scholarly journals The Application of Granulated Expanded Glass Aggregate with Cement Grout as an Alternative Solution for Sub-Grade and Frost-Protection Sub-Base Layer in Road Construction

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Kurpińska ◽  
Beata Grzyl ◽  
Marek Pszczola ◽  
Adam Kristowski
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Cement Grout ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Glass Aggregate ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
Frost Protection

The purpose of the research was to assess the possibility of using granulated expanded glass aggregate (GEGA) with cement grout as a replacement of a sub-grade and frost-protection layer, made of natural fine aggregates (NATU), stabilized with a hydraulic binder. Instead of traditional parts of the road construction, such as the sub-grade and frost-protection layer with the application of fine aggregate, stabilized with cement, the authors propose only one layer, made of lightweight water-permeable material, containing GEGA with a grain size from 8 to 11.2 mm. In the article the authors present the physical properties of the materials, applied for the road layers, the properties of the fine aggregate, stabilized with cement, and those of the cement composite with GEGA as an alternative solution. The laboratory test results of fine aggregates, stabilized with cement and of cement composites with GEGA, are presented. Porosity, volume density, compressive strength, and frost resistance are being researched. The results of those tests are meant to play an essential role in designing the thickness of road layers. Different types of pavement structure (asphalt and concrete) and different values of road load are being considered in the given work. The paper is concluded with considerations on an innovative solution, involving the use of ecological materials.

Long-Lasting Gravel Roads: Case Study from the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Selim ◽  
Kenneth O. Skorseth ◽  
Ratnasamy Muniandy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aggregate Base

Gravel surfacing is commonly used on low-volume roads in rural areas of the United States to form farm-to-market networks that contain more than a million miles of unpaved roads. Some of these roads carry appreciable amounts of trucks and farm machinery. Some of these roads, if properly designed and constructed, can last a long time. One such road is in Hand County, South Dakota. This road was constructed in 1963 and has never been rehabilitated or reconstructed since its construction, and it has shown excellent performance for more than 37 years. This road normally carries less than 200 vehicles per day, but significant numbers of heavy trucks use the road. This exceptional performance led to an investigation of the reasons why that road lasted as long as it did without major maintenance or rehabilitation. Although this type of road construction is common in other nations, under different names, the practice of constructing this type of road in the United States was done without documented specifications. The main objectives of the study were to determine all factors that contributed to the longevity and the remarkable performance of this road through field and laboratory investigations. Field investigations with a dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) revealed that both the quality and the quantity of aggregate base were more than adequate. Although the subgrade soil was classified as A6 according to AASHTO soil specifications, it provided good support according to DCP data. Tests of the flatness and elongation of the coarse aggregate and the angularity of the fine aggregate also revealed satisfactory results. Gradation tests also revealed compliance with specifications.

scholarly journals Flexural Behaviour of RC Beams with Recycled Aggregates

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 1522-1525
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Glass Aggregate ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Cost Efficient

-Continuous raw material demand was increased in concrete productions which requires good quality and cost efficient alternative materials like Recycled Coarse Aggregate, M Sand and Glass as aggregate. This paper reports the behaviour of concrete using Glass aggregate as Fine Aggregate and Recycled aggregate as Coarse Aggregate replacement in concrete up to 15% and 30% respectively. In this project work, the concrete grade M25 was selected and IS method was used for mix design. The properties of Cement, M-Sand, Natural Coarse Aggregate, Glass asAggregate and Recycled Aggregate were investigated. The Beam Specimens were casted with and without C&D waste (Coarse Aggregate Replaced with Recycled Aggregate at 30% and Fine Aggregates replaced with Glass Aggregate at 15%). Vibration Analysis were made by using FFT analyser to determine acceleration characteristics. The work is focused on possible conservation of natural resources by substituting with waste material by suggesting a possible reuse option for Construction waste.

