scholarly journals Semisolid State Sintering Behavior of Aluminum–Stainless Steel 316L Composite Materials by Powder Metallurgy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangjae Park ◽  
Dasom Kim ◽  
Kyungju Kim ◽  
Seungchan Cho ◽  
Kenta Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Semisolid State ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
X Ray

Aluminum (Al)-stainless steel 316L (SUS316L) composites were successfully fabricated by the spark plasma sintering process (SPS) using pure Al and SUS316L powders as raw materials. The Al-SUS316L composite powder comprising Al with 50 vol.% of SUS316L was prepared by a ball milling process. Subsequently, it was sintered at 630 °C at a pressure of 200 MPa and held for 5 min in a semisolid state. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that intermetallic compounds such as Al13Fe4 and AlFe3 were created in the Al-SUS316L composite because the Al and SUS316L particles reacted together during the SPS process. The presence of these intermetallic compounds was also confirmed by using XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and EDS mapping. The mechanical hardness of the Al-SUS316L composites was analyzed by a Vickers hardness tester. Surprisingly, the Al-SU316L composite exhibited a Vickers hardness of about 620 HV. It can be concluded that the Al-SUS316L composites fabricated by the SPS process are lightweight and high-hardness materials that could be applied in the engineering industry such as in automobiles, aerospace, and shipbuilding.

The Effect of SiO2, TiO2, and B2O3 on the Crystallization of Glass-Ceramics Glaze Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada Punsukumtana ◽  
Sansanee Rugthaicharoencheep ◽  
Usuma Naknikham ◽  
Netnapha Suphanam
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Glaze ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Firing History

The feasibility of developing glass-ceramic glaze in the system KNaO-CaO-MgO-ZnO with a variation in the composition of SiO2, TiO2, and B2O3 was studied. The SiO2, TiO2, and B2O3 were varied in the amount of 2.25-1.50, 0.001-0.10, and 0-0.1 molar equivalents respectively. The samples were one fired at 1180°C or double fired by reheat at the crystallization temperature for 10 minutes. The gloss, sintering behavior, phase, microstucture, and hardness, and were examined by glossmeter, side-view hot stage microscope, X-ray diffraction, SEM, and Vickers hardness respectively. The results showed the importance effect of SiO2, TiO2, and B2O3 on the glaze crystallization ability and its properties. At the fix value of Al2O3 at 0.24 molar equivalents and with the 0.001-0.10 molar equivalents of TiO2, lower the SiO2 content to 1.50 molar equivalents increased the glaze crystallization potential. An increase in the B2O3 to 0.1 molar equivalents suppressed the potential of glaze crystallization. The phases of samples were amorphous or composed of silicon dioxide and diopside as the main phases depending on the glaze composition and the firing history. In this study, the glaze appearances transparent to opaque and varied from gloss to matte with the specular gloss values between 23-100 GU. All samples appeared to have high Vickers hardness value in the range of 553-644. The crystallization decreased the gloss but increased the hardness value for the 2.25 molar equivalents SiO2 glaze. Finally, a composition with high hardness and high gloss was identified and its properties was also presented. These results suggested the limitation and the potential for applying this glass-ceramic glaze system to industry applications.

Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Properties of Stainless Steel Foam

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
Fazimah Mat Noor ◽  
N.I. Mad Rosip ◽  
Khairur Rijal Jamaludin ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
Pore Dimension ◽  
Steel Foam ◽  
Highly Porous

Foam replication method is capable of producing foams with a highly porous structure with adjustable pore dimension, shape and size. In this work, this method has been used to prepare stainless steel 316L foam and sintered at 1200°C, 1250°C and 1300°C in a vacuum furnace. The microstructure and elemental analysis of the sample were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X–Ray (EDX), while the mechanical properties of the samples was determined by using compression test. It was found that the average pore size was in the range of 330µm-350µm. The yield strength and elastic modulus are in the range of 58-66 GPa and 0.46-0.50GPa respectively.

Microstructure and Hardness of Ni-Cr Porous Preform Reinforced Al-Based Composites by Low Infiltration Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Hua Wei Rong ◽  
Cheol Hong Park ◽  
Won Jo Park ◽  
Han Ki Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Pressure Infiltration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infiltration Method

With the rapid development of aerospace and automobile industries, metal matrix composites (MMCs) have attracted much attention because of its excellent performance. In this paper, Ni-Cr/AC8A composites reinforced with porous Ni-Cr preform were manufactured by low pressure infiltration process, infiltration temperatures are 700oC~850oC. The microstructure and phase composition of composites were evaluated using optical microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electro-probe microanalysis (EPMA), It's found that they're intermetallic compounds generated in the composites. Recently, intermetallic compounds have attracted much attention as high-temperature material. We study the hardness of Ni-Cr/AC8A composites, the results show the Ni-Cr/AC8A composite has high hardness due to the intermetallic compounds exist.

