scholarly journals Improvement of Transparencies and Mechanical Properties of Poly(cyclohexylene dimethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) Parts Using a Compounding Nucleating Agent to Control Crystallization

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Su ◽  
Ying-Guo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Crystallization Behaviors ◽  
Nucleation Effect ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Control Crystallization

Poly(cyclohexylene dimethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PCCE) is a kind of copolyester polymer with excellent toughness and outstanding flexibility. However, the opacity caused by crystallization limits the widespread application of PCCE in products that have transparency requirements. The effects of 1,3:2,4-Di-p-methylbenzylidene sorbitol (MDBS) on the crystallization behavior, transparency, and mechanical properties of a PCCE melt were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), spectrophotometry, and tensile testing. The results suggest that the transparency and mechanical properties of PCCE drastically improve and that its crystallization behaviors are obviously influenced by the addition of MDBS. PCCE with 0.6 wt% MDBS was then selected as a representative sample, and its thermal behavior and crystal morphology were further investigated by DSC, hot-staged polarizing microscopy (HSPLM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantitative results suggest that, compared to neat PCCE resin, PCCE/MDBS has a lower isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization activation energy, which indicates a rapid crystallization process. The results also show that, compared to the pure PCCE melt, the PCCE/MDBS melt experiences a greater increase in the number of crystals and a greater decrease in the crystal size during cooling. The acceleration of the crystallization process and reduction in crystal size can be both attributed to the nucleation effect of the MDBS. In conclusion, because the addition of the nucleating agent improves the transparency and tensile properties of PCCE by adjusting and controlling its thermal and crystallization behaviors, the proposed technique of using a compounding nucleating agent to control crystallization is therefore suitable for PCCE.

scholarly journals Improving the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(l-lactide) by Forming Nanocomposites with an in Situ Ring-Opening Intermediate of Poly(l-lactide) and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Xiu Lei ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
Lei Lu ◽  
Hai-Qing Xu ◽  
Ying-Guo Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nucleation Effect ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Ring Open

In this study, a series of poly(l-lactide) and (3-amino)-propylheptaisobutyl cage silsesquioxane (PLLA-AMPOSS) intermediates were first fabricated using single-arm in situ solution polymerization of LLA monomers and AMPOSS nanoparticles with different contents, 0.02–1.00 mol%. Then, the PLLA-AMPOSS intermediate with 0.5 mol% AMPOSS was selected as a representative and investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Afterwards, it was added into the pure PLLA with different mass fractions. Finally, the thermal behavior, crystallization kinetics, morphological characteristics, and mechanical properties of the obtained PLLA/PLLA-AMPOSS nanocomposites were carefully measured and investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile test. After comparing the PLLA-AMPOSS intermediate and PLLA/AMPOSS blend, the results show that the ring-open polymerization of PLLA-AMPOSS intermediate was successful. The results also show that the existence of PLLA-AMPOSS has a strong influence on the crystallization behavior of PLLA/PLLA-AMPOSS composites, which can be attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation effect of PLLA-AMPOSS. In addition, it was also found from the tensile test results that the addition of the PLLA-AMPOSS nanofiller improved the tensile strength and strain at break of PLLA/PLLA-AMPOSS nanocomposites. All of these results indicate the good nucleating effect of PLLA-AMPOSS and that the AMPOSS disperses well in the PLLA/PLLA-AMPOSS nanocomposites. A conclusion can be drawn that the selective nucleating agent and the combined method of in situ ring-opening polymerization and physical blending are feasible and effective.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Crystallization Behaviors of Polyoxymethylene with a Small Amount of Ionic Liquid

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jiao ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Lian Wang ◽  
Hualin Chen ◽  
Yongjin Li
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fine Crystal ◽  
Crystallization Behaviors ◽  
Nucleation Effect ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

Polyoxymethylene (POM) blends with excellent stiffness–toughness balance are successfully developed using Tributyl(octyl)phosphonium bis(trifloromethanesulfonyl) imide (TBOP-TFSI), one type of room-temperature ionic liquid, as the nucleating agent. Crystallization behaviors of POM blends have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The incorporation of TBOP-TFSI induces the crystal nucleation and fine crystal grain of POM, and also a much shorter hemi-crystalline time with only 0.5 wt% addition. The nucleation effect of ionic liquid leads to considerable improvement in the impact strength of POM blends while not sacrificing its tensile strength. Moreover, antistatic properties with a long-time stable performance are achieved by TBOP-TFSI addition as the electrical resistance reaches 1011 Ω/sq.

