scholarly journals Review on the Production of Polysaccharide Aerogel Particles

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathirvel Ganesan ◽  
Tatiana Budtova ◽  
Lorenz Ratke ◽  
Pavel Gurikov ◽  
Victor Baudron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Supercritical Drying ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Solvent Exchange ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Potential Scale ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Wet Particles

A detailed study of the production of polysaccharide aerogel (bio-aerogel) particles from lab to pilot scale is surveyed in this article. An introduction to various droplets techniques available in the market is given and compared with the lab scale production of droplets using pipettes and syringes. An overview of the mechanisms of gelation of polysaccharide solutions together with non-solvent induced phase separation option is then discussed in the view of making wet particles. The main steps of particle recovery and solvent exchange are briefly described in order to pass through the final drying process. Various drying processes are overviewed and the importance of supercritical drying is highlighted. In addition, we present the characterization techniques to analyse the morphology and properties of the aerogels. The case studies of bio-aerogel (agar, alginate, cellulose, chitin, κ-carrageenan, pectin and starch) particles are reviewed. Potential applications of polysaccharide aerogel particles are briefly given. Finally, the conclusions summarize the prospects of the potential scale-up methods for producing bio-aerogel particles.

scholarly journals Pilot-Scale Production of Chito-Oligosaccharides Using an Innovative Recombinant Chitosanase Preparation Approach

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Cheng ◽  
Chia-Huang Tsai ◽  
Pei-Jyun Liou ◽  
Chi-Hang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Selective Precipitation ◽  
Pilot Scale Production

For pilot-scale production of chito-oligosaccharides, it must be cost-effective to prepare designable recombinant chitosanase. Herein, an efficient method for preparing recombinant Bacillus chitosanase from Escherichia coli by elimination of undesirable substances as a precipitate is proposed. After an optimized culture with IPTG (Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside) induction, the harvested cells were resuspended, disrupted by sonication, divided by selective precipitation, and stored using the same solution conditions. Several factors involved in these procedures, including ion types, ionic concentration, pH, and bacterial cell density, were examined. The optimal conditions were inferred to be pH = 4.5, 300 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and cell density below 1011 cells/mL. Finally, recombinant chitosanase was purified to >70% homogeneity with an activity recovery and enzyme yield of 90% and 106 mg/L, respectively. When 10 L of 5% chitosan was hydrolyzed with 2500 units of chitosanase at ambient temperature for 72 h, hydrolyzed products having molar masses of 833 ± 222 g/mol with multiple degrees of polymerization (chito-dimer to tetramer) were obtained. This work provided an economical and eco-friendly preparation of recombinant chitosanase to scale up the hydrolysis of chitosan towards tailored oligosaccharides in the near future.

scholarly journals Pilot-scale production of expansile nanoparticles: Practical methods for clinical scale-up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron H. Colby ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Robert P. Doyle ◽  
Alyssa Merting ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Clinical Scale ◽  
Pilot Scale Production

Fermented Nut-Based Vegan Food: Characterization of a Home made Product and Scale-Up to an Industrial Pilot-Scale Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Tabanelli ◽  
Federica Pasini ◽  
Ylenia Riciputi ◽  
Lucia Vannini ◽  
Giorgia Gozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pilot Scale Production

scholarly journals Heterotrophy as a tool to overcome the long and costly autotrophic scale-up process for large scale production of microalgae

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barros ◽  
H. Pereira ◽  
J. Campos ◽  
A. Marques ◽  
J. Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Large Scale Production

Abstract Industrial scale-up of microalgal cultures is often a protracted step prone to culture collapse and the occurrence of unwanted contaminants. To solve this problem, a two-stage scale-up process was developed – heterotrophically Chlorella vulgaris cells grown in fermenters (1st stage) were used to directly inoculate an outdoor industrial autotrophic microalgal production unit (2nd stage). A preliminary pilot-scale trial revealed that C. vulgaris cells grown heterotrophically adapted readily to outdoor autotrophic growth conditions (1-m3 photobioreactors) without any measurable difference as compared to conventional autotrophic inocula. Biomass concentration of 174.5 g L−1, the highest value ever reported for this microalga, was achieved in a 5-L fermenter during scale-up using the heterotrophic route. Inocula grown in 0.2- and 5-m3 industrial fermenters with mean productivity of 27.54 ± 5.07 and 31.86 ± 2.87 g L−1 d−1, respectively, were later used to seed several outdoor 100-m3 tubular photobioreactors. Overall, all photobioreactor cultures seeded from the heterotrophic route reached standard protein and chlorophyll contents of 52.18 ± 1.30% of DW and 23.98 ± 1.57 mg g−1 DW, respectively. In addition to providing reproducible, high-quality inocula, this two-stage approach led to a 5-fold and 12-fold decrease in scale-up time and occupancy area used for industrial scale-up, respectively.

scholarly journals Scale-up of Electrospinning: Market Overview of Products and Devices for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Purposes

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Safaa Omer ◽  
László Forgách ◽  
Romána Zelkó ◽  
István Sebe
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications

Recently, the electrospinning (ES) process has been extensively studied due to its potential applications in various fields, particularly pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes. The production rate using typical ES technology is usually around 0.01–1 g/h, which is lower than pharmaceutical industry production requirements. Therefore, different companies have worked to develop electrospinning equipment, technological solutions, and electrospun materials into large-scale production. Different approaches have been explored to scale-up the production mainly by increasing the nanofiber jet through multiple needles, free-surface technologies, and hybrid methods that use an additional energy source. Among them, needleless and centrifugal methods have gained the most attention and applications. Besides, the production rate reached (450 g/h in some cases) makes these methods feasible in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study overviews and compares the most recent ES approaches successfully developed for nanofibers’ large-scale production and accompanying challenges with some examples of applied approaches in drug delivery systems. Besides, various types of commercial products and devices released to the markets have been mentioned.

scholarly journals Polysaccharide-Based Aerogel Bead Production via Jet Cutting Method

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imke Preibisch ◽  
Philipp Niemeyer ◽  
Yusuf Yusufoglu ◽  
Pavel Gurikov ◽  
Barbara Milow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Supercritical Drying ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Solvent Exchange ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Ph Adjustment

The aim of this work is to develop a method to produce spherical biopolymer-based aerogel particles, which is capable for scale-up in the future. Therefore, the jet cutting method is suggested. Amidated pectin, sodium alginate, and chitosan are used as a precursor (a 1–3 wt. % solution) for particle production via jet cutting. Gelation is realized via two methods: the internal setting method (using calcium carbonate particles as cross-linkers and citric and acidic acid for pH adjustment) and the diffusion method (in calcium chloride solutions). Gel particles are subjected to solvent exchange to ethanol and consequent supercritical drying with CO2. Spherical aerogel particles with narrow particle size distributions in the range of 400 to 1500 µm and a specific surface area of around 500 m2/g are produced. Overall, it can be concluded that the jet cutting method is suitable for aerogel particle production, although the shape of the particles is not perfectly spherical in all cases. However, parameter adjustment might lead to even better shaped particles in further work. Moreover, the biopolymer-based aerogel particles synthesized in this study are tested as humidity absorbers in drying units for home appliances, particularly for dishwashers. It has been shown that for several cycles of absorption and desorption of humidity, aerogel particles are stable with an absorption capacity of around 20 wt. %.

scholarly journals Biopolymer-Based Aerogel Bead Production via Jet Cutting Method

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imke Preibisch ◽  
Philipp Niemeyer ◽  
Yusuf Yusufoglu ◽  
Pavel Gurikov ◽  
Barbara Milow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Supercritical Drying ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Solvent Exchange ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
And Diffusion

The aim of this work is to develop a method to produce spherical biopolymer-based aerogel particles, which is capable for scale up in the future. Therefore, jet cutting method is suggested. Amidated pectin and sodium alginate were used as precursor (1–3 wt. % solution) for particle production via jet cutting. Gelation was realized via two methods: internal setting method (using calcium carbonate particles as cross-linker and citric and acidic acid for pH adjustment) and diffusion method (in calcium chloride solutions). Gel particles were subjected to solvent exchange to ethanol and consequent supercritical drying with CO2. Spherical aerogel particles with narrow particle size distribution in the range of 400 to 1500 µm and with specific surface area of around 500 m2/g could be produced. Overall, it can be concluded that jet cutting method is suitable for aerogel particle production, although the shape of the particles is not perfectly spherical in all cases. However, parameter adjustment might lead to even better shaped particles in further work. Moreover, the biopolymer-based aerogel particles synthesized in this study were tested as humidity absorber in drying units for home appliances, particularly for dishwashers. It could be shown that for several cycles of absorption and desorption of humidity aerogel particles are stable with an absorption capacity of around 20 wt. %.

Scale-up from shake flasks to pilot-scale production of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense for preparing a liquid inoculant formulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (22) ◽  
pp. 9665-9674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán ◽  
Norma A. Valdez-Cruz ◽  
César F. Gonzalez-Monterrubio ◽  
Eduardo V. Acevedo-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Martínez-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pilot Scale Production ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Inoculant Formulation

scholarly journals Production of fine zinc borate in industrial scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaye Çakal
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Scale Production

In this study, zinc borate production in an industrial scale batch reactor was carried out at the optimum process conditions determined in the previous studies performed at the laboratory and pilot scale reactors. The production was done via the heterogeneous reaction of boric acid and zinc oxide. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, XRD, TGA, SEM and particle size distribution. The final product which was obtained in the industrial scale reactor was 2ZnO.3B2O3.3H2O. The kinetic data for the zinc borate production reaction fit to a modified logistic model where the lag time was taken into account. As observed, the reaction time was influenced by scaling up. There was a lag time of 120 min for the industrial scale production and thus, the reaction completion time was 70 min longer compared to pilot scale. It should be emphasized that the specific reaction rate, k; as well as the average particle size and the hydration temperature of zinc borate are unaffected by scale up.

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