scholarly journals Performance of PATC-PDMDAAC Composite Coagulants in Low-Temperature and Low-Turbidity Water Treatment

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Lina Liao ◽  
Guocheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Titanium Silicate ◽  
Xiangjiang River ◽  
Coagulation Performance ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectrum ◽  
Performance Results

A novel composite was synthesized by using flocculant polyaluminum titanium silicate chloride (PATC) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) monomers to treat low-temperature and low-turbidity water. The structure and physicochemical properties of PATC-PDMDAAC were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersion spectrum (SEM-EDS). The compound flocculant produced new functional groups exhibiting great thermal stability, and the complex chemical reaction between the two monomers generated new substances with reticular structures. Coagulation performance results showed that the PATC-PDMDAAC had an organic and inorganic ratio of 0.15 and exhibited excellent removal efficiency at pH 9.0, dosage of 1.80 mg/L, sedimentation time of 40 min, and a stirring speed of 110 r/min. The optimal treatment efficiency reduced the turbidity to 0.56 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). The removal rates of TOC (Total Organic Carbon) and UV254 (Ultraviolet 254) were 62.18% (from 7.23 mg/L to 2.734 mg/L) and 99.99% (from 10 mg/L to 0.001 mg/L). The 3D fluorescence, zeta potential and kinetic analysis in the flocculation process indicated that coagulant electroneutralization and adsorption bridge in a slightly alkaline environment played a dominant role, and a sufficient and effective collision occurred between the coagulant and particulate matter under the optimal dosage. Lastly, PATC-PDMDAAC has more advantage than conventional flocculants in the treatment of low-temperature and low-turbidity water in the Xiangjiang River.

scholarly journals Alumina Extraction from Coal Fly Ash via Low-Temperature Potassium Bisulfate Calcination

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunbin Guo ◽  
Jingjing Zou ◽  
Shuhua Ma ◽  
Jianlin Yang ◽  
Kehan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Technology Effects ◽  
Best Fit

Owing to the depletion of bauxite and increasing demand for alumina, calcination methods for extracting alumina from coal fly ash (CFA) were developed. However, these methods have disadvantages such as the need for high temperatures and the emission of toxic gases. Hence, in this study, Al2O3 was extracted from CFA via low-temperature potassium bisulfate calcination technology. Effects of the potassium bisulfate amount, calcination temperature, and calcination time on the alumina extraction efficiency were investigated using X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. It was found that this technique could recover alumina efficiently, and potassium bisulfate significantly contributed to the degradation of mullite and corundum phases. Al2O3 in CFA was converted into soluble K3Al(SO4)3. With a KHSO4/Al2O3 molar ratio of 7:1, calcining temperature of 230 °C, and calcining time of 3 h, the alumina extraction efficiency reached a maximum of 92.8%. The Avrami–Erofeev equation showed the best fit with the kinetic data for the low-temperature calcination of CFA with KHSO4. The activation energy was 28.36 kJ/mol.

Low-temperature instability of Ti2SnC: A combined transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and x-ray diffraction investigations

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
B. Liu ◽  
J.Y. Wang ◽  
Y.C. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Temperature Instability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ceramic Microstructure

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations were conducted on the hot-pressed Ti2SnC bulk ceramic. Microstructure features of bulk Ti2SnC ceramic were characterized by using TEM, and a needle-shaped β-Sn precipitation was observed inside Ti2SnC grains with the orientation relationship: (0001) Ti2SnC // (200) Sn and Ti2SnC // [001] Sn. With the combination of DSC and XRD analyses, the precipitation of metallic Sn was demonstrated to be a thermal stress-induced process during the cooling procedure. The reheating temperature, even as low as 400 °C, could trigger the precipitation of Sn from Ti2SnC, which indicated the low-temperature instability of Ti2SnC. A substoichiometry Ti2SnxC formed after depletion of Sn from ternary Ti2SnC phase. Under electron beam irradiation, metallic Sn was observed diffusing back into Ti2SnxC. Furthermore, a new Ti7SnC6 phase with the lattice constants of a = 0.32 and c = 4.1 nm was identified and added in the Ti-Sn-C ternary system.

Study on low temperature toughness and crystallization behavior of polypropylene random copolymer

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Li ◽  
Shuai He ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Dongqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyolefin Elastomer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Temperature Toughness ◽  
Polymorphic Composition

Abstract This research designed a series of novel approaches aiming to tackle a long-standing problem that is the brittleness of polypropylene (PP) random copolymer (PPR) at low temperature. By introducing polyolefin elastomer (POE), the toughness of PPR was improved; talc improved the stiffness of PPR, low density polyethylene (LDPE) or high density PE (HDPE) improved the low temperature toughness of PPR, and annealing treatment also improved the low temperature toughness of PPR significantly. The addition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) increased its stiffness through the formation of cross-linking networks. Also, the crystallization behavior and morphology were investigated in detail. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the adoption of annealing treatment can improve the crystallinity of PPR, while a polarizing microscope revealed that the incorporation of foreign matter can facilitate the crystallization process of the matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests showed an unchanged polymorphic composition of PPR after introducing different additives, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that annealing treatment can enhance interfacial interactions between the matrix and fillers.