Stainless Steel 316 L Metal Coating with Capiz Shell Hydroxyapatite Using Electrophoretic Deposition Method as Bone Implant Candidate

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Martinus Kriswanto ◽  
Muhammad Khairurrijal ◽  
Dave Leonard Junior Wajong ◽  
Tofan Maliki Kadarismanto ◽  
Yusril Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Withdrawal Speed ◽  
Stainless Steel 316 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) made of capiz shell has been successfully coated onto stainless steel 316L substrate using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. In this study, three variations were applied, they were the voltages of 25 V and 50 V, the withdrawal speeds of 0.1 mm/s, 0.5 mm/s, and 1 mm/s, and the sintering temperatures of 750, 850, and 950 °C. These variations were applied to determine the differences in morphology and crystal structure of the layers so that the most suitable result was obtained as a candidate for the bone implant. Characterization was done by Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffractometer. The EPD process and the application of sintering temperature eliminated the phase of B type apatite carbonate which made the purity of the HAp layer higher. The SEM results show that the layer was more homogeneous and free of cracking at a voltage of 50 V and the withdrawal speed of 0.1 mm/s. The layer density was higher as the voltage and sintering temperature increased. Higher sintering temperature also made the layer more homogeneous, but at 950 °C, stainless steel 316L substrate underwent a phase transformation which caused the decreasing of the purity of the HAp layer. The best results were obtained by applying a50 V voltage, a withdrawal speed of 0.1 mm/s, and a sintering temperature of 850 °C.

XRD Analysis of Al-6vol%SnPb Composites Fabricated by Cold Forging Process with Various Sintering Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 420-423
Author(s):  
Marwan Zakaria ◽  
Siti Rodiah Karim ◽  
Nur Azam Badarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Forging Process

This paper focused on fabrication of Al-6vol%SnPb from recycled Aluminium and recycled solder and its characterization in different sintering temperature. Al-20SnPb was fabricated by using cold forging process of flakes chip raw materials. Constant pressure (56.4 MPa) was used to implement cold forging process. Various sintering temperature (200 0C, 250 0C, 300 0C and 3500C) was studied to obtain the optimum hardness properties. The diffraction pattern of X-Ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the influence of varying sintering temperature of Al-6vol%SnPb. Vickers hardness result also support that, optimum result obtained is at sintering temperature 300 °C.

Amorphization of Fe-Ni Based Alloys by Laser Cladding and Remelting

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1420-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Lei Zhang ◽  
Zhu Guo Li ◽  
Chen Wu Yao ◽  
Shun Yao ◽  
Feng Gui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coating ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
High Power ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The Fe32Ni32Si16B18Nb2, Fe31Ni31Si18B18Nb2 and Fe30Ni30Si20B18Nb2, (at. %) alloys are synthesized using low purity of raw materials by high power CO2 laser cladding with synchronous powder feeding. X-ray diffraction results show that the coating has an amorphous structure with some crystalline phases on it. The microstructure of the coatings changes with different amounts of Si. It can be observed that black nanocrystalline grains embedded in the amorphous phase in the TEM image. The coating of Fe31Ni31Si18B18Nb2 alloy was annealed at different temperature for 30 minutes and the microstructure were investigated. The highest Vickers Hardness had exceeded 1300 in the coatings. The amount of Si is a critical factor for fabricating a Fe-Ni based amorphous composite coating.

Production of Stainless Steel 316L Foam with Different Solid Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Fazimah Mat Noor ◽  
Khairur Rijal Jamaludin ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
Elemental Component ◽  
Steel Foam ◽  
Interconnected Pores

Stainless steel foam has been used for various applications due to their advantages over other materials such as high corrosion resistance, easily availability, and low-cost as well as good mechanical properties. In this work, stainless foam was produced by using foam replication method with different solid loading of SS316L i.e 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt% and 70 wt% SS316L. The samples were sintered in a vacuum furnace at 1250°C. The sample microstructure was characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) while the elemental component was analyzed by using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Archimedes test has been conducted to determine the samples density and porosity. It was found that the best sample is SS316L foam with 65 wt% solid loading with the density and porosity of 1.85 g/cm3 and 76.84% respectively which are similar to the human bone. The sample also has open and interconnected pores.

TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THIN NANO TUNGSTEN CARBIDE FILM DEPOSITED ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL SURFACE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950027 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SARAVANAN ◽  
N. VENKATESHWARAN ◽  
A. DEVARAJU ◽  
A. KRISHNAKUMARI
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
X Ray

This study presents the tribological behavior of austenitic 316L Stainless Steel (SS) coated with nano Tungsten Carbide (WC). The nano WC particles were prepared by mechano chemical method. The tungsten and toluene have been ball milled for 40[Formula: see text]h led to the synthesis of WC nano particles. An average particles size of 48[Formula: see text]nm was achieved. The prepared nano WC particles were deposited on 316L SS substrate as a thin film using DC magnetron sputtering process. The thickness of the nano WC coating was 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The synthesized nano WC particles and the thin nano WC film are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) technique. Vickers microhardness test was conducted to evaluate the microhardness of the thin film. A high microhardness value of 2242 HV[Formula: see text] was observed. The coated specimens are subjected to wear test using pin on disc setup and the tribological parameters such as friction and wear are analyzed. The results were compared with uncoated 316L SS specimen and micro WC particles coated 316L SS. The nano WC coated 316L SS possess high hardness and better wear resistance when compared with 316L SS and micro WC coated 316L SS specimen.

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