scholarly journals Influence of the Composition on the Environmental Impact of Soft Ferrites

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1789
Author(s):  
Patricia Gómez ◽  
Daniel Elduque ◽  
Carmelo Pina ◽  
Carlos Javierre
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nickel Zinc ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Soft Ferrites

The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of the composition on the environmental impact of the two main types of soft ferrites, allowing scientists and engineers to compare them based not only on cost and properties, but also on an environmental point of view. Iron oxides are the basis of soft ferrites, but these ferrites have a wide range of compositions, using materials such as manganese or nickel, which affect their magnetic properties, but also modify the environmental impact. A Life Cycle Assessment has been carried out for manganese‒zinc (MnZn) and nickel‒zinc (NiZn) soft ferrites, with a Monte Carlo approach to assess multiple compositions. The LCA model was developed with SimaPro 8.4, using the EcoInvent v3.4 life cycle inventory database. Environmental impact values were calculated under the ReCiPe and Carbon Footprint methodologies, obtaining a broad variety of results depending on the composition. The results were also significantly different from the standard EcoInvent ferrite. For the analyzed soft ferrites, the presence of manganese or nickel is a key factor from an environmental perspective, as these materials involve high environmental impacts, and their supply risk has increased during recent years, making them a concern for European manufacturers.

scholarly journals Methodology for the quantification of concrete sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Teplý ◽  
Tomáš Vymazal ◽  
Pavla Rovnaníková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Sustainability Management

Efficient sustainability management requires the use of tools which allow material, technological and construction variants to be quantified, measured or compared. These tools can be used as a powerful marketing aid and as support for the transition to “circular economy”. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedures are also used, aside from other approaches. LCA is a method that evaluates the life cycle of a structure from the point of view of its impact on the environment. Consideration is given also to energy and raw material costs, as well as to environmental impact throughout the life cycle - e.g. due to emissions. The paper focuses on the quantification of sustainability connected with the use of various types of concrete with regard to their resistance to degradation. Sustainability coefficients are determined using information regarding service life and "eco-costs". The aim is to propose a suitable methodology which can simplify decision-making in the design and choice of concrete mixes from a wider perspective, i.e. not only with regard to load-bearing capacity or durability.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of LNG Fueled Vessel in Domestic Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwang ◽  
Jeong ◽  
Jung ◽  
Kim ◽  
Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Selection Of

This research was focused on a comparative analysis of using LNG as a marine fuel with a conventional marine gas oil (MGO) from an environmental point of view. A case study was performed using a 50K bulk carrier engaged in domestic services in South Korea. Considering the energy exporting market for South Korea, the fuel supply chain was designed with the two largest suppliers: Middle East (LNG-Qatar/MGO-Saudi Arabia) and U.S. The life cycle of each fuel type was categorized into three stages: Well-to-Tank (WtT), Tank-to-Wake (TtW), and Well-to-Wake (WtW). With the process modelling, the environmental impact of each stage was analyzed based on the five environmental impact categorizes: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Photochemical Potential (POCP), Eutrophication Potential (EP) and Particulate Matter (PM). Analysis results reveal that emission levels for the LNG cases are significantly lower than the MGO cases in all potential impact categories. Particularly, Case 1 (LNG import to Korea from Qatar) is identified as the best option as producing the lowest emission levels per 1.0 × 107 MJ of fuel consumption: 977 tonnages of CO2 equivalent (for GWP), 1.76 tonnages of SO2 equivalent (for AP), 1.18 tonnages of N equivalent (for EP), 4.28 tonnages of NMVOC equivalent (for POCP) and 26 kg of PM 2.5 equivalent (for PM). On the other hand, the results also point out that the selection of the fuel supply routes could be an important factor contributing to emission levels since longer distances for freight transportation result in more emissions. It is worth noting that the life cycle assessment can offer us better understanding of holistic emission levels contributed by marine fuels from the cradle to the grave, which are highly believed to remedy the shortcomings of current marine emission indicators.

scholarly journals Are electric vehicles eco-friendly products? A review from life cycle and sustainability perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Niculina Alexandra Grigore ◽  
Claudiu Vasile Kifor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Use Phase

Industry, especially the automotive industry is permanently changing and adapting to the external and internal factors. The appearance of the new types of vehicles – electric vehicles, is a big and important step not only regarding the evolution of the product, but also regarding the advantages of reducing environmental impact. It is promoted the idea that an electric vehicle generates less direct emissions in use phase compared with a conventional one. If we limit to this, we could say that we are dealing with an eco-friendly type of vehicle. The question is, can we extend this idea to the other stages of the life cycle? What about the sustainability of the industry? This article highlights the methods of environmental impact assessment used by researchers for electric vehicles in terms of life cycle and sustainability. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate that even if are a large number of articles addressing electric vehicles, only a small number of them evaluate the electric vehicle from life cycle and sustainability point of view.