Measurement and Analysis on Dynamics Cold Crystallization Parameter of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Sheet by Vibration Force Field

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Xue Mei Qin ◽  
Bao Shan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
High Density ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Physics mechanics properties of polymer materials don’t only depend on their chemical constitution, molecular weight and distribution of molecular weight, but also depend on their agglomerate configuration. The effect of vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets, obtained through vibration plasticating extruder in low temperature, were studied systematically. Crystalline polymer is analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), wide angle X ray diffraction(WAXD). The test result which represents parameters of crystalline structure is helped to judge the outside factors for crystalline structure, such as melting point, crystallinity and heat of fusion by DSC and crystallinity, crystal plane distance and grain size by WAXD, and canning electron microcopy (SEM). The results indicate that the vibration extrudate in low temperature has higher crystallinity, perfect crystallite, and strong inter-spherulite ties.

scholarly journals Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Morphology and Photoluminescence of Eu3+ Doped Zinc Molybdenum Oxide Hydrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-gai Zhai ◽  
Qing-lan Ma ◽  
Long Yang ◽  
Yuan Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molybdenum Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Hydrate ◽  
Rare Earth Doped

Synthesis of shape controlled and rare-earth doped ZnMoO4 nanostructures on a large scale with low costs is a present challenge in nanotechnology. The precursor of Eu3+ doped zinc molybdenum oxide hydrate (Zn5Mo2O11·5H2O) was synthesized at room temperature via the coprecipitation method. The influences of the sintering temperature on the microstructures and photoluminescence (PL) of the precursor were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and PL spectrophotometry. It is found that Eu3+ doped ZnMoO4 nanostructures can be derived by sintering the precursor at a relatively low temperature of about 400°C. Our results have demonstrated that Eu3+ doped ZnMoO4 nanostructures can be cost-effectively derived by sintering the precursor at a relatively low temperature.

Measurement and Analysis on Tensile Strength and Crystallinity of Vibrating Extruded High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Sheet

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Bao Shan Shi ◽  
Xue Mei Qin ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microcopy ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Result Show

By the apparatus of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), The effect of vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets, obtained through vibration plasticating extruder in low temperature, were measured and analysed. The result show that the tensile strength was much improved under the reciprocating axial vibration in low temperature. The phenomenon indicate that the vibration extrudate in low temperature has higher crystallinity, perfect crystallite, and strong inter-spherulite ties, which account for enhancement of the mechanical properties of sheets, compared to conventional static extrusion.

scholarly journals High- and Low-Temperature Properties of Layered Silicate-Modified Bitumens: View from the Nature of Pristine Layered Silicate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3563
Author(s):  
Meng Jia ◽  
Zengping Zhang ◽  
Long Wei ◽  
Jiange Li ◽  
Dongdong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Property ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Temperature Property

Layered silicates, as bitumen modifiers, have received increasing attention. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of layered silicates on bitumen properties. For this study, montmorillonite (MMT), rectorite (REC), organic montmorillonite (OMMT), and organic rectorite (OREC) were selected. The layered structure type of layered silicates was characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscope) and XRD (X-ray diffraction diffractometer). Tests for determining high-temperature properties included viscosity, DSR (dynamic shear rheometer), and TG (thermogravimetry) tests, and studies for determining the low-temperature properties were conducted by BBR (bending beam rheometer) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) tests. Our results show that MMT, REC, OMMT, and OREC were all intercalated structures. OREC had the largest d001 interlayer space, followed by REC, OMMT, and MMT. OREC improved the high-temperature property of virgin bitumen more effectively than OMMT. Meanwhile, REC-modified bitumen exhibited a high-temperature property similar to OMMT-modified bitumen. When compared with REC and OREC, MMT and OMMT were less efficient in reducing the low-temperature properties of virgin bitumen, and OMMT was the least efficient. Therefore, it can be concluded that the nature of pristine layered silicates has a great impact on the high- and low-temperature properties of bitumen. Moreover, organic treatment can simultaneously improve the high- and low-temperature properties of layered silicate-modified bitumens.

Application of Ag-Doped Nano-TiO2 Prepared at Low-Temperature to Multi-Functional Finishing of Cotton Fabric

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1346-1352
Author(s):  
Yi Huang ◽  
Li Ming Wang ◽  
Yong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Resistance Performance ◽  
The Impact

Ag-doped nano-TiO2 sol was prepared at a low temperature and was used to finishing cotton fabrics, and observed the crystal structure and the dispersion of nano-TiO2 on the fabric by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM); Discussed the influence of different amount of silver on antibacterial properties; Studied the impact of different finishing methods on UV resistance performance as well as the degradation of methylene blue and VOC performance. Results showed that Ag-doped nano-TiO2 on the fabric which was finished by steaming method with the sol agent were anatase phase,and its particle size was 20-40 nm, when the molar ratio of tetrabutyl titanate and silver nitrate was 70:1, the Bacteriostatic rate was 99.9%, and fastness to washing was well, UV resistance and degradation of MB and VOC performance had greatly ascended, and less influence on the fabric performance.

Study on Self-Reinforcement of High-Density Polyethylene Extruded with Vibration in Low Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 368-371
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Qin ◽  
Bao Shan Shi ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
High Density ◽  
Axial Vibration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron Microcopy

The effect of vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets, obtained through vibration plasticating extruder in low temperature, were studied systematically. Property Tests show that the tensile strength and the Vika temperature were much improved under the reciprocating axial vibration in low temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry , scanning electron microcopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction were executed to analyze the microstructure of the samples. The results indicate that the vibration extrudate in low temperature has higher crystallinity, perfect crystallite, and new crystal morphology formed , which account for enhancement of the mechanical properties and Vika temperature of sheets, compared to conventional static extrudate.

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