scholarly journals Equivalent Properties of Transition Layer Based on Element Distribution in Laser Bending of 304 Stainless Steel/Q235 Carbon Steel Laminated Plate

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihui Li ◽  
Xuyue Wang ◽  
Yonghao Luo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Laminated Plate ◽  
Laser Bending ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Equivalent Method

Compared with the single-component metal plate, there is a special transition layer on the joint interface between two kinds of materials in the stainless steel-carbon steel laminated plate (SCLP). In order to describe the finite element model of laser bending accurately, it is of great significance to determine material properties of the transition layer. Based on the element distribution, an equivalent method is adopted to calculate thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus, density, Poisson’s ratio, and specific heat capacity of transition layer. The electron probe experiments show that the transition layer is formed by interfacial element diffusion with thickness of 7 μm. Besides, the volume fraction of stainless steel (46.63%) and carbon steel (53.37%) in the transition layer is tested by energy dispersive spectrometer, respectively. Through the equivalent method, a laser bending model of SCLP is simulated by ANSYS software to predict the bending angle under different parameters. The experimental verification shows that the maximum of bending angle errors is 3.74%, which is lower than the maximum 4.93% of errors calculated by the mean value method. The analysis verifies that the laser bending model is feasible and contributes to improving the accuracy of modeling SCLP in the laser bending process.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Stainless Steel-Carbon Steel Laminated Plate Considering Interface in Pulsed Laser Bending

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihui Li ◽  
Xuyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Plastic Zone ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Laminated Plate ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Laser Bending ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Steel Layer

According to ANSYS software and an electron probe experiment, a multi-layer finite element model (FEM) of pulsed laser bending of stainless steel-carbon steel laminated plate (SCLP) including interfaces has been established. Compared with a single-layer stainless steel plate (SLSP), based on a temperature gradient mechanism considering the depth of the plastic zone, the influence of the interfaces and carbon steel layer in the model of the SCLP on the bending angle has been studied by analyzing the distributions of the temperature field, stress field and strain field in the thickness direction. The simulation results show that the temperature of the SCLP in the thickness direction is lower than that of the SLSP due to interfacial thermal resistance of the interface and fast heat conduction of the carbon steel layer, resulting in a smaller depth of the plastic zone of the SCLP defined by the recrystallization temperature. Affected by the temperature distribution, the plastic stress and strain of the SCLP in the plastic zone are smaller than those of the SLSP, leading to a smaller bending angle of the SCLP. When the laser power is 140 W, the scanning speed is 400 mm/min, the defocus distance is 10 mm, and the scanning time is 1, the bending angle of the SCLP is 1.336°, which is smaller than the bending angle 1.760° of the SLSP. The experimental verifications show that the maximum error of the bending angle is 3.74%, which verifies that the model of laser bending is usable and contributes to refining the laser bending mechanism of the SCLP.

Pyrolytic carbon filaments and associated catalytic particles formed in steel tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Filamentous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

Considerable effort has been directed toward an improved understanding of the production of the strong and stiff ∼ 1-20 μm diameter pyrolytic carbon fibers of the type reported by Koyama and, more recently, by Tibbetts. These macroscopic fibers are produced when pyrolytic carbon filaments (∼ 0.1 μm or less in diameter) are thickened by deposition of carbon during thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases. Each such precursor filament normally lengthens in association with an attached catalyst particle. The subject of filamentous carbon formation and much of the work on characterization of the catalyst particles have been reviewed thoroughly by Baker and Harris. However, identification of the catalyst particles remains a problem of continuing interest. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon filaments and the catalyst particles formed inside stainless steel and plain carbon steel tubes. For the present study, natural gas (∼; 97 % methane) was passed through type 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 plain carbon steel tubes at 1240°K.

Interfacial Bonding Behavior of Stainless Steel / Carbon Steel in Cold Rolling Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 982 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Shuo Li ◽  
Qing Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Interfacial Bonding ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Real Contact Area ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Bonding Quality

A cylindrical indenter was designed to simulate the roller and 304 stainless steel / Q235A carbon steel plate with different roughness were bonded together. The interfacial bonding behavior was investigated by SEM, ultrasonic “C” scanning detection and nanoindentation test. The result reveal that with the increase of contact pressure between interfaces, the atoms of dissimilar metals begin to diffuse across interfaces in some regions, then form island-like bonding regions, and eventually extend to the whole interface. There are no obvious cracks on the surface of stainless steel and carbon steel after deformation. The cold roll-bonding mechanism of stainless steel and carbon steel is that elements on both sides of the interface diffuse and form a shallow diffusion layer under pressure to ensure the joint strength, and the joint bonding strength is greater than the strength of carbon steel matrix. In addition, the surface morphology of base metal has a great influence on the interfacial bonding quality. The higher surface roughness values increases the hardening degree of rough peak, which makes real contact area difficult to increase and reduce the interfacial bonding quality.

Experiments on Laser Bending of Stainless Steel-Carbon Steel Laminated Sheet

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 091403 ◽  
Author(s):  
杨冰冰 Yang Bingbing ◽  
王续跃 Wang Xuyue ◽  
徐文骥 Xu Wenji ◽  
郭东明 Guo Dongming
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Bending

Experimental Studies of Ratcheting of Pressurized Pipe

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Scavuzzo ◽  
P. C. Lam ◽  
J. S. Gau
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Stainless Steel Pipe ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Hoop Direction

In these studies, both dynamic and static tests were conducted on pressurized pipe. Dynamic tests were run on 1 in. Schedule 40 and Schedule 10 seamless 304 stainless steel pipe. Welded 1 in. Schedule 40 304 stainless steel pipe and seamless carbon steel (ASTM A106) pipe were tested statically. Internal pressures varied from 1000 psi to 3000 psi. In these tests, axial bending stresses from either inertial loads or static loads were superposed on to the initial pressure stresses. Strain gages were used to measure the cyclic strains on the outer walls of the pipe. Measurements indicated that ratcheting occurred primarily in the hoop direction and varied from a maximum at the top and bottom of the pipe that had the highest bending stresses to zero at the neutral axis. Though ratcheting occurred primarily in the hoop direction, some ratcheting in the axial direction was observed in 304 stainless steel pipe in both static and dynamic tests. Axial ratcheting was insignificant in the carbon steel pipe. Data obtained from these tests are presented. Measured ratcheting strains are compared to approximations of Beaney, Edmunds and Beer and to finite element computations.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of 304 stainless steel/Q235 carbon steel composite material

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenning Shen ◽  
Lajun Feng ◽  
Hui Feng ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Q235 Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Composite
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