scholarly journals Solid Oxide Electrochemical Systems: Material Degradation Processes and Novel Mitigation Approaches

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Reisert ◽  
Ashish Aphale ◽  
Prabhakar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Ceramic Oxides ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
Material Efficiency

Solid oxide electrochemical systems, such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), and oxygen transport membranes (OTM) enable clean and reliable production of energy or fuel for a range of applications, including, but not limited to, residential, commercial, industrial, and grid-support. These systems utilize solid-state ceramic oxides which offer enhanced stability, fuel flexibility, and high energy conversion efficiency throughout operation. However, the nature of system conditions, such as high temperatures, complex redox atmosphere, and presence of volatile reactive species become taxing on solid oxide materials and limit their viability during long-term operation. Ongoing research efforts to identify the material corrosion and degradation phenomena, as well as discover possible mitigation techniques to extend material efficiency and longevity, is the current focus of the research and industrial community. In this review, degradation processes in select solid oxide electrochemical systems, system components, and comprising materials will be discussed. Overall degradation phenomena are presented and certain degradation mechanisms are discussed. State-of-the-art technologies to mitigate or minimize the above-mentioned degradation processes are presented.

scholarly journals Progress in Metal-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Ceramist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-367
Author(s):  
Young-Wan Ju
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Metal Support

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been attracting much attention as alternative energy conversion devices due to their high energy conversion efficiency and fuel flexibility. In current SOFCs, Ni-based Cermet anode, solid oxide electrolyte and ceramic cathode have been used. Since all components are ceramic-based materials, there is a problem in that mechanical strength and durability against thermal shock. In order to solve this problem, metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells have designed. Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells provide significant advantages such as low materials cost, ruggedness, and tolerance to rapid thermal cycling and redox cycling. This paper review the types of metal supports used in metal-based solid oxide fuel cells and the advantages and disadvantages of each metal support.

Current progress and performance improvement of Pt/C catalysts for fuel cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (46) ◽  
pp. 24284-24306
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Ren ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Anmin Liu ◽  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Qianyuan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
High Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
And Performance

Fuel cell is an electrochemical device, which can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, without heat process, not limited by Carnot cycle, high energy conversion efficiency, no noise and pollution.

scholarly journals Progressive activation of degradation processes in solid oxide fuel cell stacks: Part II: Spatial distribution of the degradation

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 434-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arata Nakajo ◽  
Fabian Mueller ◽  
Jacob Brouwer ◽  
Jan Van herle ◽  
Daniel Favrat
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Degradation Processes

Surge Prevention Techniques for a Turbocharged Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mantelli ◽  
M. L. Ferrari ◽  
A. Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Oxide Fuel

Abstract Pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems are one of the most promising technologies to achieve high energy conversion efficiencies and reduce pollutant emissions. The most common solution for pressurization is the integration with a micro gas turbine, a device capable of exploiting the residual energy of the exhaust gas to compress the fuel cell air intake and, at the same time, generating additional electrical power. The focus of this study is on an alternative layout, based on an automotive turbocharger, which has been more recently considered by the research community to improve cost effectiveness at small size (< 100 kW), despite reducing slightly the top achievable performance. Such turbocharged SOFC system poses two main challenges. On one side, the absence of an electrical generator does not allow the direct control of the rotational speed, which is determined by the power balance between turbine and compressor. On the other side, the presence of a large volume between compressor and turbine, due to the fuel cell stack, alters the dynamic behavior of the turbocharger during transients, increasing the risk of compressor surge. The pressure oscillations associated with such event are particularly detrimental for the system, because they could easily damage the materials of the fuel cells. The aim of this paper is to investigate different techniques to drive the operative point of the compressor far from the surge condition when needed, reducing the risks related to transients and increasing its reliability. By means of a system dynamic model, developed using the TRANSEO simulation tool by TPG, the effect of different anti-surge solutions is simulated: (i) intake air conditioning, (ii) water spray at compressor inlet, (iii) air bleed and recirculation, and (iv) installation of an ejector at the compressor intake. The pressurized fuel cell system is simulated with two different control strategies, i.e. constant fuel mass flow and constant turbine inlet temperature. Different solutions are evaluated based on surge margin behavior, both in the short and long terms, but also monitoring other relevant physical quantities of the system, such as compressor pressure ratio and turbocharger rotational speed.