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polybutene-1 containing nucleating agent with acid amides structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxian Zhao ◽  
Junyi Chen ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Le Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nonisothermal Crystallization ◽  
Nucleation Effect ◽  
Activation Energy Of Crystallization ◽  
Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of virgin isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) and iPBn (iPB-1 containing a nucleating agent that owns acid amides structure; iPB/Mult920=100/0.5, mass ratio) were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Modified Avrami theories (Ozawa method) and Mo method were used to analyze the DSC date. The results show that both methods are suitable to describe the crystallization process of iPB-1 and iPBn. Addition of 0.5% (mass ratio) nucleating agent can give rise to the nucleation effect, which increases the crystallization temperature (Tc) and the rate of crystallization of iPB-1, decreases the activation energy of crystallization (ΔE), and increases the crystallization rate of iPB-1 under the actual conditions.

Synthesis and Characterizations of Poly(Butylene Succinate) Copolyester

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Li Hai Cai ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Bao Hua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Crystallization Behaviors ◽  
Polymerization Method

The poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and 3 wt% attapulgite (ATP) reinforced PBS/ATP nanocomposites with 1,6-hexanediol were fabricated using an in situ polymerization method. The crystallization behaviors indicated that ATP had effectively acted as nucleating agent, resulting in the enhancement on the crystallization temperature. The SEM results showed a superior interfacial linkage between ATP and PBS. Also, ATP could disperse as a single fiber and embed in the polymer matrix, which resulted in the improved mechanical properties.

Crystallization Behavior of Polyethylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 932-935
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Li Guang Xiao ◽  
Hong Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Polyethylene/montmorillonite (PE/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The crystallization behavior of PE/MMT nanocomposites at different MMT concentrations (from 0.1 to 1.2 wt %) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The equilibrium melting points increase by the addition of MMT. The crystallization rates of PE/MMT nanocomposites are faster than those of pure PE. The addition of MMT facilitated the crystallization of PE, with the MMT functioning as a heterogeneous nucleating agent at lower content; at higher concentrations, however, the physical hindrance of the MMT layers to the motion of PE chains retarded the crystallization process.

PP/MWCNTs composites: Effects of length of MWCNTs on isothermal crystallization behaviors, crystalline structure, and thermal stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Ian Lin ◽  
Ching-Wen Lou ◽  
Yi-Jun Pan ◽  
Chien-Teng Hsieh ◽  
Chien-Lin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Behaviors ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study adopts the melt compounding method to prepare /mutli-walled carbon nanotubes composites. The effects of different lengths of the mutli-walled carbon nanotubes on the isothermal crystallization behaviors, crystalline structure, and thermal stability of the polypropylene/mutli-walled carbon nanotubes composites are examined. The PLM results show that the combination of mutli-walled carbon nanotubes prevents the growth of polypropylene spherulites, and thus results in a small size of spherulites. The differential scanning calorimetry results show that the short (S-) or long (L-) mutli-walled carbon nanotubes can function as the nucleating agent of polypropylene, which accelerates the crystallization rate of polypropylene. Avrami theory analyses indicate that the addition of short-mutli-walled carbon nanotubes particularly provides polypropylene/mutli-walled carbon nanotubes composites with a high crystallization rate. The X-ray diffraction results show that the combination of mutli-walled carbon nanotubes does not pertain to the crystal structure. The TGA test results show that long-mutli-walled carbon nanotubes outperform short -mutli-walled carbon nanotubes in improving the thermal stability of polypropylene, and both can significantly improve it.

