scholarly journals Comparison between Mechanical Properties and Structures of a Rolled and a 3D-Printed Stainless Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Natali ◽  
Andrea Brotzu ◽  
Daniela Pilone
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Lower Elongation ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

In this work selective laser melting was successfully utilized to produce 316 stainless steel bulk specimens. Although this technology provides many advantages compared to conventional shaping processes, little residual porosity may be a problem for some applications where high strength is required. The objective of this work was to determine, through data analysis, a mechanical and metallographic comparison between thin sheets made by using different manufacturing technologies: Cold rolling and additive manufacturing. This comparison was useful to understand whether it could be more advantageous to use the prototyping for new mechanical components. The results show that the additive manufactured steel, due to its microstructure, is characterized by a higher yield strength and by a lower elongation and ultimate tensile strength.

scholarly journals Directionally-Dependent Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Manufactured by Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3603
Author(s):  
Tim Pasang ◽  
Benny Tavlovich ◽  
Omry Yannay ◽  
Ben Jakson ◽  
Mike Fry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Plate Rolling

An investigation of mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V produced by additive manufacturing (AM) in the as-printed condition have been conducted and compared with wrought alloys. The AM samples were built by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM) in 0°, 45° and 90°—relative to horizontal direction. Similarly, the wrought samples were also cut and tested in the same directions relative to the plate rolling direction. The microstructures of the samples were significantly different on all samples. α′ martensite was observed on the SLM, acicular α on EBM and combination of both on the wrought alloy. EBM samples had higher surface roughness (Ra) compared with both SLM and wrought alloy. SLM samples were comparatively harder than wrought alloy and EBM. Tensile strength of the wrought alloy was higher in all directions except for 45°, where SLM samples showed higher strength than both EBM and wrought alloy on that direction. The ductility of the wrought alloy was consistently higher than both SLM and EBM indicated by clear necking feature on the wrought alloy samples. Dimples were observed on all fracture surfaces.

scholarly journals Superior Mechanical Behavior and Fretting Wear Resistance of 3D-Printed Inconel 625 Superalloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gao ◽  
Mingzhuo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Inconel 625 Superalloy ◽  
Electron Beam Selective Melting

Additive manufacturing (AM) nickel-based superalloys have been demonstrated to equate or exceed mechanical properties of cast and wrought counterparts but their tribological potentials have not been fully realized. This study investigates fretting wear behaviors of Inconel 625 against the 42 CrMo4 stainless steel under flat-on-flat contacts. Inconel 625 is prepared by additive manufacturing (AM) using the electron beam selective melting. Results show that it has a high hardness (335 HV), superior tensile strength (952 MPa) and yield strength (793 MPa). Tribological tests indicate that the AM-Inconel 625 can suppress wear of the surface within a depth of only ~2.4 μm at a contact load of 106 N after 2 × 104 cycles. The excellent wear resistance is attributed to the improved strength and the formation of continuous tribo-layers containing a mixture of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Cr2O3 and Mn2O3.

scholarly journals Effect of Powder Feedstock on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Guangfu Yin ◽  
Zai Feng ◽  
Xiaoming Liao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Powder Feedstock

Additive manufacturing by selective laser melting (SLM) was used to investigate the effect of powder feedstock on 316L stainless steel properties include microstructure, relative density, microhardness and mechanical properties. Gas atomized SS316L powders of three different particle size distribution were used in this study. Microstructural investigations were done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile tests were performed at room temperatures. Microstructure characterization revealed the presence of hierarchical structures consisting of solidified melt pools, columnar grains and multiform shaped sub-grains. The results showed that the SLM sample from the fine powder obtained the highest mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 611.9 ± 9.4 MPa and yield strength (YS) of 519.1 ± 5.9 MPa, and an attendant elongation (EL) of 14.6 ± 1.9%, and a maximum of 97.92 ± 0.13% and a high microhardness 291 ± 6 HV0.1. It has been verified that the fine powder (~16 μm) could be used in additive manufacturing with proper printing parameters.

Electron and Laser Beam Additive Manufacturing with Wire - Comparison of Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 799 ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Stanisław Węglowski ◽  
Sylwester Błacha ◽  
Robert Jachym ◽  
Jan Dutkiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Rogal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Metallographic Examination

Electron beam (EBAM) and laser beam (LBAM) additive manufacturing processes with a deposited material in the form of a wire are an efficient methods enabling the making of component parts. The scope of the presented work was to investigate the influence of technological process on microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, microhardness and elongation of the fabricated components. The achieved results and gained knowledge will enable the production of a whole structure from stainless steel in the future. The metallographic examination revealed that the microstructure is not fully homogenies, the cell-dendritic areas occurred. Moreover, the microhardness profiles indicated that some fluctuation in the microstructure as well as mechanical properties can be observed on the cross section of deposited components. However, the mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength as well as elongation fulfil the requirement of producer of deposited wire.

