scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of a Dual-Cation Organomontmorillonite Nanocomposite

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifang Wang ◽  
Huizhen Xiao ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Hengjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Molecular Volume ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Organic Modifiers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interlayer Region ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorption Amount ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this study, a novel dual-cation organomontmorillonites (OMt) nanocomposite was synthesized by two kinds of modifiers cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and cysteamine hydrochloride, and the adsorption behavior of modifiers into montmorillonite (Mt) has been investigated. The OMt were characterized by techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal (TG-DTA) analyses. The effects of temperature, contact time, the order of addition and the concentration of organic modifiers on the amounts of organics adsorbed were investigated. The adsorption amount of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) increased with the increase of the added CTAC amount and contact time, while the addition order of modifiers and modification temperature had no significant effect on the actual adsorption amount of CTAC and CSH on Mt, as confirmed by the XRD patterns. The experimentally determined isotherms showed a good fit with the Langmuir adsorption models. The adsorption kinetics demonstrated that the adsorption of CTAC and CSH by Mt followed the pseudo-second-order model, and CTAC adsorption rate on Mt was faster than that of CSH. FTIR spectrum clearly revealed the incorporation of surfactant ions into the interlayer region. The TG-DTA analyses showed that the total mass losses of OMt strongly depended on the molecular volume of modifiers.

Microstructure Characterization of Metal Mixed Oxides

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (64) ◽  
pp. 4025-4030 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kryshtab ◽  
H. A. Calderon ◽  
A. Kryvko
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

ABSTRACTThe microstructure of Ni-Mg-Al mixed oxides obtained by thermal decomposition of hydrotalcite-like compounds synthesized by a co-precipitation method has been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD patterns revealed the formation of NixMg1-xO (x=0÷1), α-Al2O3 and traces of MgAl2O4 and NiAl2O4 phases. The peaks profile analysis indicated a small grain size, microdeformations and partial overlapping of peaks due to phases with different, but similar interplanar spacings. The microdeformations point out the presence of dislocations and the peaks shift associated with the presence of excess vacancies. The use of atomic resolution TEM made it possible to identify the phases, directly observe dislocations and demonstrate the vacancies excess. Atomic resolution TEM is achieved by applying an Exit Wave Reconstruction procedure with 40 low dose images taken at different defocus. The current results suggest that vacancies of metals are predominant in MgO (NiO) crystals and that vacancies of Oxygen are predominant in Al2O3 crystals.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse Based Activated Carbon: Effect of Impregnation Ratio of ZnCl2

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Bishnu K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Methylene Blue Number ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Series of activated carbons (ACs) have been prepared from Sugarcane bagasse powder by ZnCl2 activation at various impregnation ratios of ZnCl2 to Sugarcane bagasse powder of 0.25:1, 0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1 by weight. Characteristics of the activated carbons (ACs) were determined by iodine number, methylene blue number, surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction. Iodine number (IN) indicated that, microporosity of the AC were increased with increasing impregnation ratio ZnCl2 to Sugarcane bagasse upto 1:1 then started to decrease. However, mesoporosity as well as surface area was increased progressively. The maximum value of iodine number (868 mg/g) was achieved in the AC prepared at impregnation ratio of ZnCl2 to sugarcane bagasse 1:1. SEM micrographs also show the presence of well developed pores on its surface of AC-1. The broad peaks in the XRD patterns indicated that, all the ACs is amorphous materials. From results, it is concluded that ZnCl2 concentration used in impregnation is effective for development of porosity and surface area of the AC prepared from Sugarcane bagasse.

Preparation and Characterization of Ionic Liquild Modified Clay and its Application in Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1588-1592
Author(s):  
Li Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Poly Propylene

Clay was organically modified with one kind of ionic liquild. Organical clay obtained was used to prepare poly(propylene) (PP)/clay nanocomposites by solution blending. Flourier transform infrared (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the ionic liquild was loaded in the galleries of organically modified clay. TGA result show the thermal stability of organically modified clay was superior to clay. XRD patterns indicated that the d-spacing of clay layers increased to 2.96 nm from 1.22 nm of clay. XRD patterns of PP/clay nanocomposites show that clay layers were dispersed in PP matrix by nanometer size.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium with Titanium Oxide (Cd-TiO2) Nanocomposite: Testing its Antibacterial Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2523-2529
Author(s):  
Daniel Sam N ◽  
Anish C I ◽  
Sabeena G ◽  
Rajaduraipandian S ◽  
Manobala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Sol gel methods were used for the study of the antimicrobial activity of Cd-TiO2 against gram-negative and positive bacteria. These Cd-TiO2 have been characterized by various optical and techniques. They have been exhibited by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The structures of the various XRD patterns indicate that the product has a structure. The particle size of Cd-TiO2 is 35nm. The SEM images confirm the spherical appearance of the sample. The energy X-ray spectra have been confirmed as well and then C, O, Ti, Cd, Pt element are present in Cd-TiO2. The weight percentage of Cadmium is 5.8%, Ti is 51.03%, C is 5.13% and O is 31.75% in Cd-TiO2. BET image shows that the major pore size distribution of Cd-TiO2 is ranged from 2.24 nm. The Cd-TiO2 that the antibacterial activity when tested against the pathogens only gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas. The zone of minimum inhibition concentration was measured in a range of 20mm in 25μl and 30mm in 100μl.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan obtained from Pacific White Shrimp Shells and its in vitro Antifungal Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2515-2519
Author(s):  
Arnannit Kuyyogsuy
Keyword(s):  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Shrimp Shells ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

In this article, a method for the processing of chitosan from Pacific white shrimp shells is developed which involves three steps viz. demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The samples of chitosan with more than 90% degree of deacetylation (DD%) were obtained by FTIR. This indicated that the current processing method of shrimp shells was beneficial for chitosan production. The morphology of chitosan sample was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns exhibited two peaks of crystalline character approximately at 10º and 20º (2θ). The effect of 0.1% (w/v) of chitosan on the growth of Penicillium digitatum was tested by an in vitro assay and the results showed an almost complete inhibition (98% ± 0.56).

