scholarly journals Influence of Different Stabilization Systems and Multiple Ultraviolet A (UVA) Aging/Recycling Steps on Physicochemical, Mechanical, Colorimetric, and Thermal-Oxidative Properties of ABS

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudinei Fiorio ◽  
Sara Villanueva Díez ◽  
Alberto Sánchez ◽  
Dagmar R. D’hooge ◽  
Ludwig Cardon
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Physical Aging ◽  
Window Glass ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Oxidative Resistance ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
The Impact

Commercially mass-polymerized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymers, pristine or modified by stabilization systems, have been injection molded and repeatedly exposed to ultravilolet A (UVA) radiation, mechanical recycling, and extra injection molding steps to study the impact of such treatments on the physicochemical, mechanical, colorimetric, and thermal-oxidative characteristics. The work focus on mimicking the effect of solar radiation behind a window glass as relevant during the lifetime of ABS polymers incorporated in electrical and electronic equipment, and interior automotive parts by using UVA technique. The accelerated aging promotes degradation and embrittlement of the surface exposed to radiation and causes physical aging, deteriorating mechanical properties, with an expressive reduction of impact strength (unnotched: up to 900%; notched: up to 250%) and strain at break (>1000%), as well as an increase in the yellowing index (e.g., 600%). UV-exposition promotes a slight increase in the tensile modulus (e.g., 10%). The addition of antioxidants (AOs) leads to a limited stabilization during the first UVA aging, although the proper AO formulation increases the thermal-oxidative resistance during all the cycles. Mechanical recycling promotes an increase in strain at break and unnotched impact strength alongside a slight decrease in tensile modulus, due to disruption of the brittle surface and elimination of the physical aging.

Evaluation of the Aging Behavior of High Density Polyethylene in Thermal Oxidative Environment by Principal Component Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 447-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dai ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Jian Jian Yang ◽  
Jun Jun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate the aging behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) under an artificial accelerated environment, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish a non-dimensional expression Z from a data set of multiple degradation parameters of HDPE. In this study, HDPE samples were exposed to the accelerated thermal oxidative environment for different time intervals up to 64 days. The results showed that the combined evaluating parameter Z was characterized by three-stage changes. The combined evaluating parameter Z increased quickly in the first 16 days of exposure and then leveled off. After 40 days, it began to increase again. Among the 10 degradation parameters, branching degree, carbonyl index and hydroxyl index are strongly associated. The tensile modulus is highly correlated with the impact strength. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength are negatively correlated with the crystallinity.

scholarly journals Impact Toughness and Ductility Enhancement of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends via Addition of Glycidyl Methacrylate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Kit Chee ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Norhazlin Zainuddin ◽  
Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman ◽  
Buong Woei Chieng
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
The Impact

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends were prepared via melt blending technique. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was added as reactive compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between immiscible phases of PLA and PCL matrices. Tensile test revealed that optimum in elongation at break of approximately 327% achieved when GMA loading was up to 3wt%. Slight drop in tensile strength and tensile modulus at optimum ratio suggested that the blends were tuned to be deformable. Flexural studies showed slight drop in flexural strength and modulus when GMA wt% increases as a result of improved flexibility by finer dispersion of PCL in PLA matrix. Besides, incorporation of GMA in the blends remarkably improved the impact strength. Highest impact strength was achieved (160% compared to pure PLA/PCL blend) when GMA loading was up to 3 wt%. SEM analysis revealed improved interfacial adhesion between PLA/PCL blends in the presence of GMA. Finer dispersion and smooth surface of the specimens were noted as GMA loading increases, indicating that addition of GMA eventually improved the interfacial compatibility of the nonmiscible blend.

