scholarly journals Vehiculation of Active Principles as a Way to Create Smart and Biofunctional Textiles

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Lis Arias ◽  
Luisa Coderch ◽  
Meritxell Martí ◽  
Cristina Alonso ◽  
Oscar García Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Citronella Oil

In some specific fields of application (e.g., cosmetics, pharmacy), textile substrates need to incorporate sensible molecules (active principles) that can be affected if they are sprayed freely on the surface of fabrics. The effect is not controlled and sometimes this application is consequently neglected. Microencapsulation and functionalization using biocompatible vehicles and polymers has recently been demonstrated as an interesting way to avoid these problems. The use of defined structures (polymers) that protect the active principle allows controlled drug delivery and regulation of the dosing in every specific case. Many authors have studied the use of three different methodologies to incorporate active principles into textile substrates, and assessed their quantitative behavior. Citronella oil, as a natural insect repellent, has been vehicularized with two different protective substances; cyclodextrine (CD), which forms complexes with it, and microcapsules of gelatin-arabic gum. The retention capability of the complexes and microcapsules has been assessed using an in vitro experiment. Structural characteristics have been evaluated using thermogravimetric methods and microscopy. The results show very interesting long-term capability of dosing and promising applications for home use and on clothes in environmental conditions with the need to fight against insects. Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and gallic acid (GA) have both been vehicularized using two liposomic-based structures: Internal wool lipids (IWL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). They were applied on polyamide and cotton substrates and the delivery assessed. The amount of active principle in the different layers of skin was determined in vitro using a Franz-cell diffusion chamber. The results show many new possibilities for application in skin therapeutics. Biofunctional devices with controlled functionality can be built using textile substrates and vehicles. As has been demonstrated, their behavior can be assessed using in vitro methods that make extrapolation to their final applications possible.

scholarly journals Stability Assessment of Four Chimeric Proteins for Human Chagas Disease Immunodiagnosis

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon ◽  
Leonardo Maia Leony ◽  
Ueriton Dias Oliveira ◽  
Natália Erdens Maron Freitas ◽  
Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability

The performance of an immunoassay relies on antigen-antibody interaction; hence, antigen chemical stability and structural integrity are paramount for an efficient assay. We conducted a functional, thermostability and long-term stability analysis of different chimeric antigens (IBMP), in order to assess effects of adverse conditions on four antigens employed in ELISA to diagnose Chagas disease. ELISA-based immunoassays have served as a model for biosensors development, as both assess molecular interactions. To evaluate thermostability, samples were heated and cooled to verify heat-induced denaturation reversibility. In relation to storage stability, the antigens were analyzed at 25 °C at different moments. Long-term stability tests were performed using eight sets of microplates sensitized. Antigens were structurally analyzed through circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering, SDS-PAGE, and functionally evaluated by ELISA. Data suggest that IBMP antigens are stable, over adverse conditions and for over a year. Daily analysis revealed minor changes in the molecular structure. Functionally, IBMP-8.2 and IBMP-8.3 antigens showed reactivity towards anti-T. cruzi antibodies, even after 72 h at 25 °C. Long-term stability tests showed that all antigens were comparable to the control group and all antigens demonstrated stability for one year. Data suggest that the antigens maintained their function and structural characteristics even in adverse conditions, making them a sturdy and reliable candidate to be employed in future in vitro diagnostic tests applicable to different models of POC devices, such as modern biosensors in development.

The use of in vitro methods for plant genetic conservation

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wilkins ◽  
T. Bengochea ◽  
J. H. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Controlled Conditions

The preservation of genetically stable tissue for future propagation is of fundamental importance to plant breeders. In many cases this can be done by storing seed under carefully controlled conditions but there are many plants for which this is not possible or may not be economically feasible. This article reviews current techniques of long-term conservation of plant genetic material by tissue culture methods.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the liposomal form of fenoterol after improving the method of obtaining it

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Tatiana M. Ustinova ◽  
Nikolai Vengerovich ◽  
Mikhail A. Judin
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Liposomal Form ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Stability

