scholarly journals Preparation of LiFePO4/C Cathode Materials via a Green Synthesis Route for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongyue Liu ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Zhiwen Li ◽  
Qing Ding ◽  
Xiaoshuai An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exhaust Purification

In this work, LiFePO4/C composite were synthesized via a green route by using Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles, Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), glucose powder and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution as raw materials. The reaction principles for the synthesis of LiFePO4/C composite were analyzed, suggesting that almost no wastewater and air polluted gases are discharged into the environment. The morphological, structural and compositional properties of the LiFePO4/C composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra coupled with thermogravimetry/Differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) thermal analysis in detail. Lithium-ion batteries using such LiFePO4/C composite as cathode materials, where the loading level is 2.2 mg/cm2, exhibited excellent electrochemical performances, with a discharge capability of 161 mA h/g at 0.1 C, 119 mA h/g at 10 C and 93 mA h/g at 20 C, and a cycling stability with 98.0% capacity retention at 1 C after 100 cycles and 95.1% at 5 C after 200 cycles. These results provide a valuable approach to reduce the manufacturing costs of LiFePO4/C cathode materials due to the reduced process for the polluted exhaust purification and wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of Spherical LiFePO4/C Composites as Cathode Material of Lithium-Ion Batteries by a Novel Glucose Assisted Hydrothermal Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Feng Li ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Shu Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Discharge Capacity ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Structure Morphology

The LiFePO4/C composites with different morphology are synthesized by a novel glucose assisted hydrothermal method at various glucose concentrations (from 0 to 0.25mol/L) and the insoluble lithium source Li2CO3, (NH4)2Fe (SO4)2·6H2O and (NH4)2HPO4(n (Li):n (Fe):n (P)=1:1:1) are used as raw materials. The structure, morphology, thermal performance and electrochemical properties of the synthesized composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), galvanostatic charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that the LiFePO4/C synthesized with 0.125mol/L glucose has the relatively small particles size (0.1~0.5μm) and the well spherical morphology. The optimal sample exhibits a high discharge capacity of 160.0mAh/g at the first cycle and exhibits a good reversibility and stability in CV tests.

Preparation and Characterization of Ni2+-Montmorillonite/Polyvinyl Alcohol Water-Soluble Nanocomposite Film

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Yun-Pu Wang ◽  
Fa-Ai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Silicate Layers

A new type of nano-composite film was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol, Ni2+-montmorillonite (Ni2+-MMT), defoamer, a levelling agent and a plasticizer. Its thermal characteristics were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The intermolecular interactions were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (%E) were measured. The microstructures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FT-IR and XPS spectra indicated that cross-linking has taken place between PVA and Ni2+-MMT. XRD and AFM indicate that the PVA molecules had inserted themselves into the silicate layers of MMT, exfoliating them and dispersing them randomly into the PVA matrix. Compared to pure PVA film, the TS of the films was increased and %E decreased when the Ni2+-Montmorillonite was added and the dissolution temperature of the film was also reduced.

scholarly journals Enhanced Electrochemical Performances of Cobalt-Doped Li2MoO3 Cathode Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Yu ◽  
Jishen Hao ◽  
Wenji Li ◽  
Hanxing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Solid Phase Method ◽  
Better Than

Co-doped Li2MoO3 was successfully synthesized via a solid phase method. The impacts of Co-doping on Li2MoO3 have been analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. The results show that an appropriate amount of Co ions can be introduced into the Li2MoO3 lattices, and they can reduce the particle sizes of the cathode materials. Electrochemical tests reveal that Co-doping can significantly improve the electrochemical performances of the Li2MoO3 materials. Li2Mo0.90Co0.10O3 presents a first-discharge capacity of 220 mAh·g−1, with a capacity retention of 63.6% after 50 cycles at 5 mA·g−1, which is much better than the pristine samples (181 mAh·g−1, 47.5%). The enhanced electrochemical performances could be due to the enhancement of the structural stability, and the reduction in impedance, due to the Co-doping.