scholarly journals ANALISA KEKUATAN AGREGAT KlAS A MATERIAL KABUPATEN SOLOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masril Masril
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Road ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Class A ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Pavement Thickness

In order to realize the goal of development between an area to another region through land transportation, it is very important in the construction of road facilities. In civil construction science, material that can be used as material greatly determines the quality and quantity of the construction.Base construction or foundation layer is very besides as a foundation layer also to bear the burden of vehicles or traffic that passes through the construction of the road, so that material is needed quality.For the implementation of planning for pavement thickness of pavement construction layers, it is necessary to consider all the factors that can affect road construction such as road function, age of plan, traffic, carrying capacity of land, regional factors, surface index (IP), equivalent numbers, average daily traffic, Pavement Thickness Index and Relative strength Coefficient.In making road construction, the material used determines the quality of the road, so in the implementation of road construction it is necessary to carry out laboratory testing, which in the labor test discussed is coarse aggregates originating from Solok Sumatra B arat district, which will later be used for Base Class A on the road. The implementation of the Tests that the authors carried out was the calculation of the aggregate class A class proportion, Aggregate Specific Gravity, Compaction Test of the Base Class A aggregate mixture, Laboratory CBR Testing, and CBR Plan determination.The test results obtained can be a recommendation whether or not the aggregate can be used. Laboratory test results were obtained from the results of the testing of aggregate Class A material derived from solok. Testing the aggregate proportion of base A meets the requirements because it enters the filter 2 "to filter 200, Testing the aggregate density obtained density 2,685, Testing for aggregate compaction obtained Weight Content = 2.763% and Optimum moisture content = 5.75%. From the value of the above test results it can be concluded that the coarse aggregates originating from Solok can be used for Base Class A on Road construction work.

scholarly journals Kajian Pengaruh Variasi Material Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Suhendra Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Aggregate quality is very influential on the strength of the resulting concrete. Both coarse and fine aggregates have various characteristics identified from laboratory test results. This study aims to examine the use of various aggregates for a quality of concrete. The coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate used are obtained from the nearest location to the work to be performed. The quality of the concrete reviewed is K-125, K-175 and K-225. The coarse aggregates used are 1-2 size (in cm), 2-3 size (in cm) crushed aggregate and coral. The fine aggregates used for each of the coarse aggregates are also different. The results showed that the coral aggregate did not meet the gradations of concrete aggregate. While the fine aggregate does not meet the gradation of concrete aggregate for the three types used. The concrete compressive strength test results show the use of coarse aggregates of 2-3 size of crushed and coarse aggregate of corals giving the average compressive strength value required for all planned concrete strength. While concrete using coarse aggregates of rocks of size 1-2 only meet the specified compressive strength, but does not meet the required compressive strength.Key words: Aggregates, concrete, compressive strength

The Lightweight Porous Fine Aggregate Composite Based on Secondary Raw Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 799 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Dainius Leonavičius ◽  
Ina Pundienė ◽  
Modestas Kligys ◽  
Jolanta Pranckevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Glass Aggregate ◽  
Foamed Glass

The main objective of this study was to carry out more detailed research on the effects of the amount of cement paste on the physical and mechanical properties of porous fine aggregate concrete (PFAC). Fine foamed glass aggregate (prepared of local glass breaks) and crushed expanded polystyrene aggregate (prepared of local packing tare of household equipment), ordinary Portland cement (OPC), plasticizing and air entraining admixtures, as well as pozzolanic additive – metakaolin-based waste (local waste in production process of foamed glass aggregate), were used for the preparation of forming mixtures. Fine aggregates were coated by an extremely thin layer of porous cement paste in the samples with the lowest amount of OPC (70 kg/m3), and the aggregates contact with each other mainly at the points (empty spaces between the aggregates are interconnected between each other). There were no empty spaces between the aggregates observed, and porous cement paste seems to be monolithic in the samples with the highest amount of OPC (370 kg/m3). Increased amount of OPC (from 70 to 370 kg/m3) results in denser structure, increased dry density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity coefficient and decreased water absorption of the samples.

