scholarly journals Evaluation of Predation Capability of Periodontopathogens Bacteria by Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus HD100. An in Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Patini ◽  
Paola Cattani ◽  
Simona Marchetti ◽  
Gaetano Isola ◽  
Gianluca Quaranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Prey Cell ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Predatory Bacteria ◽  
Predatory Capacity

Treatment options against periodontitis attempt to completely remove oral microbiota even if several species in dental plaque demonstrate protective features. Predatory bacteria that selectively predate solely on Gram-negative bacteria might be a viable therapeutic alternative. Therefore, the aim of this study is to in vitro evaluate the susceptibility of some oral pathogens to predation by B. bacteriovorus HD100 in liquid suspension. Cultures of prey cell were prepared in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) broth incubating overnight at the appropriate conditions for each organism to reach log phase of growth. Predatory activity was assessed by measuring optical density at 600 nm after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study demonstrated that B. bacteriovorus is able to predate on aerobic species and on microaerophilic ones (p < 0.05) but also that its predatory capacity is strongly compromised by the conditions of anaerobiosis. B. bacteriovorus, in fact, was unable to predate the anaerobic species involved in the present study (F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis). The findings of the study suggest that B. bacteriovorus is able to tolerate microaerophilic conditions and that in anaerobiosis it cannot exert its predatory capacity. Such evidence could lead to its use as an agent to prevent recolonization of the periodontal pocket following therapy. Further studies are needed to investigate the activity of B. bacteriovorus against recently recognized periodontopathogens, alone or organized in biofilms of multi-species communities.

An In Vitro Analysis of Sodium Hypochlorite Decontamination for the Reuse of Implant Healing Abutments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Almehmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Implant Dentistry ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Abstract The re-use of healing abutments (HAs) has become common practice in implant dentistry for economic concerns and the aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in decontamination of HAs. 122 HAs (Used and sterilized n=107; New n=15) were procured from 3 centers, of which 3 samples were discarded due to perforation in sterilization pouch.  For sterility assessment, the used HAs (n=80) were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), bacterial isolates were identified in 7 samples. Also, 24 used HAs were stained with Phloxine B, photographed and compared to new HAs (n=5). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) assessed the differences between the two sets of HAs, following which the 7 contaminated HAs along with 24 used HAs from staining experiment (Total=31) were subsequently treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SEM images were observed. About 8.75% of HAs tested positive in bacterial culture; Streptococcus sanguis, Dermabacter hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Aspergillus species were isolated. Phloxine B staining was positive for used and sterilized HAs when compared to controls. The SEM images revealed deposits in the used HAs and although treatment with NaOCl eliminated the contamination of cultured HAs, the SEM showed visible debris in the HA thread region. This in-vitro study concluded that SEM images showed debris in used HAs at screw-hole and thread regions even though they tested negative in bacterial culture. The treatment with NaOCl of used HAs showed no bacterial contamination but the debris was observed in SEM images. Future studies on the chemical composition, biological implications, and clinical influence is warranted before considering the reuse of HAs.

scholarly journals Posaconazole-Induced Hypertension and Hypokalemia: Mechanistic Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S76-S76
Author(s):  
George R Thompson ◽  
Diana Chang ◽  
Rebecca Wittenberg ◽  
Ian Mchardy ◽  
Alison Semrad
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown the new posaconazole delayed-release tablets have superior bioavailability compared with the liquid suspension formulation. As higher serum posaconazole concentrations have been associated with improved clinical responses, this formulation has been a welcome addition to available treatment options. However, higher serum and tissue levels are likely to reveal previously undescribed toxicity as adverse events attributed to “off-target” effects are observed. Methods We prospectively identified two patients with new onset hypertension, hypokalemia, and alkalosis after starting posaconazole tablets. Patient vital signs and laboratory values were within normal limits prior to starting posaconazole; however, following over 30 days of therapy both patients became newly hypertensive (mean systolic BP increase 59 mmHg). Serum posaconazole levels were 4.3–4.6 μg/ml. Complete suppression of renin and aldosterone, with increased 11-deoxycortisol, estradiol levels, and cortisol/cortisone ratios were observed in both patients. The TTKG in both patients was inappropriately elevated. Results Posaconazole-induced disruption of the steroid biosynthesis pathway in patients has not previously been described, but has been suggested by in vitro studies. Our patients’ laboratory results show clinically significant inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme type 2 isoform (11β-HSD2) as evidenced by: the elevated 11-deoxycortisol (with subsequent suppression of renin and aldosterone), the highly elevated cortisol/cortisone ratio, and the inappropriately elevated TTKG in the setting of hypokalemia. The normal deoxycorticosterone confirms normal function of 11β-hydroxylase and the observed effects in our patients are thus downstream from this enzyme. Conclusion Our findings support in vitro predictions and highlight the clinical sequelae of posaconazole-mediated inhibition of 11β-HSD2. Additional studies are necessary to determine the frequency of posaconazole induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome and whether other azole antifungals can be associated with this phenomenon. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF GARLIC AND PROPOLIS EXTRACTS AGAINST CANDIDAALBICANS WITH AMPHOTERICIN-B AS CONTROL - AN IN-VITRO STUDY.