scholarly journals Research on the evaluation system of green highway in the whole life cycle of South China Mountain Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 04062
Author(s):  
Shengjun YU ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Chenhui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The urgency of the global environmental impact has made mankind pay more and more attention to the issue of sustainable development in all fields. The field of highway construction is no exception. Traditional highway construction has the characteristics of high investment, high energy consumption, wide pollution and strong destruction, and serious environmental impact, which is not conducive to the long-term development of society and the country. From the point of view of life cycle, combined with Current Events and Policies, green concept, Four-New Technology and consulting experience in highway construction of many years, this paper puts forward a three-stage green highway construction system of green design, green construction and green road maintenance. to promote the healthy, sustainable and green development of highway industry.

Defining Key Environmental Performance Factors (KEPF) for Gas Turbines Eco-Design and Production Through Life Cycle Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Musacchio ◽  
Andrea Corona ◽  
Luca Cencioni ◽  
Angela Serra ◽  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Design And Production

Abstract Nowadays environmental impact assessment of a new product is necessary to meet rising sustainability requirements also in the Oil & Gas and Power Generation markets, especially for industrial gas turbines. From the conceptual phase to the detailed design, engineer’s work is supported by a wide range of tools aimed to define and evaluate typical parameters such as performances, life and costs, etc. However, considering environmental impact aspects from the early stages of product development may not be easy if the involved engineers are not provided by a specific Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) knowledge. Scope of this paper is to introduce and explain the development of a methodology aimed to define and evaluate the Key Environmental Performance Factors (KEPF) during the whole design process. The proposed methodology enables easy and fast eco-design evaluations and supports sustainable design assessments. Preliminary analysis of the entire processes involved in gas turbine (GT) design and production as well as testing and commissioning phases were performed to evaluate which factors affect mostly the Carbon Footprint of each process, referred to their specific functional unit. Extrapolating the KEPF from Cradle-to-Gate LCA they can be combined with case-specific qualitative and quantitative information such as material selection, manufacturing processes, mass quantity, presence of coatings etc. to provide environmental assessments. A case study of LCA applied to a heavy-duty GT is presented to outline the relative weight of each KEPF.

scholarly journals Comparative Study into the Environmental Impact of Traditional Clay Bricks and Mixed with a Biological Ingredient Using Life Cycle Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Adolfo Lozano-Miralles ◽  
Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez ◽  
Carmen Martínez-García ◽  
José Ignacio Rojas-Sola
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Red Clay Brick

The construction industry is responsible for 40 to 45% of primary energy consumption in Europe alone. Therefore, it is essential to find new materials with a lower environmental impact in order to attain sustainable housing. This study aims to determine and compare the environmental impact of two clay samples forming a basis for the manufacture of traditional brick, a standard material in building construction; traditional red clay brick and a brick based on clay mixed with a biological ingredient.  The samples of fired clay were manufactured at the laboratory scale, the results being valid exclusively as indicators for the extrapolation of the analysis to other studies. The results of the environmental impact of these formulations have been examined through an evaluation of life-cycle analysis (LCA), observing that the incorporation of biological pore forming agents led to a decrease of around 15 to 20% of all impact categories studied. Thus, the suitability of using biological-based additives in clay bricks was confirmed both for their constructive characteristics (lighter material) and increased energy efficiency (better thermal insulation) considering the environmental point of view.

scholarly journals PLANNING INNOVATIONS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS: A REVIEW OF MODERN SOFTWARE PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Koblianska ◽  
Olha Kovalova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Business Structures

The article emphasizes the importance of taking into account and evaluating the environmental aspects of goods, services, and solutions (technological, organizational and marketing nature), when planning innovations in the enterprise. The aim of the article is to characterize the possibilities of use and functionality of modern software developed to assess the environmental aspects of innovation during the development of plans for innovation projects and investment proposals. Within the research framework, the main indicators that can be used to assess the environmental friendliness of innovations are described, in particular: water footprint, land footprint, material input per service unit, carbon footprint. The article provides a detailed review of software (foreign and domestic developments) that can be used to automate the process of assessing the environmental aspects of innovative projects and business in general: outlines the functionality (detailing indicators for evaluation) and features of use, indicates the possibility of software use for planning. The foreign developments explored provide an assessment of the environmental impact throughout the life cycle and, as a rule, can be applied to various industries. Almost all the software presented provides a carbon footprint assessment and is suitable for eco-design purposes. In addition to directly assessing the environmental impact, many tools provide an opportunity to assess the costs associated with the environmental impact along the life cycle or with the material / energy flows. Domestic developments are mainly of a marketing nature (aimed at attracting new customers rather than assessing environmental aspects). For the most part, the functionality of these developments is related to energy efficiency issues. No domestic software provides a comprehensive environmental impact assessment throughout the life cycle. However, there is the wide range of available (in terms of conditions of use and functionality) foreign software tools for assessing the environmental aspects of innovation, which can be used to plan and develop investment proposals by domestic business structures.