Reinforcing Inconel 718 Superalloy by Nano-TiC Particles in Selective Laser Melting

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachao Wang ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Reinforcement Particle ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Laser Melting

Metal components produced by additive manufacturing processes usually have inferior properties and performances as compared with the counterparts by the traditional forming and machining processes. To close the gap, the metal matrix can be strengthened by adding reinforcement particles in additive manufacturing processes. This research presents the fabrication of nano-TiC reinforced Inconel 718 composites using selective laser melting (SLM). Tensile and wear performance tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the formed composites. It is discovered that the composites exhibit improved mechanical properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength and yield stress. Compared with the pure Inconel 718 specimens by SLM, the ultimate tensile strength and yield stress of the reinforced Inconel 718 increase by 207 MPa and 204 MPa, respectively, with 0.5 wt.% addition of nano-TiC particle. Smaller increases are observed with 0.25 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% nano-TiC additions. On the other hand, the addition of nano-TiC particles decreases the ductility of Inconel 718. To investigate the strengthening mechanism of nano reinforcement particles in SLM, the microstructures with different levels of nano-TiC particles are observed. The results indicate that the microstructure of Inconel 718 is remarkably refined by the TiC particles, and the reinforcement particle significantly impede the growth of columnar grain in the solidification process.

Plastic and metal additive manufacturing technologies for microwave passive components up toKaband

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-782
Author(s):  
Johann Sence ◽  
William Feuray ◽  
Aurélien Périgaud ◽  
Olivier Tantot ◽  
Nicolas Delhote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Mode Converter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper illustrates the different possibilities given by additive manufacturing technologies for the creation of passive microwave hardware. The paper more specifically highlights a prototyping scheme where the 3D-printed plastic parts can be used as initial proofs of concept before considering more advanced 3D-printed parts (metal parts, for instance). First, a characterization campaign has been made on common plastics used by a 3D printer using the fused deposition modeling and material jetting (Polyjet©) technologies. The impact of the manufacturing strategy (high-speed or high-accuracy) on the part roughness, as well as on the dielectric material permittivity and loss tangent, has been specifically studied at 10 and 16 GHz. Based on a specifically optimized and deeply explained characterization method, the conductivity of a coating based on silver paint has also been characterized on such plastic parts at 10 and 40 GHz. These plastic materials and coating have been used for the creation of quasi-elliptic and tuning-free bandpass filters centered at 6 and 12 GHz and compared with a similar filter made of stainless steel by selective laser melting. Finally, a compact rectangularTE10to circularTE01mode converter also undergoes one prototyping step out of plastic before moving to an advanced part made out of stainless steel. This mode converter, which is made in a single part, is designed to operate from 28 to 36 GHz as a tuning-free final demonstrator.

Investigation of Functional Graded Steel Parts Produced by Selective Laser Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 822 ◽  
pp. 563-568
Author(s):  
Vadim Sufiiarov ◽  
Evgenii Borisov ◽  
Igor A. Polozov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Laser Melting

The article presents the results of a study on the additive manufacturing of functional graded steel parts. Studies have been carried out on the possibility of growing blanks from two steels simultaneously – tool steel H13 and stainless steel 316L. The study of the microstructure of the transition from one steel to another showed that the transition layer is smooth and is about 200 microns thick. The mechanical properties in the transition layer are distributed over the gradient and smoothly change from one material to another. The structure and properties of the transition layer after heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing are shown.

Additive manufacturing of high-strength weathering steel parts fabricated by gas tungsten arc: Microstructure and mechanical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 2127-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xiong ◽  
Yue Mao ◽  
Huihui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weathering Steel ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gas Tungsten ◽  
Deposition Height

This study focuses on microstructure and mechanical properties as a function of location in additively manufactured high-strength weathering steel components using gas tungsten arc as the heat source. Variations of microstructure and mechanical properties in various locations are presented and analysed. The as-deposited high-strength weathering steel is composed of columnar grain morphology with proeutectoid ferrite, acicular ferrite, side plate ferrite and a small amount of pearlite microstructure in the top region, equiaxed grains with ferrite and pearlite in the middle region, and columnar grains in the near-substrate region with the microstructure similar to that in the top region. There exist obvious layer bands in the middle region, and the forming mechanism of the bands is addressed. Microhardness measurement and tensile strength testing indicate obvious changes in different regions, depending on location and direction of testing specimens. The microhardness in the middle region is inferior to that in both near-substrate and top regions. The ultimate tensile strengths in the travel and deposition height directions are approximately 553 and 506 MPa, respectively. Different locations exhibit heterogeneous tensile strength and elongation due to various microstructures and boundaries. The results indicate the feasibility to fabricate high-strength weathering steel components with good tensile properties using gas tungsten arc–based additive manufacturing.

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