scholarly journals Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials: A Review

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Eliaz
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Biodegradable Metals ◽  
Dental Amalgams ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Factor Governing

Metallic biomaterials are used in medical devices in humans more than any other family of materials. The corrosion resistance of an implant material affects its functionality and durability and is a prime factor governing biocompatibility. The fundamental paradigm of metallic biomaterials, except biodegradable metals, has been “the more corrosion resistant, the more biocompatible.” The body environment is harsh and raises several challenges with respect to corrosion control. In this invited review paper, the body environment is analysed in detail and the possible effects of the corrosion of different biomaterials on biocompatibility are discussed. Then, the kinetics of corrosion, passivity, its breakdown and regeneration in vivo are conferred. Next, the mostly used metallic biomaterials and their corrosion performance are reviewed. These biomaterials include stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium and its alloys, Nitinol shape memory alloy, dental amalgams, gold, metallic glasses and biodegradable metals. Then, the principles of implant failure, retrieval and failure analysis are highlighted, followed by description of the most common corrosion processes in vivo. Finally, approaches to control the corrosion of metallic biomaterials are highlighted.

scholarly journals Ion Leaching from Implantable Medical Devices

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 754-759
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Eiselstein ◽  
Robert D. Caligiuri
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Chromium Alloys

Implantable medical devices must be able to withstand the corrosive environment of the human body for 10 or more years without adverse consequences. Most reported research and development has been on developing materials and devices that are biocompatible and resistant to corrosion-fatigue, pitting, and crevice corrosion. However, little has been directly reported regarding implantable materials with respect to the rate at which they generate soluble ions in-vivo. Most of the biocompatibility studies have been done by examining animal implants and cell cultures rather than examining the rate at which these materials leach ions into the body. This paper will discuss what is currently known about the rate at which common implant materials (such as stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, and nitinol) elute ions under in vitro conditions, what the limitations are of such data, and how this data can be used in medical device development.

scholarly journals Amniotic fluid fibronectin. Characterization and synthesis by cells in culture.

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Crouch ◽  
G Balian ◽  
K Holbrook ◽  
D Duksin ◽  
P Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cold Insoluble Globulin ◽  
Kinetics Of

A glycoprotein immunologically related to plasma cold-insoluble globulin (CIG) and fetal skin fibroblast fibronectin has been purified from second-trimester human amniotic fluid. This protein (amniotic fluid fibronectin) migrated more slowly than CIG on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and showed greater polydispersity which could result, at least in part, from heterogeneity in glycosylation. Cloned human amniotic fluid epithelioid and fibroblastic cells synthesized and secreted a protein with similar properties into the culture medium. Fibronectin was shown to be associated with the pericellular and extracellular matrix of cultured amniotic fluid cells by immunofluorescence, lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, and labeling with ferritin-conjugated antibodies. The kinetics of secretion of the protein were consistent with its role as a matrix protein. We anticipate that amniotic fluid fibronectin will prove to be the same protein which elsewhere in the body is incorporated into connective tissues and basement membranes. Amniotic fluid could, therefore, serve as a convenient source of in vivo synthesized fibronectin for biological and structural studies.

ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION KINETICS OF DILUTE COBALT-CHROMIUM ALLOYS

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MROWEC ◽  
K. PRZYBYLSKI ◽  
D. SZWAGIERCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Kinetics Of

STUDYING THE ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN CIRCULATING PROSTATE CANCER CELLS BY IN VIVO FLOW CYTOMETRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250027 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN GUO ◽  
ZHICHAO FAN ◽  
ZHENGQIN GU ◽  
XUNBIN WEI
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
In Vivo Flow Cytometry ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Deficient Group

