving the way for a comprehensive, risk-based policy framework.

scholarly journals Shape Sensing of a Complex Aeronautical Structure with Inverse Finite Element Method

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Daniele Oboe ◽  
Luca Colombo ◽  
Claudio Sbarufatti ◽  
Marco Giglio
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inverse Finite Element Method ◽  
Shape Sensing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Element Method

The inverse Finite Element Method (iFEM) is receiving more attention for shape sensing due to its independence from the material properties and the external load. However, a proper definition of the model geometry with its boundary conditions is required, together with the acquisition of the structure’s strain field with optimized sensor networks. The iFEM model definition is not trivial in the case of complex structures, in particular, if sensors are not applied on the whole structure allowing just a partial definition of the input strain field. To overcome this issue, this research proposes a simplified iFEM model in which the geometrical complexity is reduced and boundary conditions are tuned with the superimposition of the effects to behave as the real structure. The procedure is assessed for a complex aeronautical structure, where the reference displacement field is first computed in a numerical framework with input strains coming from a direct finite element analysis, confirming the effectiveness of the iFEM based on a simplified geometry. Finally, the model is fed with experimentally acquired strain measurements and the performance of the method is assessed in presence of a high level of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation Challenges in Szekszárd Wine Region, Hungary

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Attila Buzási
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
Lock In

Wine producers face several challenges regarding climate change, which will affect this industry both in the present and the future. Vulnerability assessments are at the forefront of current climate research, therefore, the present paper has two main aims. First, to assess two components of climate vulnerability regarding the Szekszárd wine region, Hungary; second, to collect and analyze adaptation farming techniques in terms of environmental sustainability aspects. Exposure analyses revealed that the study area will face several challenges regarding intensive drought periods in the future. Sensitivity indicators show the climate-related characteristics of the most popular grapevines and their relatively high level of susceptibility regarding changing climatic patterns. Since both external and intrinsic factors of vulnerability show deteriorating trends, the development of adaptation actions is needed. Adaptation interventions often provide unsustainable solutions or entail maladaptation issues, therefore, an environmental-focused sustainability assessment of collected interventions was performed to avoid long-term negative path dependencies. The applied evaluation methodology pointed out that nature-based adaptation actions are preferred in comparison to using additional machines or resource-intensive solutions. This study can fill the scientific gap by analyzing this wine region for the first time, via performing an ex-ante lock-in analysis of available and widely used adaptation interventions in the viticulture sector.

scholarly journals A fatal toxic shock-like syndrome post COVID-19 infection in a child

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Ajmi ◽  
Wissem Besghaier ◽  
Wafa Kallala ◽  
Abdelhalim Trabelsi ◽  
Saoussan Abroug
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Children affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed various manifestations. Some of them were severe cases presenting with multi-system inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) causing multiple organ dysfunction. Case presentation We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with recent COVID-19 infection who presented with persistent fever, abdominal pain and other symptoms that meet the definition of MIS-C. She had lymphopenia and a high level of inflammatory markers. She was admitted to pediatric intensive care unit since she rapidly developed refractory catecholamine-resistant shock with multiple organ failure. Echocardiography showed a small pericardial effusion with a normal ejection fraction (Ejection Fraction = 60%) and no valvular or coronary lesions. The child showed no signs of improvement even after receiving intravenous immunoglobulin, fresh frozen plasma, high doses of Vasopressors and corticosteroid. His outcome was fatal. Conclusion Pediatric patients affected by the new COVID-19 related syndrome may show severe life-threatening conditions similar to Kawasaki disease shock syndrome. Hypotension in these patients results from heart failure and the decreased cardiac output. We report a new severe clinical feature of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in whom hypotension was the result of refractory vasoplegia.

scholarly journals Sustainability Requirements of Digital Twin-Based Systems: A Meta Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5519
Author(s):  
Rui Carvalho ◽  
Alberto Rodrigues da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reducing Costs

