scholarly journals Modifications of Dental Implant Surfaces at the Micro- and Nano-Level for Enhanced Osseointegration

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Sung Luke Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Titanium Dental Implant ◽  
Peptide Coatings ◽  
Functional Peptide

This review paper describes several recent modification methods for biocompatible titanium dental implant surfaces. The micro-roughened surfaces reviewed in the literature are sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched, and anodically oxidized. These globally-used surfaces have been clinically investigated, showing survival rates higher than 95%. In the past, dental clinicians believed that eukaryotic cells for osteogenesis did not recognize the changes of the nanostructures of dental implant surfaces. However, research findings have recently shown that osteogenic cells respond to chemical and morphological changes at a nanoscale on the surfaces, including titanium dioxide nanotube arrangements, functional peptide coatings, fluoride treatments, calcium–phosphorus applications, and ultraviolet photofunctionalization. Some of the nano-level modifications have not yet been clinically evaluated. However, these modified dental implant surfaces at the nanoscale have shown excellent in vitro and in vivo results, and thus promising potential future clinical use.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Titanium Dental Implant Surfaces on Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior. An In Vitro Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6353
Author(s):  
Vittoria D’Esposito ◽  
Josè Camilla Sammartino ◽  
Pietro Formisano ◽  
Alessia Parascandolo ◽  
Domenico Liguoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Titanium Dental Implant ◽  
Adhesive Ability ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Background: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of three different titanium (Ti) implant surfaces on the viability and secretory functions of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from a Bichat fat pad (BFP-MSCs). Methods: Four different Ti disks were used as substrate: (I) D1: smooth Ti, as control; (II) D2: chemically etched, resembling the Kontact S surface; (III) D3: sandblasted, resembling the Kontact surface; (IV) D4: blasted/etched, resembling the Kontact N surface. BFP-MSCs were plated on Ti disks for 72 h. Cell viability, adhesion on disks and release of a panel of cytokines, chemokines and growth factor were evaluated. Results: BFP-MSCs plated in wells with Ti surface showed a viability rate (~90%) and proliferative rate comparable to cells plated without disks and to cells plated on D1 disks. D2 and D4 showed the highest adhesive ability. All the Ti surfaces did not interfere with the release of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors by BFP-MSCs. However, BFP-MSCs cultured on D4 surface released a significantly higher amount of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) compared either to cells plated without disks and to cells plated on D1 and D2. Conclusions: The implant surfaces examined do not impair the BFP-MSCs cell viability and preserve their secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to define the implant surface parameters able to assure the chemokines’ optimal release for a real improvement of dental implant osseointegration.

The Anti-tumor Activity and Mechanisms of rLj-RGD3 on Human Laryngeal Squamous Carcinoma Hep2 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 2108-2119
Author(s):  
Yang Jin ◽  
Li Lv ◽  
Shu-Xiang Ning ◽  
Ji-Hong Wang ◽  
Rong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Dna Ladder ◽  
Western Blot Assay

Background: Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) is a malignant epithelial tumor with poor prognosis and its incidence rate increased recently. rLj-RGD3, a recombinant protein cloned from the buccal gland of Lampetra japonica, contains three RGD motifs that could bind to integrins on the tumor cells. Methods: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory rate of viability. Giemsa’s staining assay was used to observe the morphological changes of cells. Hoechst 33258 and TUNEL staining assay, DNA ladder assay were used to examine the apoptotic. Western blot assay was applied to detect the change of the integrin signal pathway. Wound-healing assay, migration, and invasion assay were used to detect the mobility of Hep2 cells. H&E staining assay was used to show the arrangement of the Hep2 cells in the solid tumor tissues. Results: In the present study, rLj-RGD3 was shown to inhibit the viability of LSCC Hep2 cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis with an IC50 of 1.23µM. Western blot showed that the apoptosis of Hep2 cells induced by rLj- RGD3 was dependent on the integrin-FAK-Akt pathway. Wound healing, transwells, and western blot assays in vitro showed that rLj-RGD3 suppressed the migration and invasion of Hep2 cells by integrin-FAKpaxillin/ PLC pathway which could also affect the cytoskeleton arrangement in Hep2 cells. In in vivo studies, rLj-RGD3 inhibited the growth, tumor volume, and weight, as well as disturbed the tissue structure of the solid tumors in xenograft models of BALB/c nude mice without reducing their body weights. Conclusion: hese results suggested that rLj-RGD3 is an effective and safe suppressor on the growth and metastasis of LSCC Hep2 cells from both in vitro and in vivo experiments. rLj-RGD3 might be expected to become a novel anti-tumor drug to treat LSCC patients in the near future.