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Annaji Sreedhar ◽  
Haritha T. V ◽  
Radhika. B* ◽  
Sreedevi Keeneri ◽  
Amit Walvekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Periodontitis Patient ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Introduction: -Oral candidiasis is an infection of oral cavity caused by an over growth of candida species. The proportions of yeast in the periodontal pockets are similar to some of periodontal bacteria, thus suggesting the possible role of Candida species in pathogenesis of periodontal pocket. The plant extract such as garlic and propolis, contain bioactive components which act against these organisms with no or less side effects than by the conventional antibiotics. Objectives: - To evaluate the efficacy of garlic and propolis extracts against candida albicans and compare it with Amphotericin-B as control at 3 different concentrations Methodology: - Subgingival plaque samples were collected and selectively cultivated for candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of propolis and garlic was assessed and compared with Amphotericin-B. Conclusion: Garlic extract can be used as a potent agent in the eradication of candida albicans in chronic periodontitis patient.

scholarly journals Incidence and Pattern of Bacterial Growth in Propofol Vial - An In vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 051-056
Author(s):  
U. S. Raveendra ◽  
Rashmi Soori ◽  
Vimal Kumar Karnekar ◽  
Swathi N. Nayak ◽  
Anand Bangera
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Febrile Episodes

Abstract Introduction- Propofol vials are often used in parts or are opened and left unattended. This has lead to blood stream infections, surgical site infections and acute febrile episodes. A prospective observational study was undertaken to know the incidence and pattern of bacterial growth in samples of Propofol in tropical climate. Materials and methods- Samples were collected from vials of propofol of different brands, both with and without edetate at different time intervals with relation to room temperature. Each sample of 1ml were inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and incubated for 48hours. Presence of bacterial growth and their pattern were studied. Statistical analysis used- Paired t test for categorical variables and for non categorical variables Levine's test and Pearson correlation. Results- Overall 42.26% of samples showed bacterial growth. The incidence was more in samples of propofol without edetate (43.75%) compared to samples with edetate (41.97 %). Most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus species, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus citrus. Conclusion- Propofol vial once opened favours bacterial colonisation and growth. Adding edetate to propofol has not shown much benefit in decreasing the incidence.

scholarly journals Microbial Adhesion on Different Bracket Types in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janvan Gastel ◽  
Marc Quirynen ◽  
Wim Teughels ◽  
Martine Pauwels ◽  
Wim Coucke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Microbial Adhesion ◽  
Type D ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Pigmented Bacteria

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are differences in total bacterial counts and capacity for biofilm formation between seven different bracket types. Material and Methods: By means of an in vitro experiment, seven commercially available bracket systems (Damon [A], Clarity [B], Mystique [C], Speed [D], Victory MBT [E], Micro-loc [F], and Generus [G]) were compared. A total of 25 premolar brackets of each bracket system were incubated in brain heart infusion medium containing the saliva and bacteria of two orthodontic patients. After 72 hours, the amounts of aerobe and anaerobe bacteria were determined by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). The CFU ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) also was calculated, and the black pigmented bacteria were analyzed. Results: Significant differences between the different bracket types in terms of biofilm formation were found. Bracket types can be arbitrarily divided into low, intermediate, and high plaque-retaining brackets. The group with low adhesion consists of bracket types E, F, and G; the group with high adhesion of bracket types A, B, and C; and type D exhibits intermediate adhesion. The group with high microbial adhesion (A, B, and C) did present significantly lower CFU ratios (aerobe/anaerobe) than were exhibited by the other bracket systems (P &lt; .05). Conclusion: The hypothesis is accepted. Orthodontic brackets serve as different loci for biofilm formation; in this in vitro study, significant differences were noted between the different types of brackets.

scholarly journals Rabies Prophylactic and Treatment Options: An In Vitro Study of siRNA- and Aptamer-Based Therapeutics

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Terence Peter Scott ◽  
Louis Hendrik Nel
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Effective Prophylaxis

