scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Cellular Automata Simulation of the Austenitizing Process in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3022
Author(s):  
Fuyong Su ◽  
Wenli Liu ◽  
Zhi Wen
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Gcr15 Steel ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Gcr15 Bearing Steel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Simulation Results

On the basis of the two-dimensional cellular automaton model, a three-dimensional cellular automaton model of austenitizing process was established. By considering the orientation of pearlite layer and the direction of austenite grain growth, the velocity of the interface was calculated during the austenitizing process. The austenitizing process of GCr15 steel was simulated, and the anisotropy of grain growth rate during austenitization was demonstrated by simulation results. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental data, it was found that the calculated results of the three-dimensional cellular automaton model established in this paper were in good agreement with the experimental results. By using this model, the three-dimensional austenitizing process of GCr15 steel at different temperatures and under different processing times can be analyzed, and the degree of austenitization can be predicted.

A parallelized three-dimensional cellular automaton model for grain growth during additive manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Lian ◽  
Stephen Lin ◽  
Wentao Yan ◽  
Wing Kam Liu ◽  
Gregory J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model

Effect of Divorced Eutectoid Transformation Temperature on Behaviour of Cementite Growth in GCr15 Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Bo Yang ◽  
Fu Xian Zhu ◽  
Xiang Hua Liu ◽  
Kuai She Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Eutectoid Transformation ◽  
Eutectoid Temperature ◽  
Gcr15 Steel ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Gcr15 Bearing Steel ◽  
Different Temperatures

Cementite spheroidization of GCr15 bearing steel includes granulating and growth of cementite. The effects of divorced eutectoid transformation (DET) temperatures on growth of cementite were studied. It was found that the particles of cementite are fine and uniform when DET occurs at 690～720°С, and alloy elements mostly precipitate at different temperatures during cementite growth of GCr15 bearing steel; Cr and Si mostly precipitate in the eutectoid temperature upper limit, while Mn is in the eutectoid temperature lower limit.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional cellular automaton simulation of coupled hydrogen porosity and microstructure during solidification of ternary aluminum alloys

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Gu ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Colin D. Ridgeway ◽  
Emre Cinkilic ◽  
Alan A. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
First Time

Abstract Hydrogen-induced porosity formed during solidification of aluminum-based alloys has been a major issue adversely affecting the performance of solidification products such as castings, welds or additively manufactured components. A three-dimensional cellular automaton model was developed, for the first time, to predict the formation and evolution of hydrogen porosity coupled with grain growth during solidification of a ternary Al-7wt.%Si-0.3wt.%Mg alloy. The simulation results fully describe the concurrent nucleation and evolution of both alloy grains and hydrogen porosity, yielding the morphology of multiple grains as well as the porosity size and distribution. This model, successfully validated by X-ray micro-tomographic measurements and optical microscopy of a wedge die casting, provides a critical tool for minimizing/controlling porosity formation in solidification products.

Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization of GCr15 Steel Using Cellular Automaton Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu Deng ◽  
Zhou De Qu ◽  
Li Wen Zhang ◽  
Dong Ying Ju
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Gcr15 Steel ◽  
Gcr15 Bearing Steel ◽  
Ca Model

A modified two-dimensional (2-D) cellular automaton (CA) model was constructed to simulate dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process of GCr15 steel. Particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) was incorporated into the CA model to determine the influence of dispersed particles on the nucleation of DRX. In addition, the model included the effects of particles on increasing the dislocation density and pinning the grain boundaries for accurate determination of micro-structural evolution during DRX. The model was applied to simulate the DRX process of GCr15 bearing steel. DRX grain size and volume fraction were simulated using the CA model. The simulated results indicated that the simulated stable grain size of particle-containing model is closer to measured value than particle-free model. It was observed that DRX kinetics depends on both thermo-mechanical parameters and initial grain sizes. The calculated results were compared with the experimental findings in GCr15 bearing steel, the predictions show very good agreement with the experimental results.

A three-dimensional cellular automaton model for dendritic growth in multi-component alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfei Zhang ◽  
Jiuzhou Zhao ◽  
Hongxiang Jiang ◽  
Mingfang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Dendritic Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model

EFFECTS OF RIGHT-TURN VEHICLES ON TRAFFIC FLOW

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250010 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUA-YAN SHANG ◽  
HAI-JUN HUANG ◽  
WEN-XIANG WU
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Right ◽  
Real Traffic

In real traffic, the right-turn vehicles at intersections are not controlled by signal lights and their effects are neglected. In this paper, we develop a cellular automaton model to formulate the complicated turning behaviors of vehicles at intersections. Simulation results are quite in accord with the observation on the Beijing's 4th ring road. It is found that the right-turn vehicles may produce queue near the intersection, a short lane designed for right-turn has prominent effect in improving traffic flow, but, a too long lane for right-turn cannot further decrease the stop ratio as expected. These findings deepen our understanding on the effects of right-turn vehicles and may help the design and management of intersections.

Modeling austenite–ferrite transformation in low carbon steel using the cellular automaton method

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2877-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Lan ◽  
D.Z. Li ◽  
Y.Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Diffusion ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Ferrite Transformation

Austenite–ferrite transformation at different isothermal temperatures in low carbon steel was investigated by a two-dimensional cellular automaton approach, which provides a simple solution for the difficult moving boundary problem that governs the ferrite grain growth. In this paper, a classical model for ferrite nucleation at austenite grain boundaries is adopted, and the kinetics of ferrite grain growth is numerically resolved by coupling carbon diffusion process in austenite and austenite–ferrite (γ–α) interface dynamics. The simulated morphology of ferrite grains shows that the γ–α interface is stable. In this cellular automaton model, the γ–α interface mobility and carbon diffusion rate at austenite grain boundaries are assumed to be higher than those in austenite grain interiors. This has influence on the morphology of ferrite grains. Finally, the modeled ferrite transformation kinetics at different isothermal temperatures is compared with the experiments in the literature and the grid size effects of simulated results are investigated by changing the cell length of cellular automaton model in a set of calculations.

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