scholarly journals Surface Quality of 3D-Printed Models as a Function of Various Printing Parameters

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Arnold ◽  
Delf Monsees ◽  
Jeremias Hey ◽  
Ramona Schweyen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Data Record ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Required Quality

Although 3D-printing is common in dentistry, the technique does not produce the required quality for all target applications. Resin type, printing resolution, positioning, alignment, target structure, and the type and number of support structures may influence the surface roughness of printed objects, and this study investigates the effects of these variables. A stereolithographic data record was generated from a master model. Twelve printing processes were executed with a stereolithography Desktop 3D Printer, including models aligned across and parallel to the printer front as well as solid and hollow models. Three layer thicknesses were used, and in half of all processes, the models were inclined at 15°. For comparison, eight gypsum models and milled polyurethane models were manufactured. The mean roughness index of each model was determined with a perthometer. Surface roughness values were approximately 0.65 µm (master), 0.87–4.44 µm (printed), 2.32–2.57 µm (milled), 1.72–1.86 µm (cast plaster/alginate casting), and 0.98–1.03 µm (cast plaster/polyether casting). The layer height and type and number of support structures influenced the surface roughness of printed models (p ≤ 0.05), but positioning, structure, and alignment did not.

An experimental investigation of surface roughness in 3D-printed PLA items using design of experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012110593
Author(s):  
Nikolaos A Fountas ◽  
Konstantinos Kitsakis ◽  
Kyriaki-Evangelia Aslani ◽  
John D Kechagias ◽  
Nikolaos M Vaxevanidis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Taguchi’S Design Of Experiments ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Dominant Parameter

This work investigates the effect of 3D-printing parameters on surface roughness in polylactic acid printed material by adopting Taguchi's design of experiments approach. The control parameters under study were: number of shells, printing temperature, infill rate, and printing pattern. As the response, mean surface roughness (Ra) was selected. The control parameters were assigned to an L9 orthogonal array to organize the experiments and obtain the mean surface roughness results. It is concluded that printing temperature is the dominant parameter that affects surface roughness when it comes to 3D printing of polylactic acid material followed by printing pattern, infill rate, and the number of shells.

scholarly journals The Impact of Slicing Softwares on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Stl File ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Intersection Curves ◽  
The Impact

“Slicing tool” or “Slicing Software” computes the intersection curves of models and slicing planes. They improve the quality of the model being printed when given in the form of STL file. Upon analyzing a specimen that has been printed using two different slicing tools, there was a drastic variation on account of the mechanical properties of the specimen. The ultimate tensile strength and the surface roughness of the material vary from one tool to another. This paper reports an investigation and analysis of the variation in the ultimate tensile strength and the surface roughness of the specimen, given that the 3D printer and the model being printed is the same, with a variation of usage of slicing software. This analysis includes ReplicatorG, Flashprint as the two different slicing tools that are used for slicing of the model. The variation in the ultimate tensile strength and the surface roughness are measured and represented statistically through graphs. An appropriate decisive conclusion was drawn on the basis of the observations and analysis of the experiment on relevance to the behavior and mechanical properties of the specimen.

scholarly journals Printability of 3D Printed Hydrogel Scaffolds: Influence of Hydrogel Composition and Printing Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Naghieh ◽  
MD Sarker ◽  
N. K. Sharma ◽  
Zohra Barhoumi ◽  
Xiongbiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Alginate Hydrogel ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Printing Parameters

