scholarly journals Anisotropic Compressive Behavior of Functionally Density Graded Aluminum Foam Prepared by Controlled Melt Foaming Process

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Shuangqi Hu ◽  
Zhiqiang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Lateral Strain ◽  
Transverse Compression ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Plateau Stress ◽  
Foaming Process

Aluminum foams with a functionally graded density have exhibited better impact resistance and a better energy absorbing performance than aluminum foams with a uniform density. Nevertheless, the anisotropic compression behavior caused by the graded density has scarcely been studied. In this paper, a density graded aluminum foam (FG) was prepared by a controlled foaming process. The effect of density anisotropy on the mechanical behavior of FGs was investigated under quasi-static compression and a low-velocity impact. Digital image correlation (DIC) and numerical simulation techniques were used to identify deformation mechanisms at both macro and cell levels. Results show that transverse compression on FGs lead to a higher collapse strength but also to a lower energy absorption, due to the significant decrease in densification strain and plateau stress. The deformation behavior of FGs under longitudinal compression was dominated by the progressive extension of the deformation bands. For FGs under transverse compression, the failure mode of specimens was characterized by multiple randomly distributed deformation bands. Moreover, the transverse compression caused more deformation on cells, through tearing and lateral stretching, because of the high lateral strain level in the specimens. It was concluded that the transverse compression of FGs lead to a lower plateau stress and a lower cell usage, thus resulting in a poorer energy absorption efficient; this constitutes a key factor which should be taken into consideration in structural design.

Quasi-Static Crushing of Aluminum Foam-Filled Thin-Walled Aluminum Tubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zhuo Kun Cao ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Hong Jie Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Aluminum Tubes ◽  
Foam Filling ◽  
Foam Filled

The effect of aluminum foams with different cell structure on the quasi-static compression behavior and energy absorption of aluminum tubular structures was investigated. For comparison, empty tubes and aluminum foams with different cell structure were also tested, respectively. The results indicated that the value of crushing peak load of aluminum foam-filled tubes increases from 57.88% (1.94mm cell size) to 89.33% (1.22mm cell size) respectively compared with 2.83mm cell size. Splitting deformation of foam filling was found to effect in increasing the extra contact between the foam filling and the tube during progressive crushing, which increases the lateral compressive forces on the tubes. The energy absorption of aluminum foams filled aluminum tubes was also improved significantly due to the change of cell structure.

scholarly journals Energy Absorption of Different Cell Structures for Closed-Cell Foam-Filled Tubes Subject to Uniaxial Compression

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zhuokun Cao ◽  
Ganfeng Tu ◽  
Yongliang Mu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Energy Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

The energy absorption of different cell structures for closed-cell aluminum foam-filled Al tubes are investigated through quasi-static compression testing. Aluminum foams are fabricated under different pressures, obtaining aluminum foams with different cell sizes. It is found that the deformation of the foam core is close to the overall deformation, and the deformation band is seriously expanded when the cell size is fined, which leads to the increase of interaction. Results confirm that the foam-filled tubes absorb more energy due to the increase of interaction between the foam core and tube wall when the foaming pressure increases. The energy absorption efficiency of foam-filled tubes can reach a maximum value of 90% when the foam core is fabricated under 0.30 MPa, which demonstrates that aluminum foams fabricated under increased pressure give a new way for the applications of foam-filled tubes in the automotive industry.

scholarly journals Dynamic Compressive Behaviors of Two-Layer Graded Aluminum Foams under Blast Loading

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minzu Liang ◽  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
Yuliang Lin ◽  
Kefan Zhang ◽  
Fangyun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Loading ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Transmitted Impulse ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Experimental and numerical analyses were carried out to reveal the behaviors of two-layer graded aluminum foam materials for their dynamic compaction under blast loading. Blast experiments were conducted to investigate the deformation and densification wave formation of two-layer graded foams with positive and negative gradients. The shape of the stress waveform changed during the propagation process, and the time of edge rising was extended. Finite element models of two-layer graded aluminum foam were developed using the periodic Voronoi technique. Numerical analysis was performed to simulate deformation, energy absorption, and transmitted impulse of the two-layer graded aluminum foams by the software ABAQUS/Explicit. The deformation patterns were presented to provide insights into the influences of the foam gradient on compaction wave mechanisms. Results showed that the densification wave occurred at the blast end and then gradually propagated to the distal end for the positive gradient; however, compaction waves simultaneously formed in both layers and propagated to the distal end in the same direction for the negative gradient. The energy absorption and impulse transfer were examined to capture the effect of the blast pressure and the material gradient. The greater the foam gradient, the more energy dissipated and the more impulse transmitted. The absorbed energy and transferred impulse are conflicting objectives for the blast resistance capability of aluminum foam materials with different gradient distributions. The results could help in understanding the performance and mechanisms of two-layer graded aluminum foam materials under blast loading and provide a guideline for effective design of energy-absorbing materials and structures.

