scholarly journals FeS2/C Nanowires as an Effective Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Electrolytic Water Splitting

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefeng Pan ◽  
Yingying Zhai ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Kai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Activation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
To Receive

Electrolytic water splitting with evolution of both hydrogen (HER) and oxygen (OER) is an attractive way to produce clean energy hydrogen. It is critical to explore effective, but low-cost electrocatalysts for the evolution of oxygen (OER) owing to its sluggish kinetics for practical applications. Fe-based catalysts have advantages over Ni- and Co-based materials because of low costs, abundance of raw materials, and environmental issues. However, their inefficiency as OER catalysts has caused them to receive little attention. Herein, the FeS2/C catalyst with porous nanostructure was synthesized with rational design via the in situ electrochemical activation method, which serves as a good catalytic reaction in the OER process. The FeS2/C catalyst delivers overpotential values of only 291 mV and 338 mV current densities of 10 mA/cm2 and 50 mA/cm2, respectively, after electrochemical activation, and exhibits staying power for 15 h.

scholarly journals Wittichenite semiconductor of Cu3BiS3 films for efficient hydrogen evolution from solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwang Huang ◽  
Lintao Li ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Kuang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Current Densities

AbstractA highly efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly photocathode with long-term stability is the goal of practical solar hydrogen evolution applications. Here, we found that the Cu3BiS3 film-based photocathode meets the abovementioned requirements. The Cu3BiS3-based photocathode presents a remarkable onset potential over 0.9 VRHE with excellent photoelectrochemical current densities (~7 mA/cm2 under 0 VRHE) and appreciable 10-hour long-term stability in neutral water solutions. This high onset potential of the Cu3BiS3-based photocathode directly results in a good unbiased operating photocurrent of ~1.6 mA/cm2 assisted by the BiVO4 photoanode. A tandem device of Cu3BiS3-BiVO4 with an unbiased solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 2.04% is presented. This tandem device also presents high stability over 20 hours. Ultimately, a 5 × 5 cm2 large Cu3BiS3-BiVO4 tandem device module is fabricated for standalone overall solar water splitting with a long-term stability of 60 hours.

scholarly journals N–doped hierarchical porous carbon nanoscrolls towards efficient oxygen reduction reaction in Zn–air batteries via interior and exterior modification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binhong He ◽  
Yangyang Chen ◽  
Da Hu ◽  
Ziyan Wen ◽  
Minjie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbon ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Carbon Nanoscrolls ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices

Rational design of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is essential for promoting the development of clean energy conversion devices. Herein, we report an in–situ sacrificial template strategy combining with external...

scholarly journals Engineering active sites on hierarchical transition bimetal oxides/sulfides heterostructure array enabling robust overall water splitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Panlong Zhai ◽  
Yanxue Zhang ◽  
Yunzhen Wu ◽  
Junfeng Gao ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Large Current ◽  
Electrode Cell ◽  
Large Current Density ◽  
Current Densities

Abstract Rational design of the catalysts is impressive for sustainable energy conversion. However, there is a grand challenge to engineer active sites at the interface. Herein, hierarchical transition bimetal oxides/sulfides heterostructure arrays interacting two-dimensional MoOx/MoS2 nanosheets attached to one-dimensional NiOx/Ni3S2 nanorods were fabricated by oxidation/hydrogenation-induced surface reconfiguration strategy. The NiMoOx/NiMoS heterostructure array exhibits the overpotentials of 38 mV for hydrogen evolution and 186 mV for oxygen evolution at 10 mA cm−2, even surviving at a large current density of 500 mA cm−2 with long-term stability. Due to optimized adsorption energies and accelerated water splitting kinetics by theory calculations, the assembled two-electrode cell delivers the industrially relevant current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 at record low cell voltages of 1.60 and 1.66 V with excellent durability. This research provides a promising avenue to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts by engineering interfacial active sites toward large-scale water splitting.

scholarly journals Graphitic Carbon Nitride Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting: A Short Review

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Jun Mun ◽  
Soo-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Metal Doping ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

The generation of photocatalytic hydrogen via water splitting under light irradiation is attracting much attention as an alternative to solve such problems as global warming and to increase interest in clean energy. However, due to the low efficiency and selectivity of photocatalytic hydrogen production under solar energy, a major challenge persists to improve the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting. In recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a non-metal photocatalyst, has emerged as an attractive material for photocatalytic hydrogen production. However, the fast recombination of photoexcited electron–hole pairs limits the rate of hydrogen evolution and various methods such as modification, heterojunctions with semiconductors, and metal and non-metal doping have been applied to solve this problem. In this review, we cover the rational design of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts achieved using methods such as modification, metal and non-metal doping, and heterojunctions, and we summarize recent achievements in their application as hydrogen production photocatalysts. In addition, future research and prospects of hydrogen-producing photocatalysts are also reviewed.

