scholarly journals “Traditional” Sol-Gel Chemistry as a Powerful Tool for the Preparation of Supported Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Molecular Precursors ◽  
Gel Preparation

The sol-gel method is an attractive synthetic approach in the design of advanced catalytic formulations that are based on metal and metal oxide with high degree of structural and compositional homogeneity. Nowadays, though it originated with the hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides, sol-gel chemistry gathers plenty of fascinating strategies to prepare materials from solution state precursors. Low temperature chemistry, reproducibility, and high surface to volume ratios of obtained products are features that add merit to this technology. The development of different and fascinating procedure was fostered by the availability of new molecular precursors, chelating agents and templates, with the great advantage of tailoring the physico-chemical properties of the materials through the manipulation of the synthesis conditions. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the “traditional” sol-gel synthesis of tailored and multifunctional inorganic materials and their application in the main domain of heterogeneous catalysis. One of the main achievements is to stress the versatility of sol-gel preparation by highlighting its advantage over other preparation methods through some specific examples of the synthesis of catalysts.

Hybrid Sol-Gel Coatings

2018 ◽  
pp. 334-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bacelar Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Metallic Substrates ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Significant Attention

The properties and wide application range of organic-inorganic hybrid (O-IH) sol-gel materials have attracted significant attention over the past decades. The combination of organic polymers and inorganic materials in a single-phase provides exceptional possibilities to tailor electrical, optical and mechanical properties concerning diverse applications. This unlimited design concept has led to the development of diverse coatings for several applications such as glasses, and metals to mitigate mechanical abrasion, erosion and corrosion. This class of materials could be easily obtained by sol-gel method at mild synthesis conditions. Furthermore, the large variety of available chemical precursors allows producing a diversity of coatings with tuned mechanical and thermal properties. This chapter will introduce the fundamentals of the sol-gel method to produce O-IH protective thin coatings and discuss the methodologies used to apply these materials onto different metallic substrates for erosion and corrosion protection.

Structural Characterization and CO Oxidation Activity of Nanostructured LaMnO3 Catalysts

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Huai-Qing Huang ◽  
Xiao-Ming Zheng ◽  
Michael A. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Co Oxidation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Nanostructured Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Perovskite Type

Perovskite-type LaMnO3 catalysts were prepared by three different methods and tested for CO oxidation. The structural character of the catalysts was investigated by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All three different preparation methods resulted in nanostructured particles forming in the LaMnO3 catalysts. The crystallite size was in the range of 20 to 80 nm depending on the synthesis conditions. It was possible to synthesize the smallest particle size and a pure phase of perovskite-type LaMnO3 oxide by using a sol–gel method. The results also indicated that the CO total oxidation activity was related to the size of LaMnO3 particle and the structure formed.

scholarly journals Nano metal fluorides: small particles with great properties

ChemTexts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhard Kemnitz ◽  
Stefan Mahn ◽  
Thoralf Krahl
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Metal Fluorides

Abstract The recently developed fluorolytic sol–gel route to metal fluorides opens a very broad range of both scientific and technical applications of the accessible high surface area metal fluorides, many of which have already been applied or tested. Specific chemical properties such as high Lewis acidity and physical properties such as high surface area, mesoporosity and nanosize as well as the possibility to apply metal fluorides on surfaces via a non-aqueous sol make the fluorolytic synthesis route a very versatile one. The scope of its scientific and technical use and the state of the art are presented.