Direct-Write Piezoelectric Polymeric Nanogenerator with High Energy Conversion Efficiency

Nano Letters ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 726-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieh Chang ◽  
Van H. Tran ◽  
Junbo Wang ◽  
Yiin-Kuen Fuh ◽  
Liwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
High Energy Conversion Efficiency

A Grid Connected Flyback Inverter with a DC Active Filter for Photovoltaic Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 406-409
Author(s):  
Dome Sulong ◽  
Chuttchaval Jeraputra
Keyword(s):  
Current Mode ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Active Filter ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
High Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Sinusoidal Current ◽  
Dc Current ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the design and control of a grid-connected flyback inverter with a DC active filter for photovoltaic (PV) cells. The proposed topology consists of a flyback DC-AC inverter and a DC active filter that can operate independently. The flyback inverter, controlled in digital peak current mode, regulates the full-wave rectified sinusoidal current later, which is alternately inverted and injected into the grid. The DC active filter regulates the smooth current/power drawn from a PV module by using cascaded proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Analysis, design and control of the proposed topology are presented. A 100W/220V/50Hz prototype is developed and tested. The experimental results show that the proposed flyback inverter with a DC active filter is capable of regulating a sinusoidal current fed into the grid, actively filtering the DC current/power and achieving reasonably high energy conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals A Mössbauer spectral study of degradation in La0.58Sr0.4Fe0.5Co0.5O3− after long-term operation in solid oxide electrolysis cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Mahmoud ◽  
Mahmoud Al Daroukh ◽  
Marta Lipinska-Chwalek ◽  
Martina Luysberg ◽  
Frank Tietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Study ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

scholarly journals Perspective on advanced nanomaterials used for energy storage and conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuanyi Huang ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Cuixia Li ◽  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Giovanni A. Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Energy Materials

Abstract To drive the next ‘technical revolution’ towards commercialization, we must develop sustainable energy materials, procedures, and technologies. The demand for electrical energy is unlikely to diminish over the next 50 years, and how different countries engage in these challenges will shape future discourse. This perspective summarizes the technical aspects of nanomaterials’ design, evaluation, and uses. The applications include solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), microbial fuel cells (MFC), supercapacitors, and hydrogen evolution catalysts. This paper also described energy carriers such as ammonia which can be produced electrochemically using SOEC under ambient pressure and high temperature. The rise of electric vehicles has necessitated some form of onboard storage of fuel or charge. The fuels can be generated using an electrolyzer to convert water to hydrogen or nitrogen and steam to ammonia. The charge can be stored using a symmetrical supercapacitor composed of tertiary metal oxides with self-regulating properties to provide high energy and power density. A novel metal boride system was constructed to absorb microwave radiation under harsh conditions to enhance communication systems. These resources can lower the demand for petroleum carbon in portable power devices or replace higher fossil carbon in stationary power units. To improve the energy conversion and storage efficiency, we systematically optimized synthesis variables of nanomaterials using artificial neural network approaches. The structural characterization and electrochemical performance of the energy materials and devices provide guidelines to control new structures and related properties. Systemic study on energy materials and technology provides a feasible transition from traditional to sustainable energy platforms. This perspective mainly covers the area of green chemistry, evaluation, and applications of nanomaterials generated in our laboratory with brief literature comparison where appropriate. The conceptual and experimental innovations outlined in this perspective are neither complete nor authoritative but a snapshot of selecting technologies that can generate green power using nanomaterials.

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