The Political Economy of Power: Approaches to the Analysis of Relationships between the State and Business in Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
A. Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Business Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ruling Elites

The article deals with the issues of political and economic power as well as their constellation on the market. The theory of public choice and the theory of public contract are confronted with an approach centered on the power triad. If structured in the power triad, interactions among states representatives, businesses with structural advantages and businesses without structural advantages allow capturing administrative rents. The political power of the ruling elites coexists with economic power of certain members of the business community. The situation in the oil and gas industry, the retail trade and the road construction and operation industry in Russia illustrates key moments in the proposed analysis.

Effect of Copper Slag as a Fine Aggregate on the Durability Characteristics of High-Performance Concrete (HPC) Containing Silica Fume

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmad Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Chloride Penetration ◽  
Interfacial Transition Zone ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fresh Properties ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Effect Of Copper

This paper investigates the fresh and durability properties of the high-performance concrete by replacing cement with 15% Silica fume and simultaneously replacing fine aggregates with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% copper slag at w/b ratio of 0.23. Five mixes were analysed and compared with the standard concrete mix. Fresh properties show an increase in the slump with the increase in the quantity of copper slag to the mix. Sorptivity, chloride penetration, UPV and carbonation results were very encouraging at 50% copper slag replacement levels. Microstructure analysis of these mixes shows the emergence of C-S-H gel for nearly all mixes indicating densification of the interfacial transition zone of the concrete.

ABOUT THE METHOD OF THE OPTIMISATION OF STUDENTS’LEARNING ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Крячко
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
National Language ◽  
The Road ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Animal World

Постановка задачи. Изучение предмета «Иностранный язык» в техническом университете предполагает усвоение обучающимися терминологической лексики в соответствии с выбранной специальностью. Опыт преподавания показывает, что студенты испытывают трудности, связанные с запоминанием терминологических единиц и употреблением их в речи. Использование на занятиях по иностранному языку приема обучения терминологической лексике посредством опоры на внутреннюю форму данных лексических единиц позволяет оптимизировать процесс усвоения обучающимися специальных терминов. Результаты. Проведенное исследование дает основание утверждать, что анализ внутренней формы образованных семантическим способом англоязычных терминов специальности «Автомобильные дороги» позволяет выявить деривационно-ассоциативную связь терминологических единиц с лексикой общенационального языка, послужившей основой для вторичной номинации. Данные лексические единицы в большинстве случаев представляют собой хорошо знакомые студентам слова, обозначающие части тела человека и объекты, находящиеся в его близком окружении : одежду, посуду, инструменты, явления природы, представителей животного мира и т.д. Выводы. Ознакомление студентов дорожно-строительной специальности с внутренней формой изучаемых англоязычных терминов, выявление ассоциативных связей терминологических единиц со знакомыми студентам и широкоупотребительными словами общенационального языка, а также выполнение в аудитории специально разработанных тренировочных упражнений помогают снять трудности усвоения обучающимися терминологической лексики и облегчают ее запоминание. Statement of the problem. The study of the “Foreign Language” subject at a technical university involves students’ learning the terminology in accordance with the chosen specialty. The teaching practice shows that students experience the difficulties associated with memorising terminological units and using them in the speech. Applying the method of teaching the terminology based on the internal form of these lexical units at foreign language classes makes it possible to optimise the process of learning special terms by students. Results. The research that has been carried out gives reason to argue that the analysis of the internal form of the English “Automobile roads” specialty terms created in the semantic way makes it possible to reveal the derivational and associative relations of the terminological units with the national language words which served as the basis for the secondary nomination. In most cases, these lexical units are the words that are well known by the students and indicate the parts of man’s body and the objects that are present in man’s immediate environment: clothing, dishes, tools, phenomena of the nature, representatives of the animal world, etc. Conclusion. Introducing the internal form of the studied English terms to the road construction specialty students, identifying the associative relations of the terminological units with the well known to the students and widely used words of the national language, fulfilling the specially developed training exercises in the classroom help the students to overcome the difficulties of learning the terminology and to facilitate its memorization.