Hybrid effects of carbon fiber and nanoclay as fillers on the performances of recycled wood-plastic composites

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7671-7686
Author(s):  
Young-Rok Seo ◽  
Sang-U Bae ◽  
Birm-June Kim ◽  
Min Lee ◽  
Qinglin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Impact

Waste wood-plastic composite (WPC) was used in this work as a raw material to produce recycled WPCs reinforced with carbon fiber and nanoclay. To evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon fiber and nanoclay, various performances (i.e., microstrucural, mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and electrical properties) were investigated. Scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction analysis of the fillers (carbon fiber and nanoclay) present in the recycled WPCs showed that the nanoclays were properly intercalated when filled with carbon fibers. According to mechanical property analysis, hybrid incorporation of carbon fibers and nanoclays improved impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. However, further incorporation of nanoclays reduced the impact strength and did not improve the tensile modulus or the flexural modulus. The carbon fibers present in the recycled WPCs improved the electrical conductivity of the composites, despite the various fillers that interfered with their electrical conduction. In addition, carbon fibers and nanoclays were mixed into the recycled WPCs to improve the thermal stability of the composites. Finally, the presence of nanoclays in recycled WPCs led to increased water uptake of the composites.

scholarly journals Effects of Phase Morphology on Mechanical Properties: Oriented/Unoriented PP Crystal Combination with Spherical/Microfibrillar PET Phase

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dashan Mi ◽  
Yingxiong Wang ◽  
Maja Kuzmanovic ◽  
Laurens Delva ◽  
Yixin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Phase Morphology ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Immiscible Blends ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Impact

In situ microfibrillation and multiflow vibrate injection molding (MFVIM) technologies were combined to control the phase morphology of blended polypropylene (PP) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), wherein PP is the majority phase. Four kinds of phase structures were formed using different processing methods. As the PET content changes, the best choice of phase structure also changes. When the PP matrix is unoriented, oriented microfibrillar PET can increase the mechanical properties at an appropriate PET content. However, if the PP matrix is an oriented structure (shish-kebab), only the use of unoriented spherical PET can significantly improve the impact strength. Besides this, the compatibilizer polyolefin grafted maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA) can cover the PET in either spherical or microfibrillar shape to form a core–shell structure, which tends to improve both the yield and impact strength. We focused on the influence of all composing aspects—fibrillation of the dispersed PET, PP matrix crystalline morphology, and compatibilized interface—on the mechanical properties of PP/PET blends as well as potential synergies between these components. Overall, we provided a theoretical basis for the mechanical recycling of immiscible blends.

scholarly journals Morphological, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 90/10 (WT %/WT %) PP/ABS Blends and their Polymer Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369351702600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin R. Kubade ◽  
Pankaj Tambe ◽  
Hrushikesh B. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Selective Localization ◽  
Droplet Morphology ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are modified successfully using polyethyleneimine (PEI). The HNTs and HNTs modified using PEI filled 90/10 (wt/wt) polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blends and its nanocomposites are prepared by melt mixing technique in presence of dual compatibilizer. Droplet morphology is refined in matrix as well as selective localization of HNTs modified using PEI shows increase in crystallinity of PP phase and formation of β-form of PP crystals. Uniform dispersion of HNTs modified using PEI in PP resulted in improvement in impact strength, tensile modulus and thermal stability. The enhancement in tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength for 1 wt% of HNTs modified using PEI filled 90/10 (wt/wt) PP/ABS blends with dual compatibilizer are 14.9, 20 and 15%, respectively.

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Blend Virgin and Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) in Injection Molding

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Salina Budin ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
Hamid Yussof ◽  
Aulia Ishak ◽  
Rosnani Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is one of the most widely used plastic. The application of ABS increases rapidly in industries recently. The drawback of the increasing demand of ABS is the increment of ABS waste. Huge increment in ABS waste has led to the increasing of environmental pollution. The demand in green technology and sustainability of resources has urged the need of recycling of ABS waste. However, the mechanical properties of the recycled ABS are deteriorated. Hence, this work aims to study the mechanical properties of blend virgin and recycled ABS. The first sample started with 100wt% of virgin ABS. While the second to eleventh samples was a mixing of virgin and recycled ABS at 10wt% incremental recycled ABS. The last sample was prepared using 100wt% of recycled ABS. The results show that the tensile strength of 100wt% of recycled ABS is slightly decreased as compared to 100wt% virgin ABS. Similar trend was observed on traverse rupture strength (TRS) when the TRS for 100wt% of recycled ABS is lower by 8% when compared to 100wt% of virgin ABS. The most significant change is observed on the impact strength. The impact strength for 100wt% of recycled ABS is substantially dropped by 86% as compared to 100wt% of virgin ABS.

