scholarly journals Fabrication and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Nanodiamonds-Gelatin Electrospun Materials Designed for Prospective Tissue Regeneration Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Şelaru ◽  
Diana-Maria Drăgușin ◽  
Elena Olăreț ◽  
Andrada Serafim ◽  
Doris Steinmüller-Nethl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Fg Materials ◽  
New Strategies

Due to the reduced ability of most harmed tissues to self-regenerate, new strategies are being developed in order to promote self-repair assisted or not by biomaterials, among these tissue engineering (TE). Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) currently represent a promising tool for tissue reconstruction, due to their low immunogenicity, high differentiation potential to multiple cell types and easy harvesting. Gelatin is a natural biocompatible polymer used for regenerative applications, while nanodiamond particles (NDs) are used as reinforcing nanomaterial that might modulate cell behavior, namely cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. The development of electrospun microfibers loaded with NDs is expected to allow nanomechanical sensing due to local modifications of both nanostructure and stiffness. Two aqueous suspensions with 0.5 and 1% w/v NDs in gelatin from cold water fish skin (FG) were used to generate electrospun meshes. Advanced morpho- and micro-structural characterization revealed homogeneous microfibers. Nanoindentation tests confirmed the reinforcing effect of NDs. Biocompatibility assays showed an increased viability and proliferation profile of hASCs in contact with FG_NDs, correlated with very low cytotoxic effects of the materials. Moreover, hASCs developed an elongated cytoskeleton, suggesting that NDs addition to FG materials encouraged cell adhesion. This study showed the FG_NDs fibrous scaffolds potential for advanced TE applications.

scholarly journals Gene families with stochastic exclusive gene choice underlie cell adhesion in mammalian cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Iakovlev ◽  
Simone Faravelli ◽  
Attila Becskei
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Receptor Isoforms ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Large Repertoire

ABSTRACTExclusive stochastic gene choice combines precision with diversity. This regulation enables most T-cells to express exactly one T-cell receptor isoform chosen from a large repertoire, and to react precisely against diverse antigens. Some cells express two receptor isoforms, revealing the stochastic nature of this process. A similar regulation of odorant receptors and protocadherins enable cells to recognize odors and confer individuality to cells in neuronal interaction networks, respectively. We explored whether genes in other families are expressed exclusively by analyzing single cell RNA-seq data with a simple metric. Chromosomal segments and families are more likely to express genes concurrently than exclusively, possibly due to the evolutionary and biophysical aspects of shared regulation. Nonetheless, gene families with exclusive gene choice were detected in multiple cell types, most of them are membrane proteins involved in ion transport and cell adhesion, suggesting the coordination of these two functions. Thus, stochastic exclusive expression extends beyond the prototypical families, permitting precision in gene choice to be combined with the diversity of intercellular interactions.

scholarly journals Gene Families With Stochastic Exclusive Gene Choice Underlie Cell Adhesion in Mammalian Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Iakovlev ◽  
Simone Faravelli ◽  
Attila Becskei
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Receptor Isoforms ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Large Repertoire

Exclusive stochastic gene choice combines precision with diversity. This regulation enables most T-cells to express exactly one T-cell receptor isoform chosen from a large repertoire, and to react precisely against diverse antigens. Some cells express two receptor isoforms, revealing the stochastic nature of this process. A similar regulation of odorant receptors and protocadherins enable cells to recognize odors and confer individuality to cells in neuronal interaction networks, respectively. We explored whether genes in other families are expressed exclusively by analyzing single-cell RNA-seq data with a simple metric. This metric can detect exclusivity independently of the mean value and the monoallelic nature of gene expression. Chromosomal segments and gene families are more likely to express genes concurrently than exclusively, possibly due to the evolutionary and biophysical aspects of shared regulation. Nonetheless, gene families with exclusive gene choice were detected in multiple cell types, most of them are membrane proteins involved in ion transport and cell adhesion, suggesting the coordination of these two functions. Thus, stochastic exclusive expression extends beyond the prototypical families, permitting precision in gene choice to be combined with the diversity of intercellular interactions.

scholarly journals Surface apposition and multiple cell contacts promote myoblast fusion in Drosophila flight muscles

2015 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Dhanyasi ◽  
Dagan Segal ◽  
Eyal Shimoni ◽  
Vera Shinder ◽  
Ben-Zion Shilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoblast Fusion ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Minimal Distance ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Cell Cell

Fusion of individual myoblasts to form multinucleated myofibers constitutes a widely conserved program for growth of the somatic musculature. We have used electron microscopy methods to study this key form of cell–cell fusion during development of the indirect flight muscles (IFMs) of Drosophila melanogaster. We find that IFM myoblast–myotube fusion proceeds in a stepwise fashion and is governed by apparent cross talk between transmembrane and cytoskeletal elements. Our analysis suggests that cell adhesion is necessary for bringing myoblasts to within a minimal distance from the myotubes. The branched actin polymerization machinery acts subsequently to promote tight apposition between the surfaces of the two cell types and formation of multiple sites of cell–cell contact, giving rise to nascent fusion pores whose expansion establishes full cytoplasmic continuity. Given the conserved features of IFM myogenesis, this sequence of cell interactions and membrane events and the mechanistic significance of cell adhesion elements and the actin-based cytoskeleton are likely to represent general principles of the myoblast fusion process.