Metastasis is a very complicated multi-step process and accounts for the low survival rate of the cancerous patients. To metastasize, the malignant cells must detach from the primary tumor and migrate to secondary sites in the body through either blood or lymph circulation. Macrophages appear to be directly involved in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of macrophages in affecting cancer metastasis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we have utilized an emerging technique, namely in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) to study the depletion kinetics of circulating prostate cancer cells in mice and determine how depletion of macrophages by the liposome-encapsulated clodronate affects the depletion kinetics. Our results show different depletion kinetics of PC-3 cells between the macrophage-deficient group and the control group. The number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the macrophage-deficient group decreases in a slower manner compared to the control mice group. The differences in depletion kinetics indicate that the absence of macrophages facilitates the stay of prostate cancer cells in circulation. In addition, our imaging data suggest that macrophages might be able to arrest, phagocytose and digest PC-3 cells. Therefore, phagocytosis may mainly contribute to the depletion kinetic differences. The developed methods elaborated here would be useful to study the relationship between macrophages and tumor metastasis in small animal cancer models.

scholarly journals The Potential of Magnesium Based Materials in Mandibular Reconstruction

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somasundaram Prasadh ◽  
Vaishnavi Ratheesh ◽  
Vyasaraj Manakari ◽  
Gururaj Parande ◽  
Manoj Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mandibular Reconstruction ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Anti Cancer

The future of biomaterial design will rely on development of bioresorbable implant materials that completely and safely degrade in vivo after the tissues grow, without generating harmful degradation products at the targeted anatomic site. Permanent biomaterials such as Ti6Al4V alloy, 316L stainless steel, and Co-based alloys currently used in mandibular reconstruction often result in stress shielding effects due to mismatch in the Young’s modulus values between the bone and the implant, resulting in implant loosening. Also, allergic responses due to metal ion releases necessitates revision surgery to prevent long term exposure of the body to toxic implant contents. Bioresorbable metals are perceived as revolutionary biomaterials that have transformed the nature of metallic biomaterials from bioinert to bioactive and multi-bio functional (anti-bacterial, anti-proliferation, and anti-cancer). In this aspect, magnesium (Mg)-based materials have recently been explored by the biomedical community as potential materials for mandibular reconstruction, as they exhibit favorable mechanical properties, adequate biocompatibility, and degradability. This article reviews the recent progress that has led to advances in developing Mg-based materials for mandibular reconstruction; correlating with the biomechanics of mandible and types of mandibular defects. Mg-based materials are discussed regarding their mechanical properties, corrosion characteristics, and in vivo performance. Finally, the paper summarizes findings from this review, together with a proposed scope for advancing the knowledge in Mg-based materials for mandibular reconstruction.

Effect of Surface Charge on Gold Nanoparticle Biotransport: An In Vivo Blood and Biodistribution Study

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha B. Shah ◽  
John C. Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of

Intravenously injected nanoparticles (NPs) hold great promise for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. While several NPs for such clinical applications have emerged in various designs (metallic, polymeric, quantum dots etc.) [1], a critical issue in their in vivo use is the lack of fundamental studies examining the effects of physicochemical parameters (shape, size, surface properties etc.) on blood circulation, kinetics of accumulation and elimination as well as toxicity [2–4]. We hypothesize that blood, the first medium of interaction in the body, is a major determinant of biotransport and biodistribution. Recent and past in vitro studies have shown that NPs interact with serum proteins (including complement factors), cause platelet aggregation and red blood cell hemolysis, and are taken up by phagocytic cells. However, to our knowledge a detailed in vivo study of the interaction of metallic nanoparticles with blood components as a function of their surface properties does not yet exist.

Innovation of hyaluronic acid-protamine microparticles and their kinetics in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harada ◽  
S. Ehara ◽  
T. Segawa ◽  
K. Ishii ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Pixe Method ◽  
Kinetics In Vivo ◽  
Number Of Particles