The effect of different concentrations of cryoprotector (sucrose) on the efficiency of fenoterol inclusion in the lipid matrix during lyophilization has been studied. It has been shown that the liposomal form with the content of cryoprotector in the internal environment of liposomes 2.5 % and in the external environment equal to 2 % provides long-term preservation of the drug in the liposome cavity. Under these conditions, it is possible to achieve a monodisperse distribution of particles with an average diameter of 4.281.62 m. The assumed quantitative composition of the cryoprotector ensures the manufacturability of the liposome production process, increases the stability of the lyophilizate structure and prevents the particles from sticking together, ensuring their uniformity. The profile of two-stage release of fenoterol from the liposomal form has been shown in vitro. The first stage of rapid release was characterized by a transition to free form within 15 minutes to 42 % of the encapsulated fenoterol. At the second stage, the active principle was released more slowly for 480 minutes. The model of bronchospasm induced by 1% histamine has shown the advantage of the liposomal form of fenoterol in comparison with its free form in the form of an aqueous solution. Intra-tracheal administration of the liposomal form of fenoterol at a dose of 17 ukg/kg provided for 360 minutes the preservation of external respiratory function at the level of initial values, despite histamine inhalation, while the duration of action of fenoterol did not exceed 120 minutes.

In vivo motility of the unobstructed fallopian tube

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Guha ◽  
G. P. Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Impedance Change ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment

Current methods of recording the fallopian tube motility in vivo essentially measure the intraluminal pressure. Diametral change is another parameter which can provide additional useful information related to tubal function. A method for in vivo monitoring of diametral change without obstructing the lumen and based on the impedance measurement technique has been proposed. An in vitro comparison of wall displacement with transtubal electrical impedance change shows that the impedance changes reflect diametral changes. Another in vitro experiment in which the autorhythmicity of contractions was maintained by means of a perfusion bath indicates that the impedance changes are primarily due to the contraction of the circular muscles of the fallopian tube. These studies were followed up with long-term chronic implantations with dual probes on the isthmic and ampullar regions of the tube in female rabbits. Inpedance changes over periods as long as 6 mo could be readily obtained. Histological observations as well as fertility studies support the conclusion that the tube is minimally affected by the placement of the probes.

Use of light microscopy in the qualitative and quantitative study of liquid crystalline order

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Order ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Convenient Technique ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Materials ◽  
Transparent Windows

Light microscopy is a convenient technique for characterizing molecular order in fluid liquid crystalline materials. Microstructures can usually be observed under the actual conditions that promote the formation of liquid crystalline phases, whether or not a solvent is required, and at temperatures that can range from the boiling point of nitrogen to 600°C. It is relatively easy to produce specimens that are sufficiently thin and flat, simply by confining a droplet between glass cover slides. Specimens do not need to be conducting, and they do not have to be maintained in a vacuum. Drybox or other controlled environmental conditions can be maintained in a sealed chamber equipped with transparent windows; some heating/ freezing stages can be used for this purpose. It is relatively easy to construct a modified stage so that the generation and relaxation of global molecular order can be observed while specimens are being sheared, simulating flow conditions that exist during processing. Also, light only rarely affects the chemical composition or molecular weight distribution of the sample. Because little or no processing is required after collecting the sample, one can be confident that biologically derived materials will reveal many of their in vivo structural characteristics, even though microscopy is performed in vitro.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Human thymic epithelial cells maintain long-term survival of clonogenic myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuto Takenaka ◽  
Mine Harada ◽  
Tomoaki Fujisaki ◽  
Koji Nagafuji ◽  
Shinichi Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells

Human liver cell cultivation for long-term in vitro toxicity studies in a miniaturized multi-compartment 3D bioreactor system

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Hoffmann ◽  
M Lübberstedt ◽  
U Müller-Vieira ◽  
D Knobeloch ◽  
A Nüssler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cell ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Cell Cultivation ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Human Liver Cell ◽  
Bioreactor System

Anti-amnesic activity screening of the seed ethanol extracts of Turkish Paeonia taxa by in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sevim ◽  
FS Senol ◽  
I Orhan ◽  
B Şener ◽  
E Kaya
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Ethanol Extracts
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