scholarly journals Statistical Thermodynamics of Chiral Skyrmions in a Ferromagnetic Material

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivieri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Configurational Entropy ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Magnetic Systems ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Skyrmions

Solitons are a challenging topic in condensed matter physics and materials science because of the interplay between their topological and physical properties and for the crucial role they play in topological phase transitions. Among them, chiral skyrmions hosted in ferromagnetic systems are axisymmetric solitonic states attracting a lot of attention for their dazzling physical properties and technological applications. In this paper, the equilibrium statistical thermodynamics of chiral magnetic skyrmions developing in a ferromagnetic material having the shape of an ultrathin cylindrical dot is investigated. This is accomplished by determining via analytical calculations for both Néel and Bloch skyrmions: (1) the internal energy of a single chiral skyrmion; (2) the partition function; (3) the free energy; (4) the pressure; and (5) the equation of state of a skyrmion diameters population. To calculate the thermodynamic functions for points (2)–(5), the derivation of the average internal energy and of the configurational entropy is crucial. Numerical calculations of the thermodynamic functions for points (1)–(5) are applied to Néel skyrmions. These results could advance the field of materials science with special regard to low-dimensional magnetic systems.

Quantum Spin Liquids from a Materials Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Clark ◽  
Aly H. Abdeldaim
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Quantum Spin ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Spin Liquids ◽  
Magnetic Systems ◽  
Quantum Spin Liquids ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Low Dimensional

Quantum spin liquids are unique quantum states of matter predicted to arise in low-dimensional, frustrated, and quantum magnetic systems. Compared with conventional ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states, quantum spin liquids are expected to display a variety of novel and exotic properties, making their realization in materials a highly appealing prospect. While an unambiguous realization of this long-sought-after state remains elusive, a growing number of materials candidates show promise in revealing the properties of quantum spin liquids. In this review, we present some of the key challenges and current opportunities in the synthesis, characterization, and understanding of quantum spin liquids from the perspective of the broad and interdisciplinary field of materials research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Materials Science, Volume 51 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Self-assembly and properties of low-dimensional nanomaterials based on π-conjugated organic molecules

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lv ◽  
Huibiao Liu ◽  
Yuliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Supramolecular Architectures ◽  
Low Dimensional

Building supramolecular architectures with well-defined shapes and functions is of great importance in materials science, nanochemistry, and biomimetic chemistry. In recent years, we have devoted much effort to the construction of well-defined supramolecular structures through noncovalent forces such as hydrogen bonding, π-stacking, metal-ligand bonds, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with the aid of functional building blocks. The morphologies and their physical properties were studied, and new methods for the construction of one-dimensional nanoscale structures have been developed. In this review, we summarize our recent studies on the design and synthesis of the supramolecular systems, as well as the physical properties of nanoscale structures.

scholarly journals Topological electronics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Topological Phases ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Topological Materials ◽  
Device Applications

AbstractWithin the broad and deep field of topological materials, there are an ever-increasing number of materials that harbor topological phases. While condensed matter physics continues to probe the exotic physical properties resulting from the existence of topological phases in new materials, there exists a suite of “well-known” topological materials in which the physical properties are well-characterized, such as Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3. In this context, it is then appropriate to ask if the unique properties of well-explored topological materials may have a role to play in applications that form the basis of a new paradigm in information processing devices and architectures. To accomplish such a transition from physical novelty to application based material, the potential of topological materials must be disseminated beyond the reach of condensed matter to engender interest in diverse areas such as: electrical engineering, materials science, and applied physics. Accordingly, in this review, we assess the state of current electronic device applications and contemplate the future prospects of topological materials from an applied perspective. More specifically, we will review the application of topological materials to the general areas of electronic and magnetic device technologies with the goal of elucidating the potential utility of well-characterized topological materials in future information processing applications.

Self Assembling Nanostructured Delivery Vehicles for Biochemically Reactive Pairs

1994 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Kossovsky ◽  
A. Gelman ◽  
H.J. Hnatyszyn ◽  
E. Sponsler ◽  
G.-M. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Carbon Ceramic

ABSTRACTIntrigued by the deceptive simplicity and beauty of macromolecular self-assembly, our laboratory began studying models of self-assembly using solids, glasses, and colloidal substrates. These studies have defined a fundamental new colloidal material for supporting members of a biochemically reactive pair.The technology, a molecular transportation assembly, is based on preformed carbon ceramic nanoparticles and self assembled calcium-phosphate dihydrate particles to which glassy carbohydrates are then applied as a nanometer thick surface coating. This carbohydrate coated core functions as a dehydroprotectant and stabilizes surface immobilized members of a biochemically reactive pair. The final product, therefore, consists of three layers. The core is comprised of the ceramic, the second layer is the dehydroprotectant carbohydrate adhesive, and the surface layer is the biochemically reactive molecule for which delivery is desired.We have characterized many of the physical properties of this system and have evaluated the utility of this delivery technology in vitro and in animal models. Physical characterization has included standard and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron and x-ray diffraction and ζ potential analysis. Functional assays of the ability of the system to act as a nanoscale dehydroprotecting delivery vehicle have been performed on viral antigens, hemoglobin, and insulin. By all measures at present, the favorable physical properties and biological behavior of the molecular transportation assembly point to an exciting new interdisciplinary area of technology development in materials science, chemistry and biology.