Extrusion-based bioprinting of hydrogel scaffolds is challenging due to printing-related issues, such as the lack of capability to precisely print or deposit hydrogels onto three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds as designed. Printability is an index to measure the difference between the designed and fabricated scaffold in the printing process, which, however, is still under-explored. While studies have been reported on printing hydrogel scaffolds from one or more hydrogels, there is limited knowledge on the printability of hydrogels and their printing processes. This paper presented our study on the printability of 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds, with a focus on identifying the influence of hydrogel composition and printing parameters/conditions on printability. Using the hydrogels synthesized from pure alginate or alginate with gelatin and methyl-cellulose, we examined their flow behavior and mechanical properties, as well as their influence on printability. To characterize the printability, we examined the pore size, strand diameter, and other dimensions of the printed scaffolds. We then evaluated the printability in terms of pore/strand/angular/printability and irregularity. Our results revealed that the printability could be affected by a number of factors and among them, the most important were those related to the hydrogel composition and printing parameters. This study also presented a framework to evaluate alginate hydrogel printability in a systematic manner, which can be adopted and used in the studies of other hydrogels for bioprinting.

THE APPLICATION OF WELD-BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING STEEL TO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittoria Laghi ◽  
Michele Palermo ◽  
Giada Gasparini ◽  
Stefano Silvestri ◽  
Tomaso Trombetti
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Printing Parameters

The present work aims at providing the first considerations upon the application of innovative manufacturing technology for civil engineering purposes. In particular, among the 3D printing processes currently available, Weld-Based Additive Manufacturing (WAM) results to be the most suitable technique for the realization of innovative structural forms in metal material. The great potential of taking the printing head "out of the box" allows for the construction of innovative shapes by adding layer upon layer of welded steel. In particular, the study is focused on the realization of the first 3D-printed steel footbridge by a Dutch company held in Amsterdam, called MX3D, and its Additive manufacturing process, which results in specific constraints and limitations to be taken into account for design purposes. First, the design issues are described, by considering the printing parameters to be adopted for the realization of large-dimensions structures, and then the implications in terms of specific geometrical and mechanical characteristics are studied. These first engineering evaluations are intended to pave the way towards the development of a ground-breaking technology for the fully-automated design and construction of novel 3D-printed building structures through innovative robotic manufacturing processes whose parameters are still not fully known

Investigation of influence of printing parameters on the quality of 3D printed composite structures

2022 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 115061
Author(s):  
Marius Rimašauskas ◽  
Elena Jasiūnienė ◽  
Tomas Kuncius ◽  
Rūta Rimašauskienė ◽  
Vaidotas Cicėnas
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Parameters

scholarly journals Enhanced Solubility of the Support in an FDM-Based 3D Printed Structure Using Hydrogen Peroxide under Ultrasonication

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Je Park ◽  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
Jean Ho Park ◽  
Nak Kyu Lee ◽  
Min-Young Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Enhanced Solubility ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Water Hydrogen

Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the archetypal 3D printing processes, typically requires support structures matched to printed model parts that principally have undercut or overhung features. Thus, the support removal is an essential postprocessing step after the FDM process. Here, we present an efficient and rapid method to remove the support part of an FDM-manufactured product using the phenomenon of oxidative degradation of hydrogen peroxide. This mechanism was significantly effective on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which has been widely used as a support material in the FDM process. Compared to water, hydrogen peroxide provided a two times faster dissolution rate of the PVA material. This could be increased another two times by applying ultrasonication to the solvent. In addition to the rapidness, we confirmed that amount of the support residues removed was enhanced, which was essentially caused by the surface roughness of the FDM-fabricated part. Furthermore, we demonstrated that there was no deterioration with respect to the mechanical properties or shape geometries of the obtained 3D printed parts. Taken together, these results are expected to help enhance the productivity of FDM by reducing the postprocessing time and to allow the removal of complicated and fine support structures, thereby improving the design capability of the FDM technique.

scholarly journals Forensic Facial Reconstruction Using 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-257
Author(s):  
Nicoleta-Violeta Stanciu ◽  
Razvan-Tudor Rosculet ◽  
Catalin Fetecau ◽  
Costel Tapu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Capillary Rheometry ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Skull Model ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Parameters