Electromigration Damage in Conductor Lines: Recent Progress in Microscopic Observation and Mechanistic Modelling

1994 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arzt ◽  
O. Kraft ◽  
U.E. MÖckl
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mechanistic Modelling ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Damage Map ◽  
Shape Changes

ABSTRACTIn this paper an overview of recent developments in understanding electromigration damage mechanisms is given. Based on our detailed studies, both ex-situ and in-situ, of damage in unpassivated near-bamboo lines, we develop a theoretical electromigration damage map. It explains why “slit-like” failure becomes predominant for narrow lines and low current densities. The mechanism of slit formation is discussed in the light of new analytical and numerical simulations of pore shape changes, which take stress effects into account. Possible implications for the rational design of improved metallization alloys are suggested.

Alloy-Strain-Output Induced Lattice Dislocation in Ni3FeN/Ni3Fe Ultrathin Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijian Li ◽  
Haeseong Jang ◽  
Danni Qin ◽  
Xiaoli Jiang ◽  
Xuqiang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lattice Dislocation ◽  
Ultrathin Nanosheets ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Partial Lattice

Designing highly efficient, stable and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts based on in-situ microstructure evolution, especially achieving partial lattice dislocation on highly crystalline texture, to catalyze hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen...

Fabricating Plastic Microfluidic Devices With Photodefinable Microvalves for Protein Separations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl K. Fredrickson ◽  
Champak Das ◽  
Fernando T. Tavares ◽  
Ryan Ferguson ◽  
Zheng Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Separation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Protein Separations ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Separation Media ◽  
Bio Compatibility

This paper describes the results of fabricating plastic microfluidic devices and creating a microvalve array for protein separation. Plastic devices are selected due to low cost of raw materials, bio-compatibility, and disposability. Although the methods for fabricating plastic devices have appeared in literature, reports typically indicate one set of conditions that yield functional devices. We report a systematic study of fabrication process parameters including compression rate, molding temperature, and the compression force used by a hydraulic press. Their effects on the device thickness, channel dimension, and pattern transfer fidelity will be discussed. In addition, we investigated creating an array of pseudo-microvalves using photodefinable, in situ gel polymerization. The valves were developed for introducing two types of separation media for performing two-dimensional protein separation in a microfluidic device. We also demonstrated rapid protein separation using the mechanism for the first dimension, isoelectric focusing.

scholarly journals Rational Design and in-situ Synthesis of Ultra-Thin β-Ni(OH)2 Nanoplates for High Performance All-Solid-State Flexible Supercapacitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shensong Wang ◽  
Changqin Tan ◽  
Linfeng Fei ◽  
Haitao Huang ◽  
Shujun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Compact Size

The all-solid-state flexible supercapacitor (AFSC), one of the most flourishing energy storage devices for portable and wearable electronics, attracts substantial attentions due to their high flexibility, compact size, improved safety, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the current AFSCs usually show low energy density, which extremely hinders their practical applications. Herein, ultra-thin β-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates with thickness of 2.4 ± 0.2 nm are in-situ grown uniformly on Ni foam by one step hydrothermal treatment. Thanks to the ultra-thin nanostructure, β-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates shows a specific capacitance of 1,452 F g−1 at the scan rate of 3 mV s−1. In addition, the assembled asymmetric AFSC [Ni(OH)2//Activated carbon] shows a specific capacitance of 198 F g−1. It is worth noting that the energy density of the AFSC can reach 62 Wh kg−1 while keeping a high power density of 1.5 kW kg−1. Furthermore, the fabricated AFSCs exhibit satisfied fatigue behavior and excellent flexibility, and about 82 and 86% of the capacities were retained after 5,000 cycles and folding over 1,500 times, respectively. Two AFSC in series connection can drive the electronic watch and to run stably for 10 min under the bending conditions, showing a great potential for powering portable and wearable electronic devices.

In situ coupling of CoP with MoO2 for enhanced hydrogen evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 16018-16023
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Shiyu Ren ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Liang-Xin Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Highly Active

The development of highly active and stable catalysts based on low-cost materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial to catalytic water splitting.

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