A green method to fabricate porous polypropylene fibers: development toward textile products and mechanical evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yan ◽  
Aurélie Cayla ◽  
Fabien Salaün ◽  
Eric Devaux ◽  
Pengqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Crystallization Behaviors ◽  
Spinning Process

In this study, a series of immiscible polymer blend fibers with polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was obtained by a melt spinning process, and two different draw ratios were attempted. Efforts were made to obtain the porous PP fibers by removing the water-soluble PVA phase. The thermal properties of the blends were tested by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The blends showed excellent thermal stability and differentiated fractionated crystallization behaviors of PP. The melt flow indexes of the blends were evaluated, exhibiting a higher fluidity than that of the neat polymers. Among the possible candidates for the spinning process, only the PP70–PVA30 had suitable spinnability, for which the draw ratio reached 3. The morphology of the fibers was investigated by selective extraction experiment and scanning electron microscopy, as well as wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The biphasic morphology and the crystallization behaviors varied according to the PVA content. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the multifilament fibers were studied via tensile testing and dynamical mechanical analysis. The 70/30 weight ratio (PP/PVA) was the most suitable for producing biphasic fibers with a high degree of accessibility in PVA and mechanical properties that increase with the increase in the drawing ratio. The feasibility of fabric knitting was checked, and the mechanical properties and air permeability of the obtained textile structure were also evaluated.

Influence of PNA012 on Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo You Zhang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Chun Fa Ouyoung ◽  
Qun Gao ◽  
Kang Sheng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Crystallization Degree

PNA012 is a new nucleating agent on polybutylene terephthalate. The effect of different dosage of PNA012 on crystallization and mechanical properties were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, universal testing machine, melt flow indexer and vicat softening testing machine. It was revealed that the PNA012 could substantially accelerate the crystallization of PBT. Compared with the pure PBT,the crystallization temperature of PBT/PNA012 rises from 196.3 °C to 199.7 °C and crystallization degree from 34.2% to 39.9%. The tensile Strength of PBT/PNA012 is increased 9.7%. The Bending Strength has a rise of 9.3% and the heat distortion temperatures of PBT/PNA012 is increased from 115.07°C to 125.94°C.

Isothermal Crystallization Behavior and Kinetics of Poly (lactic acid) Filled with a Novel Nucleating Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Nai Xu ◽  
Xing Hui Wang ◽  
Li Sha Pan ◽  
Su Juan Pang ◽  
Xuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nucleation Effect ◽  
Amide Derivatives ◽  
Aromatic Amide ◽  
Kinetics Of

The crystallization behavior and crystalline structure of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) filled with a novel nucleating agent (TMC328), which is a kind of aromatic amide derivatives, were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray (XRD). In isothermal crystallization from the melt, the present of TMC328 remarkably affected the isothermal crystalline behaviors of PLA. PLA/0.5% TMC328 sample exhibited very short crystallization half-times at 90-130 °C. Furthermore, the Avrami theory was used to describe the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLA/TMC328 samples. It is confirmed that TMC328 showed a significant heterogeneous nucleation effect on the crystallization of PLA matrix. Moreover, XRD measurement indicates that TMC328 is a kind of α-form nucleating agent for PLA.

scholarly journals Investigation of Polyetherimide Melt-Extruded Fibers Modified by Carbon Nanoparticles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7251
Author(s):  
Elena Ivan’kova ◽  
Gleb Vaganov ◽  
Andrey Didenko ◽  
Elena Popova ◽  
Vladimir Elokhovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Orientation Degree ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orientational Drawing ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Carbon Nanofiller

The fibers based on thermoplastic partially crystalline polyetherimide R-BAPB modified by vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCF) were prepared by melt extrusion, exposed to orientational drawing, and crystallized. All of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry to study how the carbon nanofiller influences on the internal structure and crystallization behavior of the obtained R-BAPB fibers. The mechanical properties of the composite R-BAPB fibers were also determined. It was found that VGCF nanoparticles introduced into R-BAPB polyimide can act as a nucleating agent that leads, in turn, to significant changes in the composite fibers morphology as well as thermal and mechanical characteristics. VGCF are able to improve an orientation degree of the R-BAPB macromolecules along the fiber direction, accelerate crystallization rate of the polymer, and enhance the fiber stability during crystallization process.

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