Coherent THz Hyper-Raman: Spectroscopy and Application in THz Detection

Recently we have demonstrated a new nonlinear optical effect in the THz interval of frequencies. The latter is based on the use of femtosecond optical pulses and intense, sub-ps, broadband terahertz (THz) pulses to generate a THz-optical four- and five-wave mixing in the investigated material. The spectrum of the generated signal is resolved in time and wavelength and displays two pronounced frequency sidebands, Stokes and anti-Stokes, close to the optical second harmonic central frequency 2 ω L , where ω L is the optical central frequency of the fundamental beam, thus resembling the spectrum of standard hyper-Raman scattering, and hence we named this effect ‘THz hyper-Raman’—THYR. We applied this technique to several crystalline materials, including α-quartz and gallium selenide. In the first material, we find that the THYR technique brings spectroscopic information on a large variety of low-energy excitations that include polaritons and phonons far from the Γ-point, which are difficult to study with standard optical techniques. In the second example, we show that this new tool offers some advantages in detecting ultra-broadband THz pulses. In this paper we review these two recent results, showing the potentialities of this new THz technique.