scholarly journals Composite Based on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (HA/β-TCP) and Nanocellulose from the Açaí Tegument

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Valentim ◽  
Sabina Andrade ◽  
Maria dos Santos ◽  
Aline Santos ◽  
Victor Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

The use of lignocellulosic remnants of the açaí agro-business will benefit the environment with a precursor material for biomedical applications. Nanocellulose (NC) allows the biomimetic growth of biphasic ceramics on its surface, with characteristics compatible with bone tissue, including bioactive properties and biocompatibility. In this study, the composites were obtained from açaí tegument (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.) NC using acid hydrolysis. The characterization performed by scanning electron microscopy showed the characteristic crystals of hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium triphosphate (β-TCP) based on the results of X-ray diffraction, with the peak at 22°, showing the NC nucleation of HA and peak at 17° showing tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of O-H at 3400 cm−1 and C-H at 2900 cm−1, which is characteristic of cellulose; peaks were also observed at 1609 cm−1, verifying the reduction in lignin content. Groups PO4−3 at approximately 1070 cm−1, P-OH at 910–1040 cm−1, and HCO3− at 2450 cm−1 confirmed the formation of HA and β-TCP. The zeta potential had a range of −11 ± 23.8 mV related to particle size, which had a range of 164.2 × 10−9–4748 × 10−9 m.

Synthesis of Zinc Doped-Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Nanopowder via Sol-Gel Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 614-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunawan ◽  
I. Sopyan ◽  
A. Naqshbandi ◽  
S. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Scanning Electron

Biphasic calcium phosphate powders doped with zinc (Zn-doped BCP) were synthesized via sol-gel technique. Different concentrations of Zn have been successfully incorporated into biphasic calcium (BCP) phases namely: 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 15%. The synthesized powders were calcined at temperatures of 700-900°C. The calcined Zn-doped BCP powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the phases present in Zn-doped are hydroxyapatite, β- TCP and parascholzite. Moreover, FTIR analysis of the synthesized powders depicted that the bands of HPO4 increased meanwhile O-H decreased with an increase in the calcination temperature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results showed the agglomeration of particles into microscale aggregates with size of the agglomerates tending to increase with an increase in the dopant concentration.

Characterization of Electrophoretically Deposited Chitosan Coatings on Ti13Zr13Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Łosiewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Dercz ◽  
Magdalena Szklarska ◽  
Wojciech Simka ◽  
Marta Łężniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bioactive Coatings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Deposition Conditions

The chitosan (CH) coatings on a Ti13Zr13Nb alloy substrate were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The EPD yield was investigated under different deposition conditions. The microstructure of the CH coatings obtained by cataphoresis was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the chemical composition was examined using EDAX. The functional groups and formed phases were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. It was found that the CH coating thickness and porosity can be controlled by time and voltage used for the EPD process. It was ascertained that the studied EPD of the natural biopolymer, chitosan, in aqueous solution is applicable for the surface modification of the Ti13Zr13Nb implants to develop novel bioactive coatings.

Effect of electrospinning parameters on the characterization of PLA/HNT nanocomposite fibers

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Touny ◽  
Joseph G. Lawrence ◽  
Andrew D. Jones ◽  
Sarit B. Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanocomposite Fibers ◽  
Scanning Electron

Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite fibers were produced using an electrospinning approach for biomedical applications. The PLA/HNT nanocomposite fibers were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The various factors such as type of solvent, solution concentration, HNT loading and feed rate, affecting the electrospinning process, and the morphology of the nanofibers were investigated, and the optimum values for these parameters are suggested. The results indicated that the addition of dimethylformamide (DMF) to chloroform facilitated the electrospinning process because of the improvement in electrical conductivity and viscosity of the solution. Nanometer-sized fibers were obtained by the addition of HNT to PLA. HNT loadings had a significant effect on the morphology of the nanofibers. Bead-free fibers were produced at feed rates between 1 and 4 mL/h.