Photocatalytic Analysis and Characterization of Zn2SnO4 Nanoparticles Synthesized via Hydrothermal Method with Na2CO3 Mineralizer

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shiang Wu ◽  
Wen Ku Chang ◽  
Min Jou
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Excellent Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Zinc stannate Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal process utilizing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as a weak basic mineralizer. The samples were hydrothermally treated at 150, 200, and 250oC for 48 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the highly-crystalline ZTO nanostructure could be formed in a well-dispersed manner for the 250°C sample at a particle size of less than 50 nm. As determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, ZTO nanoparticles are face-centered cubic single crystals agglomerated together. The Raman spectra results showed that the ZTO nanocrystals have a spinel structure. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity was tested with methylene blue (MB) by UV irradiation. The ZTO synthesized by the 2 M Na2CO3 mineralizer at 250oC demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity. The ZTO treated three different ways had three distinct UV-Visible absorption curves, which directly influences their corresponding photocatalytic activity.

Structural Characterization of a Glass Ceramic Developed from TiO2 and a Novel Material-Silica Xerogel Converted from Sago Waste Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haji Aripin ◽  
Seitaro Mitsudo ◽  
I Nyoman Sudiana ◽  
Nundang Busaeri ◽  
Bambang Sunendar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Silica Xerogel ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Synthesis Procedure ◽  
Sago Waste ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this paper, we present the synthesis procedure and the results of an investigation of a novel silica xerogel (SX) glass ceramic developed from an amorphous SX derived from sago waste ash that incorporates TiO2 as an additive. The studied compositions have been prepared by adding of either 20% or 80 wt% of TiO2 into SX, respectively. The samples have been dry pressed and sintered in the temperature range between 900°C and 1500°C. Their properties have been characterized on the basis of the experimental data obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. It has been found that an increase of the content of SX in the composition leads to an increase of the shift of the bandgap energy of TiO2. The analysis based on the interpretation of both XRD patterns and FTIR spectrum allows one to explain the shift in the bandgap energy by an enlargement of the crystallite size of TiO2 and by forming of more Si–O–Ti bonds in the samples with a smaller loading of TiO2.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Amidoxime-Modified Polyacrylonitrile/Fly Ash Composite Adsorbent and Its Application to Metal Wastewater Treatment

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Xiaojun Song ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Haochen Yu ◽  
Gangjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
High Degree

The polyacrylonitrile/fly ash composite was synthesized through solution polymerization and was modified with NH2OH·HCl. The amidoxime-modified polyacrylonitrile/fly ash composite demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity for Zn2+ in an aqueous medium. Fourier transform-Infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the prepared materials. The results showed that the resulting amidoxime-modified polyacrylonitrile/fly ash composite was able to effectively remove Zn2+ at pH 4–6. Adsorption of Zn2+ was hindered by the coexisting cations. The adsorption kinetics of Zn2+ by Zn2+ followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption process also satisfactorily fit the Langmuir model, and the adsorption process was mainly single layer. The Gibbs free energy ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 were negative, indicating the adsorption was a spontaneous, exothermic, and high degree of order in solution system.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Aluminophosphate AlPO4-5 Molecular Sieve

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Asir Alnaama
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Nanocrystalline aluminophosphate AlPO4-5 molecular sieves were synthesized by hydrothermal method (HTS). Synthesis parameters like time and temperature of crystallization were investigated. Type of template (R) and ratio of R/P2O5 were studied also. Characterization of the synthesized AlPO4-5 were done by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry analysis (DSC-TGA), and N2 adsorption-desorption BET analysis. XRD patterns results showed excellent crystallinity for two types of templates, di-n-propylamine (DPA) and tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) for alumminophosphate five (AFI) structure. Nano-level for particle size of 66 nm was revealed by AFM test. Good thermal stability was obtained in DSC-TGA results. Best time and temperature of crystallization of 24h and 190 O C were got. Optimum R/P2O5 for two kind of template was established.  

scholarly journals Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption of Copper (II) Ion on Moroccan Clay

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Hanane Essebaai ◽  
Ilham Ismi ◽  
Ahmed Lebkiri ◽  
Said Marzak ◽  
El Housseine Rifi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Study

Highly efficient low-cost adsorbent was applied for copper (II) ions uptake from aqueous solution. Characteristics of natural adsorbent were established using scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence, electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Various physicochemical parameters such as contact time, initial copper(II) ions concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH of copper (II) ions solution and temperature were investigated. The result showed that the adsorption of copper (II) ions by natural clay was favorable at pH=5,5. The adsorption was found to increase with increase in initial copper (II) ions concentration, and contact time. Equilibrium adsorption data were fitted using three isotherms and kinetic data tested with four kinetic models. Freundlich isotherm best described the adsorption of copper (II) ions onto utilised clay, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) was 8 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. It was found that copper (II) ions adsorption was spontaneous (ΔG°<0) and endothermic (ΔH°>0).

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