scholarly journals The Clinical and Theranostic Values of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM)/CD166 in Human Solid Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5187
Author(s):  
Yiming Yang ◽  
Andrew J. Sanders ◽  
Q. Ping Dou ◽  
David G. Jiang ◽  
Amber Xinyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Primary Focus

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166, is a cell adhesion protein that is found in multiple cell types. ALCAM has multiple and diverse roles in various physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and cancer. There has been compelling evidence of ALCAM’s prognostic value in solid cancers, indicating that it is a potential therapeutic target. The present article overviews the recent findings and progress in ALCAM and its involvement in cancer, with a primary focus on its clinical connections in cancer and therapeutic values.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Regulation of Cell–Cell Adhesions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent M. Bijonowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Spatiotemporal Regulation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Cell Adhesions ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cell Cell

Cell–cell adhesions are fundamental in regulating multicellular behavior and lie at the center of many biological processes from embryoid development to cancer development. Therefore, controlling cell–cell adhesions is fundamental to gaining insight into these phenomena and gaining tools that would help in the bioartificial construction of tissues. For addressing biological questions as well as bottom-up tissue engineering the challenge is to have multiple cell types self-assemble in parallel and organize in a desired pattern from a mixture of different cell types. Ideally, different cell types should be triggered to self-assemble with different stimuli without interfering with the other and different types of cells should sort out in a multicellular mixture into separate clusters. In this chapter, we will summarize the developments in photoregulation cell–cell adhesions using non-neuronal optogenetics. Among the concepts, we will cover is the control of homophylic and heterophilic cell–cell adhesions, the independent control of two different types with blue or red light and the self-sorting of cells into distinct structures and the importance of cell–cell adhesion dynamics. These tools will give an overview of how the spatiotemporal regulation of cell–cell adhesion gives insight into their role and how tissues can be assembled from cells as the basic building block.

Cancer Stem Cell Niche in Colorectal Cancer and Targeted Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 1979-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Guihua Cui ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Meiyan Sun ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Common Malignancy

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are a sub-population of tumor cells found in many human cancers that are endowed with self-renewal and pluripotency. CSCs may be more resistant to conventional anticancer therapies than average cancer cells, as they can easily escape the cytotoxic effects of standard chemotherapy, thereby resulting in tumor relapse. Despite significant progress in related research, effective elimination of CSCs remains an unmet clinical need. CSCs are localized in a specialized microenvironment termed the niche, which plays a pivotal role in cancer multidrug resistance. The niche components of CSCs, such as the extracellular matrix, also physically shelter CSCs from therapeutic agents. Colorectal cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and presents a relatively transparent process of cancer initiation and development, making it an ideal model for CSC niche research. Here, we review recent advances in the field of CSCs using colorectal cancer as an example to illustrate the potential therapeutic value of targeting the CSC niche. These findings not only provide a novel theoretical basis for in-depth discussions on tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis evaluation, but also offer new strategies for the targeted treatment of cancer.

scholarly journals Multiple cell types contribute to the atherosclerotic lesion fibrous cap by PDGFRβ and bioenergetic mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. C. Newman ◽  
Vlad Serbulea ◽  
Richard A. Baylis ◽  
Laura S. Shankman ◽  
Xenia Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fibrous Cap ◽  
Multiple Cell

scholarly journals MyD88 Is Not Required for Muscle Injury-Induced Endochondral Heterotopic Ossification in a Mouse Model of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Huili Lyu ◽  
Cody M. Elkins ◽  
Jessica L. Pierce ◽  
C. Henrique Serezani ◽  
Daniel S. Perrien
Keyword(s):  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Pathway Crosstalk ◽  
Multiple Cell

Excess inflammation and canonical BMP receptor (BMPR) signaling are coinciding hallmarks of the early stages of injury-induced endochondral heterotopic ossification (EHO), especially in the rare genetic disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Multiple inflammatory signaling pathways can synergistically enhance BMP-induced Smad1/5/8 activity in multiple cell types, suggesting the importance of pathway crosstalk in EHO and FOP. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1 receptors mediate many of the earliest injury-induced inflammatory signals largely via MyD88-dependent pathways. Thus, the hypothesis that MyD88-dependent signaling is required for EHO was tested in vitro and in vivo using global or Pdgfrα-conditional deletion of MyD88 in FOP mice. As expected, IL-1β or LPS synergistically increased Activin A (ActA)-induced phosphorylation of Smad 1/5 in fibroadipoprogenitors (FAPs) expressing Alk2R206H. However, conditional deletion of MyD88 in Pdgfrα-positive cells of FOP mice did not significantly alter the amount of muscle injury-induced EHO. Even more surprisingly, injury-induced EHO was not significantly affected by global deletion of MyD88. These studies demonstrate that MyD88-dependent signaling is dispensable for injury-induced EHO in FOP mice.

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