Features of the Harvesting and Logging Equipment Market in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-147
Author(s):  
M.A. Piskunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Service Network ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
The Road ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Transnational Companies

Russian forest sector forms an attractive market for harvesting and logging equipment, however the position of Russian manufacturers is extremely weak. A brief overview of the current state of the market is presented with reference to the open sources. Its features are mentioned as compared to the road construction and agricultural machinery sectors. Three transnational companies dominate the Russian market of harvesting and logging equipment: John Deere, Ponsse and Komatsu. Most of the purchased equipment falls on machines for cut-tolength technology, such as harvester and forwarder. The market volume of new machines is estimated at 330–420 forwarders, 165–300 harvesters, about 30–40 feller bunchers and the same number of skidders. There were two waves in the consolidation of the position of foreign companies in Russia. The first was connected with the delivery of equipment and the development of foreign brands in Russia against the background of still high-profile positions of Russian manufacturers in the market. The second is the takeover of enterprises having a service network and reputation by diversified transnational corporations. The main strategies of the leading companies in the current situation are the export of equipment to Russia and the development of a service network. Companies do not turn to another level associated with the opening of production sites or joint ventures for the production of harvesting and logging machines. The Russian market is characterized by the absence of a strong Russian manufacturer of harvesting and logging machines, which is ready to significantly influence or actively participate in the processes of import substitution. The position of such a manufacturer is gradually occupied by the Belarusian Amkodor Holding. The purchase of new harvesting and logging machines can afford major timber companies. The main production sites of harvesting and logging machines are located in Finland, Sweden, USA, and Canada. In order to support forestry machine engineering, in addition to economic measures of stimulation approved in other sectors, it is proposed: to organize the work of scientific forest engineering centers on the base of public-private partnership with the financial support from the major vertically-integrated timber corporate groups; to stimulate the development of Russian sector-specific information technologies for harvesting and logging; to initiate the partnership with companies from the People’s Republic of China to launch the design and production of new-generation harvesting and logging machines.

scholarly journals An investigation into the cause of road failure along Sagamu-Papalanto highway southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubido Oyem Emmanuel ◽  
Igwe Ogbonnaya ◽  
Ukah Bernadette Uche
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cause Of Failure

AbstractInvestigation into the cause of road failure has been carried out along a 60 km long Sagamu –Papalanto highway southwestern Nigeria. Geochemical, mineralogical, geotechnical and geophysical analyses were conducted to evaluate the cause of failure along the study area. The results of the laboratory tests showed that the percentage amount of fines ranges from 12 to 61.3%, natural moisture content from 6.8 to 19.7%, liquid limit in the range of 25.1–52.2%, linear shrinkage between 3.96 to 12.71%, plastic limit ranges from 18.2–35%, plasticity index ranges from 5.2 to 24.6%, free swell in the range from 5.17–43.9%, maximum dry density ranges from 1.51–1.74 g /cm3, specific gravity ranges from 2.52–2.64 and CBR between 3 and 12%. The Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) shows a resistance value of 20–138 kgf/cm2. The major clay mineral that is predominant in the studied soil is kaolinite. The major oxides present are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO and CaO. The result of the 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging revealed a low resistivity values for profile 2 and 3 ranging from 100 Ωm – 300 Ωm, between a distance of 20 m – 240 m along the profile to a depth of 7.60 m and a low resistivity value ranging from 50 Ωm – 111Ωm, between a distance of 80 m − 120 m along the profile to a depth of 15 m. It was concluded that the low CBR, low MDD and the class of subsoils namely A-26, A-7, A-2-7 (clayey soils) which were identified are responsible for the cause of failure experienced in the study area. These makes the soils unsuitable as road construction materials and hence, there is need for stabilization during the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the road.

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