scholarly journals Effect of the Nano-Ca(OH)2 Addition on the Portland Clinker Cooking Efficiency

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Azzurra Zucchini ◽  
Paola Comodi ◽  
Alessandro Di Michele ◽  
Riccardo Vivani ◽  
Lucia Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Lime Concentration ◽  
Clinker Production

A new technology was tested to improve the cooking efficiency of the raw mixture for Portland clinker production by the use of nano-Ca(OH)2. A decrease in the free lime concentration after the firing of approximately 35% and 55% in the nano-added clinkers burned at 1350 °C and 1450 °C, respectively, with respect to the standard Portland clinkers was observed. Moreover, in the nano-added clinkers, a slight decrease in alite (C3S), of approximately 2–4 wt%, and increase in belite (C2S), of approximately 5–6 wt%, were observed. Despite these variations, the C2S and C3S abundance lies within the ranges for standard Portland clinkers. The results showed that the nano-addition leads to an increase of the raw mixtures’ cooking efficiency. The relatively low energy required for the clinker firing could be used to increase the plant productivity and decrease the CO2 emissions during clinker burning. The decrease of the work index of the clinkers produced by the use of the nano-Ca(OH)2 also contributes to the energy saving during clinker grinding. Differences were also found in the pore size distribution among nano-added clinkers and the standard Portland clinker. The smallest porosities with the modal volume lying in the class of 3 × 10−6 mm3 were found to increase by the use of nano-Ca(OH)2. However, the pore volumes higher than 2.0 × 10−5 mm3 decreased in the nano-added clinkers.

Macroporous Thermosets via Chemically Induced Phase Separation

1996 ◽  
Vol 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kiefer ◽  
R. Porouchani ◽  
D. Mendels ◽  
J. B. Ferrer ◽  
C. Fond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Chemically Induced

AbstractWe have explored a new technology based on chemically induced phase separation that yields porous epoxies and cyanurates with a closed cell morphology and micrometer sized pores with a narrow pore size distribution. When the precursor monomers are cured in the presence of a low molecular weight liquid, the desired morphology results from a phase separation and a chemical quench. After phase separation, the porosity is achieved by thermal removal of the secondary liquid phase, specifically by diffusion through the crosslinked matrix. In respect to the thermodynamics and kinetics, the origin of the phase separation process can be identified as nucleation and growth. The influence of internal and external reaction parameters, such as chemical nature of the low molecular weight liquid, its concentration and the curing temperature on the final morphology are presented. Thus, the morphology can be controlled ranging from a monomodal to bimodal pore size distribution with pore sizes inbetween 1 to 10 μm. These porous thermosets are characterized by a significantly lower density, without any loss in thermal stability compared to the neat matrix. Such new materials demonstrate great interest for lowering the dielectric constant and for improving the fundamental understanding of the role of voids in stress relaxation and toughening.

pyGAPS: A Python-Based Framework for Adsorption Isotherm Processing and Material Characterisation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Iacomi ◽  
Philip L. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Material Characterisation ◽  
Mixture Adsorption ◽  
Surface Energetics ◽  
Adsorption Processing ◽  
User Friendly

Material characterisation through adsorption is a widely-used laboratory technique. The isotherms obtained through volumetric or gravimetric experiments impart insight through their features but can also be analysed to determine material characteristics such as specific surface area, pore size distribution, surface energetics, or used for predicting mixture adsorption. The pyGAPS (python General Adsorption Processing Suite) framework was developed to address the need for high-throughput processing of such adsorption data, independent of the origin, while also being capable of presenting individual results in a user-friendly manner. It contains many common characterisation methods such as: BET and Langmuir surface area, t and α plots, pore size distribution calculations (BJH, Dollimore-Heal, Horvath-Kawazoe, DFT/NLDFT kernel fitting), isosteric heat calculations, IAST calculations, isotherm modelling and more, as well as the ability to import and store data from Excel, CSV, JSON and sqlite databases. In this work, a description of the capabilities of pyGAPS is presented. The code is then be used in two case studies: a routine characterisation of a UiO-66(Zr) sample and in the processing of an adsorption dataset of a commercial carbon (Takeda 5A) for applications in gas separation.

scholarly journals Air filtration improvement of konjac glucomannan-based aerogel air filters through physical structure design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Qian ◽  
Ying Fang ◽  
Kao Wu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Purification Time

Abstract This study presents two methods to improve the air filtration performance of konjac glucomannan (KGM)-based aerogel air filters through physical structure design by changing the pore-size distribution and the surface area, using an air purifier. Results indicated that KGM-based aerogels had a comparable filtration effect with the commercial air filter with a longer purification time. This purification time could be shortened by over 50%, by changing the pore-size distribution from large size to small size or increase the surface area with the fold structure. This should boost the development of polysaccharide-based aerogel used as the air filter.

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