scholarly journals Novel dental implant modifications with two-staged double benefits for preventing infection and promoting osseointegration in vivo and in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4568-4579
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Huang ◽  
Yang Ge ◽  
Bina Yang ◽  
Qi Han ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant

scholarly journals The Role of Biomimetic Hypoxia on Cancer Cell Behaviour in 3D Models: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Zahra Mohri ◽  
Wissal Alsheikh ◽  
Umber Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tissue Models

The development of biomimetic, human tissue models is recognized as being an important step for transitioning in vitro research findings to the native in vivo response. Oftentimes, 2D models lack the necessary complexity to truly recapitulate cellular responses. The introduction of physiological features into 3D models informs us of how each component feature alters specific cellular response. We conducted a systematic review of research papers where the focus was the introduction of key biomimetic features into in vitro models of cancer, including 3D culture and hypoxia. We analysed outcomes from these and compiled our findings into distinct groupings to ascertain which biomimetic parameters correlated with specific responses. We found a number of biomimetic features which primed cancer cells to respond in a manner which matched in vivo response.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitrification on the Blastocyst Gene Expression Profile in a Porcine Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Cristina Cuello ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Josep M. Cambra ◽  
Inmaculada Parrilla ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transcriptome Profile ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
The Impact

This study was designed to investigate the impact of vitrification on the transcriptome profile of blastocysts using a porcine (Sus scrofa) model and a microarray approach. Blastocysts were collected from weaned sows (n = 13). A total of 60 blastocysts were vitrified (treatment group). After warming, vitrified embryos were cultured in vitro for 24 h. Non-vitrified blastocysts (n = 40) were used as controls. After the in vitro culture period, the embryo viability was morphologically assessed. A total of 30 viable embryos per group (three pools of 10 from 4 different donors each) were subjected to gene expression analysis. A fold change cut-off of ±1.5 and a restrictive threshold at p-value < 0.05 were used to distinguish differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The survival rates of vitrified/warmed blastocysts were similar to those of the control (nearly 100%, n.s.). A total of 205 (112 upregulated and 93 downregulated) were identified in the vitrified blastocysts compared to the control group. The vitrification/warming impact was moderate, and it was mainly related to the pathways of cell cycle, cellular senescence, gap junction, and signaling for TFGβ, p53, Fox, and MAPK. In conclusion, vitrification modified the transcriptome of in vivo-derived porcine blastocysts, resulting in minor gene expression changes.

scholarly journals Protein kinase D promotes plasticity-induced F-actin stabilization in dendritic spines and regulates memory formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 210 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Bencsik ◽  
Zsófia Szíber ◽  
Hanna Liliom ◽  
Krisztián Tárnok ◽  
Sándor Borbély ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Protein Kinase D

Actin turnover in dendritic spines influences spine development, morphology, and plasticity, with functional consequences on learning and memory formation. In nonneuronal cells, protein kinase D (PKD) has an important role in stabilizing F-actin via multiple molecular pathways. Using in vitro models of neuronal plasticity, such as glycine-induced chemical long-term potentiation (LTP), known to evoke synaptic plasticity, or long-term depolarization block by KCl, leading to homeostatic morphological changes, we show that actin stabilization needed for the enlargement of dendritic spines is dependent on PKD activity. Consequently, impaired PKD functions attenuate activity-dependent changes in hippocampal dendritic spines, including LTP formation, cause morphological alterations in vivo, and have deleterious consequences on spatial memory formation. We thus provide compelling evidence that PKD controls synaptic plasticity and learning by regulating actin stability in dendritic spines.