Obtaining of Nanoapatite in Ti-7.5Mo Surface after Nanotube Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L.A. Escada ◽  
João Paulo Barros Machado ◽  
Roberto Zenhei Nakazato ◽  
Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Nanotube Growth ◽  
Scanning Electron

Titanium and their alloys have been used for biomedical applications due their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, they are considered bioinerts materials because when they are inserted into the human body they are cannot form a chemical bond with bone. In several studies, the authors have attempted to modify their characteristic with treatments that changes the material surface. The purpose of this work was to evaluate obtaining of nanoapatite after growing of the nanotubes in surface of Ti-7.5Mo alloy. Alloy was obtained from c.p. titanium and molibdenium by using an arc-melting furnace. Ingots were submitted to heat treatment and they were cold worked by swaging. Nanotubes were processed using anodic oxidation of alloy in electrolyte solution. Surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), FEG-SEM and thin-film x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that nanoapatite coating could form on surface of Ti-7.5Mo experimental alloy after nanotubes growth.

Production of Nanostructured Ni-Ti-Ag Alloy by Mechanical Alloying

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Abbas Rostami ◽  
Seyyed Khatiboleslam Sadrnezhaad ◽  
Gholam Ali Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Homogenous Distribution ◽  
B2 Phase ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Scanning Electron

Because of corrosion resistance and antibacterial effects, shape memory Ni-Ti-Ag alloy can be considered for different biomedical applications. Mechanical alloying is used to produce nanostructured Ni-Ti-Ag alloy from elemental powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) are used to characterize the product. Results show that after 1h milling, homogenous distribution of the elements occurs; while no intermetallic compounds is observed. After 3h milling, titanium dissolves in nickel to form amorphous and nanostructured solid phases. Peaks of B2 phase appear in the XRD pattern after the 3h milling of the powder mixture. Sintering of the 3h-milled mixture at 1223 K leads to the formation of NiTi intermetallic compound; while titanium disappears, the content of the element nickel reduces and grain growth takes place.

Influence of Strontium on In Vitro Bioactivity of Heat-Treated Porous Ca-P Ceramics on Titanium for Biomedical Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 453-457
Author(s):  
Kuan Chen Kung ◽  
Tzer Min Lee ◽  
Truan Sheng Lui
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Apatite Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Apatite Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Scanning Electron

The bioactivity of materials was evaluated based on the ability to induce a bond-like apatite layer on the surface in simulated body fluid (SBF). The aim of this study was to investigate the coatings containing strontium on bioactivity after heat treatment. After the materials were soaked in SBF for 1 day, precipitates did not form on the surface of heat-treated MAO coating without strontium. The precipitates were observed on surface of heat-treated MAO coatings containing strontium. After 7 days, the surface of heat-treated MAO coatings containing strontium was completely covered with precipitates. The precipitates were found to be composed of fiber structures using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phase was identified as the apatite phase using thin film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD). The results show that heat-treated MAO coatings containing strontium can induce the formation of an apatite layer on their surface. All finding in this study indicated that heat-treated MAO coatings containing strontium have good bioactivity for clinical applications.

Highly efficient biphasic calcium-phosphate coating procedure with an enhanced coating yield and protein incorporation rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1428-1437
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Shuyi Li ◽  
Jianhua Niu ◽  
Min Yi ◽  
Weixing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Coating ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coating Procedure ◽  
Protein Incorporation

A biphasic calcium-phosphate (CaP)-coating is a promising surface modification for functionalizing various endosseous biomaterials. However, its biomedical application is limited by its low coating yield and incorporation inefficiency. We developed a highly concentrated (4.5×) supersaturated calcium-phosphate solution (SCPS) and compared its physicochemical properties with those of 1× SCPS. One milliliter of 4.5× SCPS formed a thick (110 μm) continuous coating on a titanium disc (4×4×1 mm), compared to the thin (29 μm) 1× SCPScoating. On X-ray diffraction analysis, the 4.5× SCPS-coating had characteristic dicalcium-phosphate dehydrate and apatite peaks, in contrast to the apatite-only of 1× SCPS-coating. Under acidic condition (pH 4.5), the 4. × 5SCPS-coating released significantly less Ca2+ than the 1× SCPS-coating. FITC-bovine serum albumin incorporation in the 4.5× SCPS-coating (81.20±6.42%) was significantly higher than in the 1× SCPS-coating (21.86±1.90%). Thus, this modified coating procedure holds promise for biomedical applications.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

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