The paper presents the application of 3D printing in the forensic field in order to perform facial reconstruction on a 3D printed replica of the victim�s skull. Firstly, imagine data from a computed tomography of a skull was converted into a 3D model. Then, the 3D skull model was sliced and printed in different positions in order to optimize the 3D printing configuration. Since the quality of the 3D printing process depends on the thermal and rheological properties of the 3D printing filaments, the rheological behavior of the ABS was investigated using melt flow rate and capillary rheometry. Lastly, an accurate skull replica was achieved using the optimal printing parameters. The 3D printed skull was used to perform the facial reconstruction of the victim by the forensic team. Based on the results of the present research, the 3D printing technology is a feasible solution to obtain anatomically accurate skull replicas.

Paper 18: Graphical Method for Statistical Assessment of Surface Roughness Comparison Specimens

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (11) ◽  
pp. 368-396
Author(s):  
O. A. Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Probability Paper ◽  
The Mean

To judge the quality of surface roughness specimens two criteria are particularly important: the deviation of the mean value from the nominal value, and the scatter within the specimens. These criteria may be read very easily, and without any mathematical expedients, from graphs on probability paper. The practical use of probability paper is explained. From the evaluation of the results it is seen that the behaviour of certain instruments is such that the influence of instrument cut-off is contradictory to the theory and the opposite of the behaviour of other instruments. An attempt is made to explain this phenomenon, and an extension to the relevant standards is proposed which would ensure that all instruments conforming to the same standard would also yield the same results. Finally, possible methods are mentioned which would enable instruments to be checked in these respects, in order to ascertain whether they possess the required characteristics.

Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Porcelain: Feasible Regions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Bhardwaj ◽  
Negar Kalantar ◽  
Elmer Molina ◽  
Na Zou ◽  
Zhijian Pei
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Part Quality ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Ceramic Clay

Abstract 3D printing processes have found several applications in automobile, aerospace, and biomedical industries. Recent development of large-scale 3D printing processes has fueled applications in the construction industry. Materials such as ceramic clay (porcelain) can now be used in additive manufacturing (AM). However, information regarding the effect of process parameters on part quality is limited. There is a need to study the effects of various parameters on the successful printing of samples for the construction industry. This paper presents an experimental study to determine the feasible parameter regions for extrusion-based 3D printing of porcelain using a Delta WASP 2040 Clay printer. The printing parameters studied are extruder height, layer thickness, print speed and air pressure. The effects of these parameters on the surface quality of the printed samples are examined. The identified feasible parameter regions from this study would provide preliminary insights on material extrusion-based 3D printing of porcelain.

A study on the surface quality of the 3D printed parts caused by the scanning strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitai Han ◽  
Yanan Ge ◽  
Yuxin Mao ◽  
Meiping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Scanning Strategy ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Side Face ◽  
Zigzag Shape ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to mainly focus on the relationship between the scanning strategy and surface quality. Surface quality, including surface roughness and flatness, is important for printed parts. So this paper optimizes the surface quality by changing the scanning strategy. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the phenomenon after the printed parts. A clear trend can be seen that the surface roughness on the side face shows a clear zigzag shape, so an optimized scanning strategy is used. Surface roughness in measured in macrostructure first by Mitutoyo and the flatness is measured by Hexagon Metrocogy. After that, microstructure on the side face is seen by RTEC to explain this phenomenon. Findings The surface quality on the side face shows a significant optimize by changing the scanning strategy. The surface quality on the positive face has some optimization to some degree. Originality/value This paper determines the relationship between the surface roughness on the side face and the scanning strategy. Few studies focus on the surface roughness, especially on the side face. Some studies try to optimize the surface roughness on the positive face. However, researchers always neglect the surface roughness on the side face. 2. This paper measures not only the surface roughness, but also the flatness. Surface roughness has a significant impact on the surface quality. However, it still has some limitations. Flatness is also measured to make this paper more representative. 3. This paper explains why scanning strategy can affect the surface quality. These images explain the research better and not just at the theoretical level.

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