Effect of Coupling Agents and Particle Size on Mechanical Performance of Polyethylene Composites Comprising Wollastonite Micro-Fibres

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wen Yuan ◽  
Debes Bhattacharyya ◽  
Allan J. Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Rotational Moulding ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The usefulness of rotational moulding (rotomoulding) as a polymer processing technique is often limited by the selection of polymers, which in most cases happens to be polyethylene (PE). In the present study, PE polyethylene was blended with wollastonite microfibres and maleated polyethylene (as a coupling agent) with the purpose of developing an improved material for rotational moulding. The incorporation of wollastonite fibres without any coupling agent improved the tensile strength, but showed a reduction in impact strength. As expected, the most significant enhancement due to wollastonite was in the tensile modulus.. The addition of a coupling agent improved both the impact strength and the processability, especially when wollastonite was coated with aminosilane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good adhesion between the coated fibre reinforcement and the polyethylene matrix at the fracture surface.

Impact Polystyrene: Factors Controlling the Rubber Efficiency

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Wagner ◽  
L. M. Robeson
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Phase Volume ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Loss ◽  
Ultimate Elongation ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rubber phase volume (rubber + occluded polystyrene) can be widely varied in impact polystyrene by controlling the rate of agitation during polymerization. The tensile modulus and magnitude of the rubber phase mechanical loss transitions are related to the degree of polystyrene occlusion. It is shown that the occluded polystyrene can substitute for rubber in determining these parameters. Impact strength and ultimate elongation pass through maxima as the rubber phase volume is increased at constant rubber concentration due to the optimization of rubber phase volume with particle size and rubber phase modulus. Over crosslinking of the rubber and a high concentration of a low molecular weight tail of matrix polystyrene have deleterious effects on the impact strength and ultimate elongation. The optimization of these three factors is required in making efficient use of the rubber in impact polystyrene.

scholarly journals Epoxy composites with increased operational characteristics, filled with dispersed mineral fillers

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-335
Author(s):  
A. S. Mostovoi ◽  
A. S. Nurtazina ◽  
Yu. A. Kadykova
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Breaking Stress ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work is to increase the physicochemical, deformation and strength properties and to reduce the combustibility of composites on the base of epoxy resin by introducing a oligo(resorcinophenyl phosphate) with terminal phenyl groups Fyrolflex - modifier of polyfunctional action, and disperse mineral fillers – diorite and chromite. Result of the studies established that the optimum amount of modifier in the composition of the epoxy resin is 40 mass parts, which provides an increase in the operational properties of the composites: the breaking stress at bending increases by 2 times, the breaking stress at compression increases by 28%, the impact strength increases twice, while the modulus of elasticity and hardness of composites slightly decrease. The addition of modifier into the epoxy polymer provides an increase in heat resistance from 86 to 132–156 °C, also it improves the thermal stability of the composite, which manifests itself in a shift from the initial temperature to higher temperatures (from 200 to 230 °C), while it is noticed furthermore that yield of carbonized Structures was risen from 40 to 54%, providing less release of volatile pyrolysis products into the gas phase, which leads to the decrease in flammability of the epoxy composite and it can be shown in the reduction of its loss in mass while cauterizing in air from 78 to about 4.7% and an increase in the oxygen index from 19 to 28% by volume what transfers the material into class with low flammability. The rational content of diorite and chromite (100 parts by weight of chromite and 50 parts by mass of diorite) is chosen as a filler, which ensures an increase in physical and mechanical characteristics and a reduction in the cost of production: the breaking stress increases by 15–30% and the elastic modulus at bending increases 3.5–4.5 times, the breaking stress increases by 35%, and the tensile modulus by 50–240%, the hardness increases by 68–95%, while the impact strength remains at the level of the unfilled plasticized composite. In addition, it is proved that the addition of both diorite and chromite provides an increase in the thermal and heat resistance of epoxy composites, also lowers combustibility of the epoxy composite: the weight loss at ignition in air is reduced to 1.2–2.2% and the oxygen index rises from 28 to 30–35% by volume, thus the material does not support combustion in air and belongs to the class of hardly flammable. The study was carried out with the financial support of a grant for young scientists of the SSTU named after Gagarin Yu.A. (project SGTU-287).

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