Preparation and Effect of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-Coated LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 3460-3465
Author(s):  
Mi-Ra Shin ◽  
Seon-Jin Lee ◽  
Seong-Jae Kim ◽  
Tae-Whan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Discharge Capacities

Surface coating using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) has been applied to improve the electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode materials. The APTES coating layer on the surface of NCM523 protects the direct contact area between the cathode material and the electrolyte, and facilitates the presence of electrons through the abundance of electron-rich amine groups, thereby improving electrochemical performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the existence of APTES coating layers on the surface of NCM523 cathode materials, revealing three peaks—N1s, O1s, and Si1s—that were not identified in bare NCM523. In addition, the discharge capacities of the bare electrode and the APTES-coated NCM523 electrode were 121.06 mAh/g and 156.43 mAh/g, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the use of an APTES coating on NCM523 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries has never been reported.

scholarly journals SiO2 Coated Li-rich Layered Oxides-Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 for efficient energy storage applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffin James Abraham ◽  
Umair Nisar ◽  
Haya Monawwar ◽  
Aisha Abdul Quddus ◽  
Abdul Shakoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Pure Material ◽  
X Ray

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are attractive for energy storage application. In this regard, lithium rich layered oxides (LLOs), are considered viable cathodes due to their tempting properties such as lower production cost, faster manufacturing process, excellent reversible capacity, and better electrochemical performance at high voltages. Despite these properties, LLOs lack in cyclic stability and inferior capacity retention. This study proposes a surface modification technique to overcome the above-mentioned limitations in which a layer of silica (SiO2) has been coated on the particles of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2. The Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 was synthesized by a sol-gel process and then coated with SiO2 (SiO2=1.0 wt. %, 1.5 wt. %, and 2.0 wt. %). The coatings were undertaken through a dry ball milling technique. Different characterization test such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were utilized to prove phase pure material formation and identify the SiO2 layer on the surface of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2. The electrochemical measurements, confirm the improvement in capacity retention and cyclability of SiO2 coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 samples with reference to the uncoated samples. This improvement can be ascribed to the protective and barrier effect of the coated layer on the LLOs particles avoiding any unwanted side reactions when the cathode is exposed to the electrolyte. A small trade-off between electrochemical performances and the coating thickness confirms the best efficiency of 1 wt.% SiO2 coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 when compared to other coated samples.

Performances and structure changes of neat PPS fiber and nano Ti-SiO2-modified PPS fiber after over-temperature oxidation

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Lian ◽  
Ruiping Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Lu ◽  
Jinming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Supramolecular Structures ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Changes

Neat polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber and nano titanium-silicon dioxide-modified PPS fibers (A-PPS) were submitted to an over-temperature in air environment at 200, 220, and 240°C for 24, 192, and 360 h, respectively. Molecular and supramolecular structures were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The outside color of the PPS fibers turned yellow and the mechanical properties were reduced after over-temperature, but the performances of the A-PPS fibers were better than that of the neat PPS fibers. The analyses of the molecular and supramolecular structures showed that the temperatures of 200 and 220°C could not change the crystalline form but could increase the crystallinity of the PPS fibers. The crystallization temperature high-shifted and the crystallization FWHM increased after over-temperature. More significant changes at 240°C could be observed such as breaking of the macromolecular chains, mutual cross-linking, and increase of the melting enthalpy to a higher value than the complete crystallization enthalpy of PPS. Cross-linking between the benzene rings and oxidation of the S atoms did not change the PPS crystalline form but decreased the lattice constant. XPS spectra showed that the cross-linking and oxidation of the S atoms of the PPS fibers mainly came from the breaking of the C–S–C bonds, while the break ratio of the C–S–C bonds was relatively smaller in the case of the A-PPS fibers.