The nanoparticles, which releases anticancer drug with response to radiation, were developed. Also, two categories were tested: (i) their ability to release anticancer drug in vitro; and (ii) their kinetics in the body, when they were injected through tail vein of BALB/c mice in vivo. To prepare the particles, hyaluronic acid and protamine were mixed into carboplatin solution, and reacted for 30 min in room temperature. Those particles were exposed to a single dose of 10 Gy of 140 KeV X-ray. Their ability to release carboplatin with response to radiation was expressed as the percentage of ruptured particles, basing on images of particles, using micro PIXE camera. The amount of released carboplatin was measured by quantitative PIXE method. The kinetics of particles in body was assessed by counting the number of particles, which were trapped in lungs, using micro PIXE camera. The mean diameter of particles was 743 ± 34 nm. By irradiation, 59.3 ± 7.23% of particles ruptured, and 95.9 ± 2.3% carboplatin was released from particles. The trapped particles in lungs were significantly reduced, when compared with previous alginate-hyaluronic particles.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Biomaterials for Bone-Tissue Regeneration: Mg-Alloys on the Move

2018 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rida Batool Naqvi ◽  
Yasir Faheem Joya ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Recent Developments

Disorders related to the bone health are becoming a significant concern due to subsequent rise in ageing human population. It is estimated that more than two million bone-surgeries are performed worldwide with an annual cost of $2.5 billion. In order to replace damaged bone-tissues and restore their function, biomaterials consisting of stainless steels, cobalt-chromium and titanium alloys are implanted. However, these permanent (non-biodegradable) implants often lead to stress-shielding effects and ions release as they interact with the cells and fluids in the body. It is required to overcome these issues by improving the quality of implant materials and increasing their service life. Recently, research in biodegradable materials, consisting of magnesium alloys in particular, has received global attention owning to their biocompatibility and closer mechanical properties to the natural bone. However, due to their rapid corrosion rate in the body fluids, clinical applications of Mg-alloys as viable bone-implants have been restricted. A number of Mg-alloys have been tested since (both in vivo and in vitro) to optimize their biodegradation rare and corrosion properties. The present review summarizes the most recent developments in Mg-alloys designed with biodegradation tailored to the bone-cells growth and highlights the most successful ways to optimize their surface properties for optimum cell/material interaction.

Can the Current Stent Manufacturing Process be Used for Making Metallic Biodegradable Stents

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamillah Amer Nordin ◽  
Ahmad Kafrawi Nasution ◽  
Hendra Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Biodegradable Stents

Stents have been routinely used for the treatment of coronary artery occlusion since the last two decades. They are made of corrosion resistant alloys such as stainless steel 316L, titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys; in addition, their manufacturing process is well developed. Currently, corrodible metals have been proposed for making stents that can degrade after serving its function (biodegradable stents). This article discusses applicability of the current laser-cutting-based stent manufacturing process for making biodegradable stents: from materials production to stent fabrication until implantation. It covers some practical and technical points extracted from literatures and authors experiences with clinicians and industrialists to be considered in developing metallic biodegradable stents.

Kinetic profile of overall elimination of 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. E580-E587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hae Han ◽  
Yukio Kato ◽  
Hiroyuki Kusuhara ◽  
Hiroshi Suzuki ◽  
Minoru Shimoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Liver Concentration ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Body Clearance

The in vivo biliary and urinary excretion kinetics of 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate (5-CH3-H4PteGlu) were studied in rats. During infusion at various rates (48–965 nmol ⋅ h−1⋅ kg−1), the total body clearance (CLtotal) of 5-CH3-H4PteGlu could be attributed almost entirely to the sum of the biliary and urinary (CLurine,p) excretion clearances. After a 4-h infusion at the highest rate, the 5-CH3-H4PteGlu in the liver was 10 times higher than the endogenous level, whereas its polyglutamate form did not increase, suggesting that most of the infused 5-CH3-H4PteGlu is not incorporated in the polyglutamate pool but is eliminated by excretion. The parallel increase in CLtotaland CLurine,pwith the increase in infusion rate might result from saturation of reabsorption at the renal proximal tubules, since the urinary excretion clearance, defined with respect to the kidney concentration, also increased while the biliary excretion clearance, defined with respect to the liver concentration, remained almost constant. We conclude that the hepatobiliary excretion is a relatively low-affinity process with a constant clearance, whereas the renal tubular reabsorption is saturated at higher plasma 5-CH3-H4PteGlu concentration (∼0.5 μM). Urinary excretion becomes the predominant elimination route for any excess 5-CH3-H4PteGlu in the body.

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