scholarly journals Quasi-Static Compression Deformation and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Basalt Fiber-Containing Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Yang ◽  
Zichen Zhang ◽  
Xueguang Chen ◽  
Xing Han ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Absorption Characteristics

In this work, closed-cell aluminum foams with 4 wt.% contents of short-cut basalt fibers (BFs) were successful prepared by using the modified melt-foaming method. The pore size of BF-containing aluminum foam and commercially pure aluminum foam was counted. The distribution of BF and its effect on the compressive properties of closed-cell aluminum foams were investigated. The results showed that the pore size of BF-containing aluminum foams was more uniform and smaller. BF mainly existed in three different forms: Some were totally embedded in the cell walls, some protruded from the cell walls, and others penetrated through the cells. Meanwhile, under the present condition, BF-containing aluminum foams possessed higher compressive strength and energy absorption characteristics than commercially pure aluminum foams, and the reasons were discussed.

High Strain Rate Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Aluminum Foams

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Aldoshan ◽  
D. P. Mondal ◽  
Sanjeev Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Closed Cell

The mechanical behavior of closed-cell aluminum foam composites under different compressive loadings has been investigated. Closed-cell aluminum foam composites made using the liquid metallurgy route were reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different concentrations, namely, 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight. The reinforced foams were experimentally tested under dynamic compression using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system over a range of strain rates (up to 2200 s−1). For comparison, aluminum foams were also tested under quasi-static compression. It was observed that closed-cell aluminum foam composites are strain rate sensitive. The mechanical properties of CNT reinforced Al-foams, namely, yield stress, plateau stress, and energy absorption capacity are significantly higher than that of monolithic Al-foam under both low and high strain rates.

Dissolution Method of Aluminum Foams Containing Mg Using Carbamide Space Holder

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Amirah Ahmad Hamdi ◽  
Nurul Akmal Mohd Sharif ◽  
Anasyida Abu Seman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Dissolution Method ◽  
Space Holder

This study investigated the properties of aluminium foam containing Mg with various amount of space holder. Aluminum foam was fabricated using dissolution method with various amount of carbamide (20, 40 and 60 wt. %). Aluminum foam with 60 wt. % carbamide has the lowest density (0.68 g/cm3) and exhibited the highest porosity (74.97%). However, the results indicates that aluminum foam with 40 wt. % of carbamide have good compressive and energy absorption with acceptable density and porosity value.

scholarly journals Compressive Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Gradient Aluminum Foams Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Method

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Wenzhan Huang ◽  
Guangming Liu ◽  
Huaying Li ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yanli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Powder Sintering ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

A layered gradient aluminum foam was prepared by powder sintering with sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) particles as the cell-forming agent. By cutting, polishing and observing under a microscope, it was found that the aluminum powder particles were not completely melted after sintering but were only combined by surface melting. Based on the quasi-static compression test and the macroscopic diagram of the sample during deformation, the mechanical properties of gradient aluminum foam were studied, and their deformation characteristics and mechanism were analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals Study on aluminum foam as a filler material for impact limiter of spent fuel transport cask

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Zhongfang Li ◽  
Siyi Yang ◽  
Haile Xu ◽  
Yukun An
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

Spent fuel transport cask is a significant carrier of spent fuel transport. The main function of impact limiters installed at both ends of the container is to absorb energy and limit overload to ensure the integrity of the structure. The quasi-static compression process of aluminum foam was simulated on the platform of ANSYS Workbench. Foam aluminum was prepared by melt foaming method and quasi static compression test was carried out. The experimental results show that the deformation process of aluminum foam is basically the same as that of experiment, and the aluminum foam has good compressive and energy absorption properties. The yield stress (σys) and plateau stress (σpl) of aluminum foam with density of 0.64 g/cm3 can reach 8.26 MPa and 11.11 MPa respectively, and the energy absorption capacity (WEA) and unit energy absorption capacity (WSEA) can reach 6.31 x 103KJ/m3 and 9.87 KJ/Kg respectively, and the difference between the foam with density of 0.61g/cm3 and its various properties is very small. It can be concluded that the aluminum foam in a certain density range has roughly the same performance, and it also reflected the stability of aluminum foam's performance. Additionally, aluminum foam is an isotropic material, which can overcome directional limitation when used as shock absorber filler material for spent fuel transport cask.

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