If the goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030 is to be achieved, effective mass dog vaccination needs to be complemented by effective prophylaxis for individuals exposed to rabies. Aptamers and short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been successful in therapeutics, but few studies have investigated their potential as rabies therapeutics. In this study, siRNAs and aptamers—using a novel selection method—were developed and tested against rabies virus (RABV) in a post-infection (p.i.) scenario. Multiple means of delivery were tested for siRNAs, including the use of Lipofectamine and conjugation with the developed aptamers. One siRNA (N53) resulted in an 80.13% reduction in viral RNA, while aptamer UPRET 2.03 demonstrated a 61.3% reduction when used alone at 2 h p.i. At 24 h p.i., chimera UPRET 2.03-N8 (aptamer-siRNA) resulted in a 36.5% inhibition of viral replication. To our knowledge, this is the first study using siRNAs or aptamers that (1) demonstrated significant inhibition of RABV using an aptamer, (2) tested Lipofectamine RNAi-Max as a means for delivery, and (3) produced significant RABV inhibition at 24 h p.i. This study serves as a proof-of-concept to potentially use aptamers and siRNAs as rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) replacements or therapeutic options for RABV and provides strong evidence towards their further investigation.

In vitro study on immune response modifiers as novel medical treatment options for cholesteatoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 110743
Author(s):  
Tankut Uzun ◽  
Hamdi Çaklı ◽  
Didem Turgut Coşan ◽  
Şaziye Armağan İncesulu ◽  
Ercan Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

scholarly journals IN VITRO STUDY OF AYURVEDIC CONDITIONER W.S.R. TO ANTIDANDRUFF ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4748-4752
Author(s):  
Jain Vatsala ◽  
Rao K. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Research Work ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Herbal Preparation ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Objective: Dandruff is the unusually high shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp. It is a common scalp disorder affecting almost half of the post pubertal population. In the market many treatment options are available but herbal preparation is the best option to treat dandruff. Thus, in the present research work Ayurvedic conditioner prepared with plant extract (decoction) was studied to evaluate antidandruff activity against Staphyllococus aureus & Candida albicans. Method In vitro study was conducted to evaluate the antidandruff effect of Ayurvedic conditioner against S. aureus & C. albicans. The evaluation done by adopting Kirby-Bauer Agar Well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was compared with the standard references. Result Study revealed that Ayurvedic conditioner was susceptible for the same microbes in less concentration. Conclusion Ayurvedic conditioner was found to be the most effective formulation against dandruff causing factors; s.aureus and c.albicans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Two Root Canal Filling Pastes in Deciduous Teeth: an in Vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Andréia Bolzan de Paula ◽  
Janaina De Cássia Orlandi Sardi ◽  
Mariana Minatel ◽  
Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

<p>Endodontic treatment in deciduous teeth is very important so that we can preserve the primary dentition and thus promote appropriate craniofacial development. However, the use of filling pastes that have some important biological properties for the preservation of the tooth is required. The objective this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of two root canal filling pastes in deciduous teeth, Vitapex® and Calcipex®, on microbial species commonly found in endodontic infections (Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), using the agar diffusion test. The experiment was carried out on BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) plates in four equidistant points, which were immediately filled with the sealers Vitapex® and Calcipex®. The<br />chlorhexidine gluconate 1% (CHX) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After incubation of plates at 37 °C for 24 h, the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around the wells was measured (in millimeters) with a digital caliper with reflected light. The test was performed in triplicate and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Both pastes had antimicrobial activity, but Calcipex® was more efficient for most strains. The halo formed in the experiments with S. mutans and S. sanguinis was similar for both pastes. This study suggests that Calcipex® had the highest antimicrobial property with respect to the microorganisms studied.</p>

scholarly journals Contaminação microbiológica de fios retratores: um estudo in vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Marina Lucia Cumerlato ◽  
Darlene Ribeiro dos Santos Gerzson ◽  
Edison Maciel Nunes De Souza Filho ◽  
Everton Ribeiro Dos Santos ◽  
Marina Lucia Cumerlato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

OBJECTIVE: Dental care has been particularly concerned with sterilization of instruments and materials. In this context, the methods used for infection control are essential to ensure patients’ safety. This in vitro study aimed to test gingival retraction cords taken from factory- sealed containers for the presence of contamination. Three commercial brands of retraction cords were analyzed: Retraflex®, Pró-Retract®, and Ultrapack®.METHODS: The sample consisted of 10 1-cm segments of retraction cords of each commercial brand (n = 30). For bacterial growth analysis, 30 test tubes containing sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) as the culture medium were used. Bacterial growth was considered positive in tubes in which the BHI broth became turbid.RESULTS: Of 30 test tubes with retraction cords, six showed turbidity  and were considered contaminated: three tubes with Retraflex®, one tube with Pro-Retract®, and two tubes with Ultrapack®, accounting for 20% of the total sample.CONCLUSIONS: The present findings showed that some retraction cords received from the manufacturers were contaminated with microorganisms. Thus, extra caution should be taken when using these materials, and further studies should be conducted.

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