The Ceramist as Chemist - Opportunities for New Materials

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Uhlmann ◽  
B.J.J. Zelinski ◽  
G.E. Wnek
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe use of sol-gel techniques to prepare glasses and crystalline ceramics offers outstanding opportunity for breakthroughs in technology. The areas of particular promise include novel glasses; crystallineceramics with exceptional microstructures; coatings for modification of electrical, optical, mechanical and chemical properties; porous media with high surface area and tailored chemistry; ceramic powders with high chemical homogeneity and narrow distributions of particle size; matrix materials in ceramicceramic composites; and a wide spectrum of specialty ceramic materials, ranging from abrasives and fibers to glass ceramics and films. Opportunities in each of these areas will be discussed and related to the advances in understanding and process technology required for their achievement. The theses will be advanced that creative chemistry provides the key to many of these advances, that ceramists simply MUST learn more chemistry, but that we dare not rest from our labors when the chemistry is done.

scholarly journals Sol–gel preparation of low oxygen content, high surface area silicon nitride and imidonitride materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 5765-5774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kripasindhu Sardar ◽  
Richard Bounds ◽  
Marina Carravetta ◽  
Geoffrey Cutts ◽  
Justin S. J. Hargreaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Gel Preparation

Low oxygen silicon imidonitride samples are produced from Si(NHMe)4 and NH3 with NH4OTf catalyst and structurally characterised.

Catalytic Materials by Design from Hybrid Organic-Inorganics

1998 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël ◽  
J.E. Moreau ◽  
Michel Wong Chi Man
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Molecular Precursors ◽  
Catalytic Materials ◽  
Materials By Design ◽  
Gel Processing

AbstractThe sol-gel processing of appropriated molecular precursors easily leads to a variety of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with intrinsic properties. This approach is increasingly becoming an interesting way to prepare heterogeneous catalysts. The paper will focus on the use of hybrids for the preparation of selective catalytic materials. Two examples of the use of hybrid polysilsesquioxanes polymers will be given. i) The tailoring of the pore structure of silicas, under mild reaction conditions, based on the temporary introduction of different organic substructures in the hybrid network of polysilsesquioxane gels will be discussed. ii) Also the preparation of new chiral hybrid supports for enantioselective catalysis will be presented.

Nano-Delivery Materials: Review of Development and Application in Drug/Gene Transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin Li ◽  
Bin Huan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Biomedical Diagnosis ◽  
Gene Vectors ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

As the nanotechnology rapidly develops, the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology to build nanoparticles with biological functionalization has brought new opportunities for the development and application of biomedical diagnosis. Many new non-viral drug/gene vectors were constructed by using nanoparticles as drug/gene carriers, especially by making conventional inorganic materials into nanoparticles and performing functional modifications. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties, preparation methods and application in drug/gene transport of several nanomaterials including mesoporous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, dendrimers, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes are reviewed respectively. At the same time, the merit and dismerit of different nanocarriers and their application scenarios are compared. It has been found that the excellent biocompatibility and large specific surface area of inorganic nanomaterials have great potential for drug/gene delivery. Although there are many bottlenecks and challenges for nanomaterials to settle during drug delivery development and industrial production, the improvement of inorganic nanomaterials and the development of new nanocarriers can promote the wider progress of nanocarriers in drug/gene transport.

Nanomaterials, Novel Preparation Routes, and Characterizations

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irshad A. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Primary Focus

The important aspect of nanotechnology is the remarkable size dependant physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials that have led to the development of synthesis protocols for synthesizing nanomaterials over a range of sizes, shapes, and chemical compositions. This chapter describes the various aspects of nanotechnology: its dimensions and manipulation of matter with primary focus on inorganic materials. Detailed accounts of various methods lying within top-down and bottom-up synthesis approaches are discussed, like Chemical Vapour Condensation (CVC), arc discharge, hydrogen plasma-metal reaction, and laser pyrolysis in the vapour phase, microemulsion, hydrothermal, sol-gel, sonochemical taking place in the liquid phase, and ball milling carried out in the solid phase. The chapter also presents a brief account of the various characterization techniques used for the identification of the nanomaterials: X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and electron microscopy (e.g. Transmission Electron Microscopy [TEM], Scanning Electron Microscopy [SEM], Atomic Force Microscopy [AFM]).

Sol-gel preparation of AlPO4–SiO2 glasses with high surface mesoporous structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C. de Araujo ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Hellmut Eckert
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Gel Preparation
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