scholarly journals Review and Harmonization of the Life-Cycle Global Warming Impact of PV-Powered Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kanz ◽  
Karsten Bittkau ◽  
Kaining Ding ◽  
Uwe Rau ◽  
Angèle Reinders
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Global Warming Impact ◽  
Maximum Absolute Difference ◽  
Electrolytic Hydrogen ◽  
Wide Range

This work presents a review of life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of hydrogen electrolysis using power from photovoltaic (PV) systems. The paper discusses the assumptions, strengths and weaknesses of 13 LCA studies and identifies the causes of the environmental impact. Differences in assumptions of system boundaries, system sizes, evaluation methods, and functional units make it challenging to directly compare the Global Warming Potential (GWP) resulting from different studies. To simplify this process, 13 selected LCA studies on PV-powered hydrogen production have been harmonized following a consistent framework described by this paper. The harmonized GWP values vary from 0.7 to 6.6 kg CO2-eq/kg H2 which can be considered a wide range. The maximum absolute difference between the original and harmonized GWP results of a study is 1.5 kg CO2-eq/kg H2. Yet even the highest GWP of this study is over four times lower than the GWP of grid-powered electrolysis in Germany. Due to the lack of transparency of most LCAs included in this review, full identification of the sources of discrepancies (methods applied, assumed production conditions) is not possible. Overall it can be concluded that the environmental impact of the electrolytic hydrogen production process is mainly caused by the GWP of the electricity supply. For future environmental impact studies on hydrogen production systems, it is highly recommended to 1) divide the whole system into well-defined subsystems using compression as the final stage of the LCA and 2) to provide energy inputs/GWP results for the different subsystems.

scholarly journals Catostylus tagi (Class: Scyphozoa, Order: Discomedusae, Suborder: Rhizostomida, Family: Catostylidae) life cycle and first insight into its ecology

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12056
Author(s):  
Sonia K.M. Gueroun ◽  
Tatiana M. Torres ◽  
Antonina Dos Santos ◽  
Nuno Vasco-Rodrigues ◽  
João Canning-Clode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Total Body

Jellyfish proliferations, which are conspicuous and natural events, cause blooms that may lead to severe consequences for anthropogenic activities and ecosystem structure and functioning. Although research during the last decade has focused on factors influencing the different jellyfish life stages, few species currently have their full life cycle known. In this context, we describe for the first time the developmental stages in the life cycle of Catostylus tagi, from planula to young medusa, reared in the laboratory. The species displays the typical Rhizostomida metagenetic life cycle. Mature scyphistomae display 16 tentacles and a total body length of 1.5 ± 0.2 mm. Only podocyst production and strobilation were observed. Strobilation, occurring continuously under laboratory conditions, was mainly polydisc. The eight-rayed typical ephyrae, with a total body diameter of 2.4 ± 0.4 mm at detachment, showed development typical of the Rhizostomida. As a first step in studying this species’ ecology, we also present preliminary assessments of: (i) the influence of different temperature and salinity regimes on planulae survival, settlement and metamorphosis and (ii) the effect of temperature and diet on asexual reproduction. The results showed a high tolerance of planulae to a wide range of salinities (15‰ to 25‰), while polyp development was significantly faster at higher temperature (20–25 °C). Strobilation onset was 2–3 times faster at 20 °C (10.6 ± 5.4 to 15 ± 6.6 day at various tested diet) than at 15 °C (32.2 ± 3 day). Feeding was a key factor as unfed polyps never underwent strobilation during the trial. Finally, we present the spatial and seasonal distribution of C. tagi in the Tagus estuary (Portugal) in 2019, showing its occurrence throughout the year (except in April), with most observations recorded on the northern shoreline. As C. tagi shows the ability to form blooms and a wide tolerance for temperature and salinity (for planulae and medusae stage), it is essential to understand its life cycle.

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