scholarly journals Foeniculum vulgareMill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamkant B. Badgujar ◽  
Vainav V. Patel ◽  
Atmaram H. Bandivdekar
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Foeniculum vulgareMill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. The review aims to gather the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology ofFoeniculum vulgare. It also compiles available scientific evidence for the ethnobotanical claims and to identify gaps required to be filled by future research. Findings based on their traditional uses and scientific evaluation indicates thatFoeniculum vulgareremains to be the most widely used herbal plant. It has been used for more than forty types of disorders. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as volatile compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids. Compiled data indicate their efficacy in severalin vitroandin vivopharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory enhancing property.Foeniculum vulgarehas emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and it provides a noteworthy basis in pharmaceutical biology for the development/formulation of new drugs and future clinical uses.

scholarly journals The hormonal induction of cervical remodeling in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Simon ◽  
Almuth Einspanier
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
The Common

Controversy still exists regarding the involvement of relaxin (RLX) in cervical reorganization throughout parturition in the human, despite its well-known role in facilitating extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in diverse organs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of RLX and estrogen (E2) on the cervical tissue of the common marmoset monkey. Two experimental designs were used: 1)in vivoanalysis of the intracervical diameter under locally applied RLX and 2) ovariectomized (ov) marmosets were treated systemically with either recombinant human (rh) RLX, E2 or rhRLX+E2 to examine their action on the cervix.In vivo-locally applied rhRLX induced a distinct and significant widening of the cervix (before: 4.8±1.1 mm versus after: 5.7±0.9 mm in diameter;P<0.030, MV±s.e.m.). This widening effect was most pronounced in animals without previous pregnancies.In vitroinvestigation of cervical tissue showed significantly increased wet weights after all three hormone treatments (E2: 0.27±0.07 g, RLX: 0.25±0.04 g, E2+RLX: 0.30±0.11 g; allP<0.05; MV±s.e.m.) versus controls (0.10±0.04 g). Furthermore, morphological changes such as loosening of the connective tissue structure and decline in collagen content, an increase in the number of eosinophils, increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1) and MMP2, as well as gene and protein expression of the RLX receptor RXFP1 could be detected in the cervical tissue after all hormone treatments, compared with controls. In summary, RLX has a potent widening effect on the cervix of the common marmoset monkey. Although E2 is not required for this RLX effect, a combined application of E2 and RLX induced the most prominent cervical ripening.

scholarly journals 766 Toward safe, systemic delivery of synthetic TLR7/8 agonists using Bottlebrush Prodrugs (BPDs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A801-A801
Author(s):  
Sachin Bhagchandani ◽  
Lauren Milling ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Timothy Fessenden ◽  
Stefani Spranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Tlr Agonists ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Tolerable Dose

BackgroundAlthough toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists such as imidazoquinoline derivatives (IMDs) have been well researched and are FDA approved as topical solutions for treatment of skin cancer, their systemic delivery for treatment of metastatic disease has not been successful due to toxicity issues. Therefore, to lessen the degree of the adverse effects of intravenous delivery of IMDs such as resiquimod (R848), a bottlebrush prodrug (BPD) system enabling controlled release of R848 at tunable rates was designed and synthesized. We hypothesized that this approach would allow for minimizing the release of the free drug in serum, allowing for a higher concentration to accumulate in the tumor while minimizing systemic side effects.MethodsR848 was conjugated to a bottlebrush polymer with different linkers designed to precisely tune the R848 release rate. The release rates of the drug delivered through this system were first tested in PBS. These prodrug formulations were validated for drug activity in vitro in mouse and human TLR reporter cells. The maximum tolerable dose was defined by monitoring weight loss and serum cytokine levels upon intravenous administration at multiple concentrations. Finally, anti-tumor efficacy of the BPD system was tested in vivo using the MC38 colon cancer model as a monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody treatment.ResultsThe in-vitro half-lives of the conjugated drugs varied from a few days to over a month when tested in PBS. The different BPDs demonstrated linker dependent TLR activation upon culturing with TLR reporter cells validating the immunomodulatory activity of R848. It was found that the R848-BPDs, which accumulated at the tumor site over time, significantly delayed tumor growth and improved survival rates, which was further enhanced when used in combination with anti-PD-1.ConclusionsOverall, our research suggests that our R848-BPD platform allows for safe, systemic delivery of TLR agonists to activate the immune system in treatment of cancer.

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