The statistical thermodynamics of solutions of non-spherical molecules. I. The thermodynamic functions

1955 ◽  
Vol 229 (1177) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Pure Component ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermodynamics Of Solutions ◽  
Theory And Experiment

The perturbation treatment of the orientational forces between non-spherical molecules proposed by Cook & Rowlinson (1953) is extended to mixtures by using the theory of solutions put forward by Longuet-Higgins (1951). The thermodynamic functions and the equation of state of such mixtures are expressed in terms of the intermolecular forces and the properties of one pure component. Expressions are derived for the excess (or non-ideal) thermodynamic functions which are compared with the experimental results on the four solutions, benzene+ cyclohexane , benzene+carbon tetrachloride, benzene + ethylene dychloride, and cyclohexane + carbon tetrachloride. The agreement between theory and experiment is improved by taking account of the orientational forces.

Low-Dimensional Magnetic Systems in Nanopore Arrays

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 4610-4613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Bajales ◽  
Maria S. Viqueira ◽  
Lucia Avalle ◽  
Silvia E. Urreta ◽  
Paula G. Bercoff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Systems ◽  
Nanopore Arrays ◽  
Low Dimensional

Physical properties of particles obeying generalized statistics

1955 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Scattering Amplitudes ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Thermodynamical Equilibrium ◽  
Spin Fields ◽  
Integral Spin ◽  
Number Of Particles

ABSTRACTThe Feynman probability amplitudes for interactions between spin ½ fields and fields of integral spin quantized according to the generalized method of Green are investigated. It is shown that the scattering amplitudes are independent of the method of quantization though the amplitudes of the vacuum fluctuations are not. The question of distinguishing particles satisfying the generalized statistics, if they exist in nature, from Fermi or Bose particles is considered. It is shown that the statistical thermodynamics of the particles depends on the statistics, but as this requires a large number of particles in thermodynamical equilibrium, it offers no means of distinction for particles with short lifetimes. In practice, an examination of particles in bound states would identify particles obeying generalized statistics.

Symmetry-general ab initio computation of physical properties using quantum software integrated with crystal structure databases: results and perspectives

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvon Le Page ◽  
Paul W. Saxe ◽  
John R. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Elastic Tensor ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Structure Databases ◽  
Using Data

The timely integration of crystal structure databases, such as CRYSTMET, ICSD etc., with quantum software, like VASP, OresteS, ElectrA etc., allows ab initio cell and structure optimization on existing pure-phase compounds to be performed seamlessly with just a few mouse clicks. Application to the optimization of rough structure models, and possibly new atomic arrangements, is detailed. The ability to reproduce observed cell data can lead to an assessment of the intrinsic plausibility of a structure model, even without a competing model. The accuracy of optimized atom positions is analogous to that from routine powder studies. Recently, the ab initio symmetry-general least-squares extraction of the coefficients of the elastic tensor for pure-phase materials using data from corresponding entries in crystal structure databases was automated. A selection of highly encouraging results is presented, stressing the complementarity of simulation and experiment. Additional physical properties also appear to be computable using existing quantum software under the guidance of an automation scheme designed following the above automation for the elastic tensor. This possibility creates the exciting perspective of mining crystal structure databases for new materials with combinations of physical properties that were never measured before. Crystal structure databases can accordingly be expected to become the cornerstone of materials science research within a very few years, adding immense practical value to the archived structure data.

Targeted Alternation in Properties of Solid Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Material in Exposing to Nanosecond Laser Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Ivan S. Safronov ◽  
Alexander I. Ushakov
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Traditional Processing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

One of the most important purposes of materials science is the ability to govern the physical properties of materials characterized by different structures. The strength properties of nanostructured metal alloys do not always meet the exploitation requirements. The set of properties of such materials is stable within narrow limits: temperature, mechanical, and corrosion conditions. Traditional processing modes are ineffective for such materials. Attempts to use them often lead to the loss of unique physical and chemical properties. The most effective methods of processing such materials are associated with the use of laser radiation. The laser pulse has a number of features, including a complex effect on the surface layers of the material. Spot and short irradiation with high-energy rays can preserve the unique physical properties of samples as a whole and improve strength indicators without destroying the structure of the material as a whole.

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