Effect of nano-sized cerium–zirconium oxide solid solution on far-infrared emission properties of tourmaline powders

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (30) ◽  
pp. 1550183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Guo ◽  
Liqing Yang ◽  
Weijie Hu ◽  
Wenlong Li ◽  
Haojing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Emission Property ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Emission Properties

Far-infrared functional nanocomposites were prepared by the co-precipitation method using natural tourmaline [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or vacancy; [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; and [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text] powders, ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate and zirconium(IV) nitrate pentahydrate as raw materials. The reference sample, tourmaline modified with ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate alone was also prepared by a similar precipitation route. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that tourmaline modified with Ce and Zr has a better far-infrared emission property than tourmaline modified with Ce alone. Through characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the mechanism for oxygen evolution during the heat process in the two composite materials was systematically studied. The XPS spectra show that [Formula: see text] ratio inside tourmaline modified with Ce alone can be raised by doping Zr. Moreover, it is showed that there is a higher [Formula: see text] ratio inside the tourmaline modified with Ce and Zr than tourmaline modified with Ce alone. In addition, XRD results indicate the formation of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] crystallites during the heat treatment and further TEM observations show they exist as nanoparticles on the surface of tourmaline powders. Based on these results, we attribute the improved far-infrared emission properties of Ce–Zr doped tourmaline to the enhanced unit cell shrinkage of the tourmaline arisen from much more oxidation of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] inside the tourmaline caused by the change in the catalyst redox properties of [Formula: see text] brought about by doping with [Formula: see text]. In all samples, tourmaline modified with 7.14 wt.% Ce and 1.86 wt.% Zr calcined at 800[Formula: see text]C for 5 h has the best far-infrared emission property with the maximum emissivity value of 98%.

Chemical and Mineralogical Characterizations of Cobalt Precursor Recovered from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries with Incineration Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Ya Qun He ◽  
Lin Han Ge ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Shan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Chemical State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Incineration Process

The chemical and mineralogical characterizations of cobalt precursor recovered from spent lithium-ion batteries with incineration process was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It indicates that Co exists in the form of LiCoO2. However, after thermal treatment, complex products including LiCoO2, Co3O4, and Co2AlO4 etc. generated, in which Co3O4 has strong signal. The XPS spectra shows that Li(1-x)CoO2 and LiCoO2 are the main chemical state of Co in the original sample, but after thermal treatment, the chemical state changes to Co3O4. Besides, there are undecomposed Li(1-x)CoO2, CoF3 and Co. Analyses indicate that Co is enriched after thermal treatment and chemical state of some Co have been certified.

scholarly journals Electrochemical study on nickel aluminum layered double hydroxides as high-performance electrode material for lithium-ion batteries based on sodium alginate binder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Li ◽  
Marco Fortunato ◽  
Anna Maria Cardinale ◽  
Angelina Sarapulova ◽  
Christian Njel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Study ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Storage Mechanism

AbstractNickel aluminum layered double hydroxide (NiAl LDH) with nitrate in its interlayer is investigated as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The effect of the potential range (i.e., 0.01–3.0 V and 0.4–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li) and of the binder on the performance of the material is investigated in 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC vs. Li. The NiAl LDH electrode based on sodium alginate (SA) binder shows a high initial discharge specific capacity of 2586 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and good stability in the potential range of 0.01–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li, which is better than what obtained with a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-based electrode. The NiAl LDH electrode with SA binder shows, after 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, a cycling retention of 42.2% with a capacity of 697 mAh g−1 and at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1 shows a retention of 27.6% with a capacity of 388 mAh g−1 over 1400 cycles. In the same conditions, the PVDF-based electrode retains only 15.6% with a capacity of 182 mAh g−1 and 8.5% with a capacity of 121 mAh g−1, respectively. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal a conversion reaction mechanism during Li+ insertion into the NiAl LDH material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS have been combined with the electrochemical study to understand the effect of different cutoff potentials on the Li-ion storage mechanism. Graphical abstract The as-prepared NiAl-NO3−-LDH with the rhombohedral R-3 m space group is investigated as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The effect of the potential range (i.e., 0.01–3.0 V and 0.4–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li) and of the binder on the material’s performance is investigated in 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC vs. Li. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal a conversion reaction mechanism during Li+ insertion into the NiAl LDH material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS have been combined with the electrochemical study to understand the effect of different cutoff potentials on the Li-ion storage mechanism. This work highlights the possibility of the direct application of NiAl LDH materials as negative electrodes for LIBs.

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