Sustainable development was defined by the UN in 1987 as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, and this is a core concept in this paper. This work acknowledges the three dimensions of sustainability, i.e., economic, social, and environmental, but its focus is on this last one. A digital twin (DT) is frequently described as a physical entity with a virtual counterpart, and the data, connections between the two, implying the existence of connectors and blocks for efficient and effective data communication. This paper provides a meta systematic literature review (SLR) (i.e., an SLR of SLRs) regarding the sustainability requirements of DT-based systems. Numerous papers on the subject of DT were also selected because they cited the analyzed SLRs and were considered relevant to the purposes of this research. From the selection and analysis of 29 papers, several limitations and challenges were identified: the perceived benefits of DTs are not clearly understood; DTs across the product life cycle or the DT life cycle are not sufficiently studied; it is not clear how DTs can contribute to reducing costs or supporting decision-making; technical implementation of DTs must be improved and better integrated in the context of the IoT; the level of fidelity of DTs is not entirely evaluated in terms of their parameters, accuracy, and level of abstraction; and the ownership of data stored within DTs should be better understood. Furthermore, from our research, it was not possible to find a paper discussing DTs only in regard to environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Environmental Sustainability and Economic Growth in Greenland: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Javier Arnaut ◽  
Johanna Lidman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
High Level

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis assumes there is an inverted U-shape relationship between pollution and income per capita, implying an improvement in environmental quality when a growing economy reaches a high level of economic development. This study evaluated empirically the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Greenland for the period 1970–2018. Using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the results show evidence of a U-shaped EKC in Greenland instead of the hypothesized inverted U-shape. The findings indicate that Greenland had initially experienced a decoupling transition during an early development stage associated with structural conditions of a small subsistence economy. However, once the country began to expand its industry, the trend began to reverse, creating a positive and significant relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita that is potentially detrimental to the Arctic natural environment.

Optimization of μEDM process assisted with rotating magnetic pulling force and ultrasonic vibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892098440
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
DR Prajapati ◽  
PS Satsangi
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Micro Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Tool Rotation

The micro-electrical discharge machining process is hindered by low material removal rate and low surface quality, which bound its capability. The assistance of ultrasonic vibration and magnetic pulling force in micro-electrical discharge machining helps to overcome this limitation and increase the stability of the machining process. In the present research, an attempt has been made on Taguchi based GRA optimization for µEDM assisted with ultrasonic vibration and magnetic pulling force while µEDM of SKD-5 die steel with the tubular copper electrode. The process parameters such as ultrasonic vibration, magnetic pulling force, tool rotation, energy and feed rate have been chosen as process variables. Material removal rate and taper of the feature have been selected as response measures. From the experimental study, it has been found that response output measures have been significantly improved by 18% as compared to non assisted µEDM. The best optimal combination of input parameters for improved performance measures were recorded as machining with ultrasonic vibration (U1), 0.25 kgf of magnetic pulling force (M1), 600 rpm of tool rotation (R2), 3.38 mJ of energy (E3) and 1.5 mm/min of Tool feed rate (F3). The confirmation trail was also carried out for the validation of the results attained by Grey Relational Analysis and confirmed that there is a substantial improvement with both assistance applied simultaneously.

scholarly journals Simulation of the ductile machining mode of silicon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagen Klippel ◽  
Stefan Süssmaier ◽  
Matthias Röthlin ◽  
Mohamadreza Afrasiabi ◽  
Uygar Pala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Material ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Ductile Material ◽  
Diamond Wire ◽  
Ductile Machining ◽  
Mesh Free ◽  
Diamond Wire Sawing ◽  
Material Removal Mode ◽  
Brittle Material Removal

AbstractDiamond wire sawing has been developed to reduce the cutting loss when cutting silicon wafers from ingots. The surface of silicon solar cells must be flawless in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency. However, the surface is damaged during sawing. The extent of the damage depends primarily on the material removal mode. Under certain conditions, the generally brittle material can be machined in ductile mode, whereby considerably fewer cracks occur in the surface than with brittle material removal. In the presented paper, a numerical model is developed in order to support the optimisation of the machining process regarding the transition between ductile and brittle material removal. The simulations are performed with an GPU-accelerated in-house developed code using mesh-free methods which easily handle large deformations while classic methods like FEM would require intensive remeshing. The Johnson-Cook flow stress model is implemented and used to evaluate the applicability of a model for ductile material behaviour in the transition zone between ductile and brittle removal mode. The simulation results are compared with results obtained from single grain scratch experiments using a real, non-idealised grain geometry as present in the diamond wire sawing process.

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