scholarly journals The Joining Behavior of Titanium and Q235 Steel Joined by Cold Metal Transfer Joining Technology

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghuan Chang ◽  
Rui Cao ◽  
Yingjie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Q235 Steel ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Cold Metal

Cold metal transfer process is applied to join titanium and Q235 steel with copper filler metal. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis, micro-hardness tests, and tensile strength test were performed to investigate the joining mechanism and strength of joints. The results show that the stacking order of two base metals affected the joining modes and strength. For top Q235 steel to bottom Ti-TA2 lapped joint, there was no distinct interface reaction layer between the steel base metal and the weld metal; dispersed TiFe2 intermetalics (IMCs) IMCs between the steel base metal and the Ti base metal greatly improved the strength of joint; the tensile force of the joint could reach up to 93% that of steel-steel joint using the same welding parameters. Additionally, the joints were fractured in dimple mode at the steel base metal. For top Ti-TA2 to bottom Q235 steel lapped joint, the increasing volume fraction of Ti-Cu IMCs at the Ti-Cu weld metal interface contributed to the strength of joint degradation. The joints under tensile loading are initiated at the Ti-Cu weld metal interface between the weld metal and Ti base metal, then propagated to weld metal, finally fractured with brittle mode.

Weldability and Distortion of Mg AZ31-to-Galvanized Steel SPOT Plug Welding Joint by Cold Metal Transfer Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cao ◽  
Q. W. Xu ◽  
H. X. Zhu ◽  
G. J. Mao ◽  
Q. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Wire Feed Speed ◽  
Cold Metal

In this study, cold metal transfer (CMT) plug welding of 1 mm thick Mg AZ31 to 1 mm thick hot-dipped galvanized mild steel (i.e., Q235) was studied. Welding tests were performed and the process variables optimized with Mg AZ61 wire and 100% argon shielding gas for a plug weld located in the center of the 25 mm overlap region. It was found that it is feasible to join 1 mm thick Mg AZ31 workpiece to 1 mm thick galvanized mild steel using CMT plug welding. The optimized process variables for CMT plug welding Mg AZ31-to-galvanized mild steel were a wire feed speed of 10.5 m/min, a predrilled hole with a diameter of 8 mm in Mg AZ31 workpiece and a welding time of 0.8 s. CMT plug welded Mg AZ31-to-galvanized mild steel joints were composed of the fusion zone between Mg AZ31 base metal and Mg weld metal, Mg weld metal (i.e., combined base metal, filler wire and Zn coating), and the brazing interface between magnesium weld metal and galvanized mild steel. The brazing interface mainly consisted of Al, Zn, Mg, Si intermetallic compounds and oxides (i.e., Fe3Al, Mg2Si, MgZn, and MgZn2), and magnesium solid solution. The static strength of CMT welded-brazed Mg AZ31-galvanized steel was determined primarily by the strength and area of the brazed interface and thickness of the intermetallic reaction layer.

Dissimilar Metals Welding of CP Titanium to 304 Stainless Steel Using GTAW Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanaporn Thonondaeng ◽  
Kittichai Fakpan ◽  
Krittee Eidhed
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Dissimilar Metals ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Gtaw Process

This study involves V-groove butt welding of CP Titanium to 304 stainless steel by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process without and with buttering layer at the 304 stainless steel base metal. ERCuSn-A and ERNiCu-7 were chosen as a filler metals. Investigations including visual testing (VT), microhardness testing and metallurgical analysis were carried out by means of variable welding parameters. The experimental results showed that using the ERCuSn-A filler metal without and with buttering layer, any surface defect was not observed in the dissimilar metals welded specimen but an underbead crack was found at weld metal adjacent to the Ti/weld metal interface. Using the ERNiCu-7 filler metal without buttering layer, linear porosity was observed at weldment. However, using ERNiCu-7 filler metal with buttering layer, defect-free welded specimen could be achieved. The results of EDS analysis indicated that at Ti/weld metal interface, Ti diffused from the Ti base metal to the weld metal. At 304 stainless steel/weld metal interface, Fe, Ni and Cr diffused from the 304 stainless steel base metal to the weld metal.

Cold Metal Transfer Welding of AA6061 to AA7075: Mechanical Properties and Corrosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilay Çömez ◽  
Hülya Durmuş
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cmt Welding ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
Cold Metal

Cold metal transfer (CMT) welding provides many advantages for welding of dissimilar materials and thin sheets with its superior heat input control mechanism. In this study, AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloys were joined with CMT welding. The effect of welding parameters on hardness, tensile strength, and corrosion rate was investigated. The Tafel extrapolation method was carried out to determine the corrosion rates of AA6061 and AA7075 base metals and AA6061–AA7075 joints. Increasing heat input was found to be detrimental for both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The outcomes showed that CMT welding produces adequate joints of AA6061–AA7075 in terms of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, favorably with welding parameters that provide low heat input.

Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Cold Metal Transfer Spot Joints of AA6061-T6 to Galvanized DP590 Using Edge Plug Welding Mode

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Lei ◽  
Yongbing Li ◽  
Blair E. Carlson ◽  
Zhongqin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Weld Nugget ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Cold Metal

Dissimilar joining of aluminum to steel poses a challenge for arc welding. In this study, aluminum AA6061-T6 and hot dipped galvanized DP590 steel were joined using the Fronius cold metal transfer (CMT) welding process applying an edge plug welding mode (EPW). The correlation of the welding parameters, weld characteristics, and weld strength was systematically investigated. It was found that the EPW mode created a zinc-rich zone at the weld root along the Al–steel faying interface which transitioned to a continuous and compact intermetallic compounds (IMC) layer in the middle portion of the joint. The fracture propagation in lap-shear specimens was affected by this increase of IMC layer thickness. At a wire feed speed (wfs) of 5.6 m/min, the fracture initiated along the zinc-rich layer at the faying interface and then, upon meeting the compact IMC layer, propagated into the aluminum weld nugget. Propagation followed a path within the weld nugget along the boundary between columnar and equiaxed grains leading to weld nugget pullout upon fracture. For IMC layer peak thicknesses below 10 μm, the strength increased as a function of weld nugget diameter. However, larger heat inputs resulted in IMC layer thicknesses greater than 10 μm and interfacial fracture.

Cold Metal Transfer Welding of Aluminum 5456 Thin Sheets

2014 ◽  
Vol 1029 ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionuţ Claudiu Roată ◽  
Alexandru Pascu ◽  
Elena Manuela Stanciu ◽  
Mihai Alin Pop
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Weld Bead Geometry ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal

This study aims to determine the optimal parameters for cold metal transfer MIG welding of aluminum thin sheets. Starting from this perspective, the filler material of Al5Mg full wire type and a synergic regime of welding with a low linear energy were used. The characterization of welded joints was achieved by macro – microscopic analyses, mechanical tests (microhardness and tensile) aiming to lower the thermo - mechanically affected zone. The results highlight the major influence of the welding parameters over the weld bead geometry and tensile behaviour of the joint.

Effect of path strategy on residual stress and distortion in laser and cold metal transfer hybrid additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 102203
Author(s):  
Runsheng Li ◽  
Guilan Wang ◽  
Xushan Zhao ◽  
Fusheng Dai ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal
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